The opinion
FILED
OCTOBER 25, 2016
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, )
) No. 32221-1-111
Respondent, ) (consolidated with
) 33704-9-111)
v. )
)
DAVID RANDALL PRIEST, )
)
Appellant. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
)
)
IN THE MATTER OF PERSONAL )
RESTRAINT OF )
)
DAVID RANDALL PRIEST. )
)
Petitioner. )
FEARING, C.J. -David Randall Priest seeks, through a personal restraint petition,
relief from his January 13, 2014, convictions for possession of a stolen motor vehicle and
possession of stolen property in the third degree. Priest contends that the superior court
lacked jurisdiction over him and this prosecution because he is an enrolled member of the
Confederated Tribes of the Colville Nation and any crimes occurred solely on tribal land.
Nos. 32221-1-111; 33704-9-111
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint of Priest
This court consolidated Priest's personal restraint petition with his direct appeal, in which
he challenges legal financial obligations imposed by the trial court. Because the only
evidence of possession of stolen property showed the property to be on reservation land,
we hold that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to entertain this prosecution against David
Priest. We vacate his convictions, judgment, and sentence. We need not and do not
address Priest's challenge to legal financial obligations.
FACTS
In June 2013, while investigating another crime, Omak Police Officer Michael
Morrison recovered stolen property belonging to James Barker. Officer Morrison
notified Barker, who reported that someone stole other items from his property, including
a blue and white 1985 Ford F-250 pickup truck.
Later, while off-duty and driving on County Road 280, Officer Michael Morrison
saw a truck fitting the pickup's description at 1109 Lone Pine HUD Road, located on the
reservation of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Nation. The United States holds
this reservation land in trust, or the land is an Indian allotment remaining under
restriction from alienation. As he drove along Lone Pine HUD Road, Officer Morrison
saw David Priest, whom he knew by sight, lift a tarp that covered the pickup. Officer
Morrison directed James Barker to drive by the Lone Pine HUD Road residence to
confirm his ownership of the Ford pickup. Barker did.
2
Nos. 32221-1-111; 33704-9-111
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint of Priest
On June 16, 2013, Omak Officer Michael Morrison contacted Okanogan County
Sheriff Deputy Eric Mudgett, who obtained a search warrant for 1109 Lone Pine HUD
Road. In preparing the affidavit for the warrant, Deputy Mudgett contacted the Colville
Tribe and confirmed that Cheryl Priest, David Priest's sister, resided at the residence.
Upon arriving at 1109 Lone Pine HUD Road, law enforcement found Priest in a travel
trailer behind the house on the property. Priest told Deputy Mudgett that Garret Elsberg
brought the Ford F-250 to the property a few weeks earlier and asked Priest to perform
repairs on the pickup. Deputy Mudgett examined the pickup truck and confirmed it was
the same truck reported stolen by James Barker. The deputies also discovered other
personal property on the Lone Pine HUD Road property reported stolen by Barker,
including a tool box, a pressure washer, a shop vacuum, a dolly, a cooler, a gas can, and
some tie-down straps.
PROCEDURE
The State of Washington charged David Priest, in Okanogan Superior Court, with
possession of a stolen motor vehicle and possession of stolen property in the third degree.
A jury found Priest guilty of both crimes. The trial court sentenced Priest to fifty
months' confinement for possession of a stolen motor vehicle and 364 days' confinement
for possession of stolen property in the third degree. The superior court also ordered
Priest to pay $1,110.50 in legal financial obligations, including a $100.00 mandatory
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) collection fee. The court additionally ordered Priest to
3
Nos. 32221-1-111; 33704-9-111
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint of Priest
submit to a DNA collection unless "the Washington State Patrol crime laboratory already
has a sample ... for a qualifying offense." Clerk's Papers at 28.
In a direct appeal, David Priest challenges the constitutionality of the mandatory
DNA collection fee, and he contends the trial court erred in imposing legal financial
obligations, without inquiring into his present or future ability to pay. In addition, Priest
filed a prose statement of additional grounds for review, in which he contends that the
trial court lacked jurisdiction to prosecute him because he is an enrolled member of the
Colville Tribe and all the acts supporting his convictions occurred on the Colville
Reservation. Priest also contends he received ineffective assistance of counsel because
his attorney, despite his request, failed to raise jurisdiction at trial and because his trial
attorney failed to call key witnesses.
