The opinion
[Cite as State v. Bracken, 2017-Ohio-721.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
State of Ohio, :
Plaintiff-Appellant, :
v. : No. 16AP-435
(M.C. No. 2015TRC193153)
Cody D. Bracken, :
(REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellee. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on February 28, 2017
On brief: Richard C. Pfeiffer, Jr., City Attorney, Lara N.
Baker, City Prosecutor, and Melanie R. Tobias, for appellant.
Argued: Melanie R. Tobias.
On brief: Jack Moser Law Co., LPA, and Jack L. Moser, Jr.,
for appellee. Argued: Jack L. Moser, Jr.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Municipal Court
TYACK, P.J.
{¶ 1} The State of Ohio is appealing from the granting of a motion to suppress. It
assigns a single error for our consideration:
The trial court erred in suppressing the Defendant's breath-
alcohol test results because the officer had probable cause to
arrest Defendant for operating a vehicle while under the
influence of alcohol.
{¶ 2} The State amplifies its view with its statement of the issue presented for
review:
When an individual is stopped in the early morning hours for
speeding, emits a moderate odor of alcohol, displays
bloodshot, glassy eyes, admits to consuming alcohol and fails
three standardized field sobriety tests does the officer have
No. 16AP-435 2
probable cause to arrest the individual for operating a vehicle
while under the influence of alcohol?
{¶ 3} In the early morning hours of December 6, 2015, Cody D. Bracken was
clocked at a speed of 61 m.p.h. in a posted 45 m.p.h. zone and pulled over by Sergeant
Jermaine Thaxton ("Sgt. Thaxton") of the Ohio State Highway Patrol.
{¶ 4} Sgt. Thaxton then approached Bracken's vehicle. Sgt. Thaxton felt that he
noticed a moderate odor of alcohol coming from the vehicle. He viewed Bracken's eyes as
being bloodshot and glassy. Sgt. Thaxton felt Bracken's face was flushed. Sgt. Thaxton
acknowledged that he did not shine a light on Bracken's face to enable or increase his
ability to make such observations.
{¶ 5} Bracken acknowledged that he had consumed two beers. Sgt. Thaxton had
Bracken perform some field sobriety tests, the first of which was the horizontal gaze
nystagmus test ("HGN"). Bracken was viewed as displaying six clues which indicated
alcohol consumption. Sgt. Thaxton felt that Bracken had an odor of alcohol on his breath,
but no more than a moderate odor. The video of the encounter does not enable us to
evaluate how the HGN test was conducted or its results.
{¶ 6} The next test administered by Sgt. Thaxton was the walk-and-turn test. Sgt.
Thaxton later testified that Bracken displayed five of the eight possible clues indicating
alcohol consumption to an unacceptable level. Sgt. Thaxton viewed starting the walk-
and-turn test before being told to start walking as an indication of being impaired.
{¶ 7} Another test administered was a test in which Bracken was requested to
recite a portion of the alphabet. Bracken allegedly skipped a letter.
{¶ 8} The final test administered was a one-leg stand test. Sgt. Thaxton later
testified that Bracken displayed three of four possible clues indicating an illegal blood
alcohol level. The video of the interaction between Sgt. Thaxton and Bracken does not
fully support Sgt. Thaxton's view.
{¶ 9} Bracken was arrested and charged with operating a motor vehicle while
under the influence of alcohol ("OVI") and/or a drug of abuse.
{¶ 10} A judge in the Franklin County Municipal Court was assigned to the case.
Defense counsel for Bracken filed a motion to suppress evidence.
No. 16AP-435 3
{¶ 11} An evidentiary hearing was conducted on the motion at the conclusion of
which the trial court judge granted the motion, heavily relying on the video of the
encounter recorded by Sgt. Thaxton's cruiser camera which the judge felt was, in some
particulars, inconsistent with Sgt. Thaxton's testimony.
{¶ 12} The trial court found that Sgt. Thaxton had a reasonable basis for pulling
Bracken's vehicle over based on the speed it was travelling. The judge, however, found
that the video of the field sobriety tests did not support arresting Bracken on a charge of
OVI, in part, because the video could be viewed as contradicting Sgt. Thaxton's
recollection of how Bracken performed.
{¶ 13} One of the factors considered by the trial court was the fact that Bracken
displayed no erratic driving other than his speed. Sgt. Thaxton testified, however, that
speed is not considered to be an indication of operating a vehicle under the influence.