While his direct appeal was pending, David Priest moved the superior court to
vacate and set aside his judgment and sentence. Because Priest filed the motion more
than one year after the entry of the judgment and sentence, the trial court transferred the
motion to this court for consideration as a personal restraint petition. In his petition,
Priest again challenges the trial court's jurisdiction to prosecute him. This court
consolidated Priest's personal restraint petition with his direct appeal.
After the State filed a responsive brief, David Priest filed a reply and motion to
accept additional evidence under RAP 9.1 l(a). Priest attached, to the motion, a
Certificate of Indian Blood, two print-outs of property records obtained from the
4
Nos. 32221-1-111; 33704-9-111
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint of Priest
Okanogan County Assessor's Office, and a letter from Okanogan County Assessor Scott
D. Furman. Priest asked that we accept the attachments as evidence for purposes of his
appeal. The State objected to Priest's motion and argued that Priest failed to satisfy five
of the six requirements of RAP 9 .11. The State also contended that this court should not
consider the attachments to the motion because they cannot be found in the original trial
court record.
This court ordered a reference hearing and asked the superior court, by written
findings of fact, to answer the following questions:
1. During what, if any dates, has David Priest been an enrolled
member of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Nation?
2. Whether David Priest knowingly had possession of stolen
property off the Confederate Tribes of the Colville territory, and, if so, what
stolen property? Also, if so, when?
3. Whether David Priest knowingly had possession of stolen motor
vehicle off the Confederate Tribes of the Colville territory, and, if so,
when?
Order for Reference Hearing, State v. Priest, No. 32221-1-111, consolidated with In
re Pers. Restraint of Priest, No. 33704-9-111 (Wash. Ct. App. April 25, 2016).
During the reference hearing, Deputy Eric Mudgett testified that he never saw the
stolen car or property off the reservation. Deputy Mudgett testified that David Priest told
him that Garrett Elsberg delivered the stolen pickup truck to the reservation.
After a reference hearing, the trial court entered the following findings of fact:
1. The Defendant/Petitioner, DAVID RANDALL PRIEST
(hereinafter referred to as "Priest"), was found guilty of the crimes of
5
Nos. 32221-1-III; 33704-9-III
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint of Priest
Possessing a Stolen Motor Vehicle and Possessing Stolen Property in the
Third Degree by a jury on the 6th day of December, 2013.
2. Priest did not testify at the trial and the defense presented no
witnesses. (From review of trial proceedings).
3. David Priest testified at this Reference Hearing that he has been a
member of the Colville Confederated Tribe since birth; however his
Certificate ofIndian Blood does not bear a date of enrollment. Further he
stated that his mother, Donna Mae Priest, was full (4/4) Colville and that
his dad, William Virgil Priest, was a non-member. This information would
lead this court to understand that David Priest would be 2/4 or one-half;
however, the Certificate of Indian Blood disclosed 5/16. The Court finds
that he is an enrolled member of the Colville Confederated Tribes, but
cannot confirm the information that he was enrolled since birth. However
the [c]ourt would find that he was enrolled at the time of these alleged
offenses (June 2013) as he was an adult at the time.
4. The residence and premises from which the Ford F250 pickup
truck and various items of personal property were stolen or taken from was
located at 62 Woods Road (property of James Lee Barker) which is located
north of Omak (Okanogan county), Washington and NOT within the
boundaries of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation. This
locality lies west of the Okanogan River near the Omak airport.
5. The Ford F250 pickup belonging to Romero Chavez (stored at
James Lee Barker's premises) was initially viewed by Omak Police Officer
Morrison after receiving information about a stolen truck while following
up on and investigating other burglaries. Officer Morrison located the truck
at 1109 Lone Pine HUD which lies east of Omak and is within the
boundaries of the Colville Reservation. The residential property was
determined to be tribal property and in the possession of Cheryl Priest who
is Mr. Priest's sister. Officer Morrison turned the burglary investigation
information over to Sgt. Mudgett of the Okanogan County Sheriff's Office
due to jurisdictional concerns, since Barker's and Chavez's properties were
outside the city limits of Omak and within county jurisdiction.
6. David Priest did not reside at 1109 Lone Pine HUD, but in fact
resided at 119 S. Cedar in the City of Omak which location is NOT within
the boundaries of the Colville Tribes Reservation. This is the same address
disclosed in his Certificate ofIndian Blood and testified in the Reference
Hearing as being his address at the time of his arrest.
7. The time frame for the burglaries and theft of property from the
Barker property was approximately the second half of May 2013 and the
6
Nos. 32221-1-III; 33704-9-III
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint of Priest
first two weeks of June 2013. Barker thought Chavez had removed the
pickup truck and didn't immediately concern himself to the fact that it was
gone. Further Barker had an elderly parent whom he cared for which took
him away from his premises during that time frame. He was contacted by
Omak Police, who found an old box of his bank checks during their
investigation of several burglaries that alerted him to the initial burglary
and theft at his premises.