Otherwise, the trial court failed to make findings. We have reviewed the evidence, but our
decision should not be construed to say the trial court is not required to make findings.
{¶ 14} We have the dash camera video before us in the appellate record. We
cannot disagree with the trial court's finding that probable cause to arrest is not
demonstrated by the video. Probable cause to arrest is to be based on the totality of the
circumstances.
{¶ 15} Bracken had no trace of slurred speech. He walked heel to toe with no
noticeable impairment. He apparently was marked down because he started a test sooner
than the Sergeant wanted, but Bracken apparently started the test as soon as he
understood what was being requested. There is a serious question of whether or not he
put his foot down during the one-leg stand.
{¶ 16} As a result of the foregoing, we cannot find that the trial court's findings was
against the totality of the circumstances. We, therefore, overrule the sole assignment of
error. We affirm the judgment of the Franklin County Municipal Court.
Judgment affirmed.
BROWN and DORRIAN, JJ., concur.
DORRIAN, J., concurring.
{¶ 17} I concur with the majority but write separately to address the trial court's
lack of essential findings of fact.
No. 16AP-435 4
{¶ 18} " ' "Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of
law and fact. When considering a motion to suppress, the trial court assumes the role of
trier of fact and is therefore in the best position to resolve factual questions and evaluate
the credibility of witnesses. Consequently, an appellate court must accept the trial court's
findings of fact if they are supported by competent, credible evidence. Accepting these
facts as true, the appellate court must then independently determine, without deference to
the conclusion of the trial court, whether the facts satisfy the applicable legal standard.
(Citations omitted.)" ' " Columbus v. Horton, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-966, 2014-Ohio-4584,
¶ 11, quoting State v. Roberts, 110 Ohio St.3d 71, 2006-Ohio-3665, ¶ 100, quoting State v.
Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003-Ohio-5372.
{¶ 19} In this case, the trial court made conclusions of law that there was
reasonable suspicion to stop the vehicle, sufficient cause to request defendant-appellee,
Cody D. Bracken, to exit the vehicle, but no probable cause for arrest. The trial court did
not, however, as required by Crim.R. 12(F), in the transcript or the judgment entry, make
any findings of fact to support the conclusions of law. Therefore, there are no findings of
fact for this court to consider if they are supported by competent, credible evidence and
no findings of fact to accept as true.
{¶ 20} Crim.R. 12(F) provides: "[w]here factual issues are involved in determining
a motion, the court shall state its essential findings on the record." (Emphasis added.)
This court has, on occasion, remanded trial court decisions where the trial court failed to
document in the record its essential findings of fact supporting its conclusions of law. See
State v. Limoli, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-924, 2012-Ohio-4502, ¶ 38-49.
{¶ 21} Nevertheless, disregarding the mandatory nature of Crim.R. 12(F), plaintiff-
appellant, State of Ohio, argued that when a trial court fails to make factual findings, a
reviewing court " 'must look directly to the record to determine "if there is sufficient
evidence demonstrating that the trial court's decision was legally justified and supported
by the record." ' " (State's Brief at 8, quoting State v. Azcona, 4th Dist. No. 97 CA 21
(Mar. 6, 1998).) In support of this argument, the state points to Azcona at ¶ 10 and 16,
quoting State v. Brown,1 64 Ohio St.3d 476 (1992), syllabus. Bracken likewise argued it is
1 The facts in the case before us differ from the facts in Azcona and Brown. In Azcona and Brown, the
appellants-defendants appealed the trial court's overruling of their motions to suppress and dismiss,
respectively. The court noted that the appellants-defendants did not make requests for findings of fact, and
No. 16AP-435 5
not necessary to remand this case for the trial court to make findings of fact and suggested
the trial court's essential findings are found in the trial court's statement that " '[b]ased on
the video and the weather, the Court does not find that sufficient probable cause was
evident for an arrest for the OVI.' " (Bracken's Brief at 20, quoting Tr. at 65.)
{¶ 22} As suggested by the state, with no counter-argument by Bracken, the
majority looked directly to the record and examined the transcript and the video. The
majority determined that it could not find the trial court's findings were against the
totality of the circumstances. Although I would find the trial court was required to make
findings of fact, I do not disagree with the majority's assessment of the record and its
determination of the totality of the circumstances in this case. Therefore, I concur and
would overrule the state's sole assignment of error.
therefore could not invoke Crim.R. 12(E) (now Crim.R. 12(F)). In the case before us, the appellant-state
appealed the trial court's granting of the appellee-defendant's motion to suppress. Neither party requested
findings of fact.