8. David Priest has an extensive criminal history of burglaries, theft,
trafficking and possession of stolen property. He has thirteen convictions
for crimes of dishonesty. He was then (June 19, 2013) out on bail and
facing new criminal charges for Trafficking in Stolen Property in the First
Degree (Three counts) and Possession of a Stolen Motor Vehicle (Two
counts), which had been found at Shelly Priest's (ex sister in law) residence
which was nearby the 1109 Lone Pine house. He was subsequently
convicted in April 2014 on all five counts as the undersigned judge was the
trial judge in that matter.
9. David Priest related to Sgt. Mudgett that an individual known as
Garrett Elsberg had brought the Ford F250 pickup to the Cheryl Priest's
[sic] so David Priest could put it in working or running order. Further Mr.
Priest told Sgt. Mudgett that he would get ahold of Els berg and have him
contact the officer which never occurred. Elsberg had multiple warrants
out for his arrest. However, this inability to start or run the pickup is
contrary to the evidence submitted at trial by Mr. Chavez.and Mr. Barker
who both knew the truck was operational. The photographs introduced at
trial and the Reference Hearing show the truck being stripped and
disassembled which is clearly contrary to the preliminary statement made to
Sgt. Mudgett. No evidence was presented that Garrett Elsberg delivered
the pickup except the self-serving statement of David Priest. A jury has the
ability to determine the credibility of statements and whether it makes sense
given the facts. Here the jury did not accept the facts of Mr. Priest as
relayed to Sgt. Mudgett relative to Garrett Elsberg delivering the truck and
personal property.
10. Additionally David Priest talked about Garrett Elsberg being a
person involved in drugs and other criminal activities when he had his
initial contact with Sgt. Mudgett; yet David Priest provided no information
about how Elsberg might be contacted or what specific repairs Elsberg had
ask[ ed] Priest to do except get the pickup operational. All the statements
and actions by Priest appeared to be contrary to the evidence and
7
Nos. 32221-1-111; 33704-9-111
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint ofPriest
unreasonable given the situation along with the disclosures by Barker and
Chavez.
11. In addition to the Ford F250 pickup, other items of personal
property were located and found at 1109 Lone Pine that had been stolen
from Barker's premises including a cooler, cargo strap, gas can, tool box,
pressure washer, shop vac, hand truck, and Troy-hilt mower. These items
were not located in the pickup at Barker's property but in his shop and in
his house from which they were taken. Thus Mr. Barker's premises had
been burglarized.
12. David Priest did not respond to Sgt. Mudgett's initial contact at
the travel trailer, but did when Dep. Dave Rodriguez entered the trailer,
went to the back bedroom area, and actually saw Mr. Priest present. He
appeared to be hiding from law enforcement, but for Dep. Rodriguez'
search of the trailer sleeping area.
13. The Ford F250 truck was covered by a tarp, except for the rear
portion, which hid items of personal property taken from the Barker
property. This was to prevent others from seeing the items or to secret
them.
14. This court finds David Priest's prior criminal activities of theft,
possessing stolen property, stripping or disassembling property or vehicles
are factually related to the crimes he was charged with herein. While he did
not testify at his trial, the jury is instructed on direct and circumstantial
evidence along with witness credibility. Given that his claim to Sgt.
Mudgett was that he was to repair and make operational the Ford F250, the
clear evidence is contrary and unsupportive of his claim. Therefore the
credibility of Mr. David Priest must be called into question, including the
truthfulness of any statement given to law enforcement, and the jury found
that he "knowingly" had possession of stolen property and possession of a
stolen motor vehicle off the Colville Tribes Reservation between the last
two weeks of May 2013 and the first two weeks of June 2013.
Suppl. Clerk's Paper at 108-11. (Emphasis in original).
LAW AND ANALYSIS
David Priest contends that the trial court lacked jurisdiction over his prosecution
for possession of a stolen motor vehicle and possession of stolen property in the third
8
Nos. 32221-1-111; 33704-9-111
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint ofPriest
degree. We agree.
We review de novo whether a particular court has jurisdiction. Shoop v. Kittitas
County, 149 Wn.2d 29, 33, 65 P.3d 1194 (2003). A petitioner who raises a
nonconstitutional error as a basis for relief in a personal restraint petition must show that
the error alleged constitutes a fundamental defect that inherently results in a complete
miscarriage of justice. In re Pers. Restraint of Cook, 114 Wn.2d 802, 811, 792 P.2d 506
(1990).
It is axiomatic that a party may challenge a court's subject matter jurisdiction at
any time, including for the first time on appeal or through a collateral attack. RAP
2.5(a)(l); RAP 16.4(c)(l); Matheson v. City of Hoquiam, 170 Wn. App. 811,819,287
P.3d 619 (2012); Wesley v. Schneckloth, 55 Wn.2d 90, 94; 346 P.2d 658 (1959). The
Washington Supreme Court explained over fifty years ago: if a court lacks jurisdiction,
"any judgment entered is void ab initio and is, in legal effect, no judgment at all." Wesley
v. Schneckloth, 55 Wn.2d at 93-94. We conclude that a petitioner who can demonstrate
the court of conviction lacked jurisdiction to convict him has identified a "fundamental
defect" entitling him to relief in a personal restraint petition. Jurisdiction is essential to
due process. State v. LG Elecs., Inc., 185 Wn. App. 394, 410, 341 P.3d 346 (2015), ajf'd,
186 Wn.2d 169, 375 P.3d 1035 (2016).
Article IV, section 6 of the Washington State Constitution provides, in relevant
part:
9
Nos. 32221-1-III; 33704-9-III
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint ofPriest
The superior court shall have original jurisdiction .. ; in all criminal
cases amounting to felony, and in all ·cases of misdemeanor not otherwise
provided for by law. . . . The superior court shall also have original
jurisdiction in all cases and of all proceedings in which jurisdiction shall
not have been by law vested exclusively in some other court[.]
David Priest's petition turns on whether the State's jurisdiction to prosecute him has been
"vested exclusively in some other court." WASH. CONST. art. IV, § 6.
The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Nation is a tribe "acknowledged to have
the immunities and privileges available to federally recognized Indian Tribes." Indian
Entities Recognized and Eligible to Receive Services from the United States Bureau of
Indian Affairs, 81 Fed. Reg. 5,019-02 (Jan. 29, 2016). The State of Washington does not
have criminal or civil jurisdiction over "Indians when on their tribal lands or allotted
lands within an established Indian reservation and held in trust by the United States or
subject to a restriction against alienation imposed by the United States," save for eight
enumerated legal issues, none of which apply here. RCW 37.12.010. However, the State
may assume civil or criminal jurisdiction if a tribe asks it to do so pursuant to RCW
37.12.021.
The Colville Tribe originally invoked the State's assumption of jurisdiction under
RCW 37.12.021. Nevertheless, the State of Washington retroceded all civil and criminal
jurisdiction back to the tribe in 1987. LAWS OF 1986, ch. 267 § 2. Thus, if David Priest
was an enrolled member of the Colville Tribe and possessed stolen property solely on
"tribal lands or allotted lands within an established Indian reservation and held in trust by
10
Nos. 32221-1-111; 33704-9-111
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint ofPriest
the United States," the State did not have jurisdiction to prosecute him. RCW 37.12.010;
State v. Clark, 178 Wn.2d 19, 25, 308 P.3d 590 (2013).
The trial court found that David Priest was an enrolled member of the Colville
Tribe during the time of the crimes. The trial court also found that 1109 Lone Pine HUD
Road, where the car and property were found, is on the Colville Reservation. The trial
court convicted Priest only of possession crimes. The State has forwarded no evidence
that David Priest possessed either the stolen car or other stolen items off the reservation.
The State presented no testimony as to what, if any, purloined property David Priest
possessed outside the reservation, and, if so, where he possessed the property and on
what date or dates he possessed the property.
In finding of fact 14 of the reference hearing, the trial court determined that the
jury, who found Priest guilty of the possession crimes, also found that he "knowingly"
possessed the stolen property off the Colville Tribes Reservation between the last two
weeks of May 2013 and the first two weeks of June 2013. We find no such finding in the
record and the trial court did not cite to the record for that finding. The jury was never
asked to determine the location of the crimes.
David Priest moves this court to deny the State an award of appeal costs. Since
we rule in favor of Priest on the merits the motion is moot.
11
Nos. 32221-1-111; 33704-9-111
State v. Priest; In re Pers. Restraint ofPriest
CONCLUSION
We vacate the convictions of David Priest for possession of a stolen motor vehicle
and possession of stolen property in the third degree.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW
2.06.040.
WE CONCUR:
. ff
lf::w
Lawrence-Berrey, J.
12