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Exhibit "»'1 "
AFFIDAVIT
THE STATE OF TEXAS §
4 §
COUNTY OF BRAZORIA §
BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, on this day personally
appeared CURTIS COOK, who by me duly sworn, upon oath
deposes and says,
"I am CURTIS COOK. For nearly forty years I have been
licensed by the American Board of Opticianary, and have
worked within the field of opticianal practice at all
levels of the tradé. My complete professional
credentials are included in my curriculum Vitae, which
is part of this affidavit.
1. Thomas Lee Evans contacted me in November of 2009,
and told me that he had been in a jury trial, [Cause No.
19,180] in which a pair of glasses were used in his
“trial to link him to a crime~ He asked me if I would
review the testimony of a Texas Department of Corrections
optometrist, a Mrs. Nanette English, and a Mrs. Denise
Arnaud, a Texas Department of Corrections employee in
charge of Medical Records. His objective was to verify
`or disclaim a statement by Mrs, Arnaud that a
Comparison Test made by a T.D.C. employee for the police
as part of their investigation, of the glasses found at a
crime scene to a prescription form made while Mr. Evans
was in T.D.C., was in fact "Records kept in the normal
course of business of the Texas Department of Corrections";
and whether or not this Comparison Test was "Records that
were made in connection with your official duties with
the Texas Department of Corrections." I agreed to read his
documents and give him an opinion, pro bono.
2. MRS DENISE ARNAUD, In Charge of Medical Records
of the Central Region of the T.D.C.:
(a) Under Oath, Mrs. Arnaud stated that State's Exhibit
#12, are l"Records kept in the normal course of business of'
the Texas Department of Corrections,"(S.F. Vol. IV, page
400, lines 8111); and that they are "optician records of
inmate Thomas Lee Evans,"(S.F. Vol. IV, page 400, lines
12-25, thru page 401, lines 1-5); and specifically agreed
with the District Attorney that, "these records that were
made in connection with your official duties with the
Texas Department of Corrections,"(S.F. Vol. IV, page 401,
lines 6- 9). It is revealed that the last page is the
results of the Comparison Test made against the crime
scene glasses against Mr. Evans' prescription while he
was incarcerated in T. D. C.,(S. F. Vol. IV, page 408, lines
15-25, thru page 409, lines 1-12).
QUESTION: Is the Comparison Test m de by a T~D.C.
employee for the State as part of its criminal investigation, a»
"Record kept in the normal course of business of the Texas
Department of Corrections."
ANSWER: No. I have been associated with the opticianal
field for about forty-five years and I never heard of an
optometrist,_or an unlicensed, self~proclaimed"Clinic Supervisor"
. in charge of "dispensing glasses," conducting an examination of
criminal evidence and then holding a Comparison Test of those
results to our records. The analysis of evidence and the
Comparison Test are not part of our"normal course of business."
»The prescription made while Mr. Evans was in T. D. C. is, the
analysis of evidence and the results of the comparison test are
not .
Mr. Evans also pointed out to me that he was not in prison
during this Comparison Test, but in the county jail. I don't
see T.D.C. being in control of Mr; Evans in any way;
3. MRS. NANETTE ENGLISH,_Walls Clinic Supervisor:
In addition to the above, I made several independent
observations regarding the`testimony of Mrs. English, a
"Supervisor of the Walls Clinic of the Texas Department of
Corrections"(S.F. Vol. IV, page 403, lines 18-20); whose job
description is "I run the eye clinic there dispensing glasses"
(S-F. Vol.-IV, page 403, lines 23-24). The District Attorney,
Mr. Stover, before the trial began during a pre-trial hearing,
stated that she was an Fophthalmologist from TDC" and that she
had:"come down to testify and said it was the glasses
prescribed to him and given to him while he was serving time
at TDC." The Judge responds "Okay. " Since the trial has not
began yet, 1 presume she testified in a Grand Jury Hearing.
(S.F. Vol. lI, page 183, lines 22- 25, thru page 184, lines
1-3). At any rate, I question whether or not Mrs. English is
an ophthalmologist, a Doctor,qualified to make any observations.
She made several statements to the lawyers that showed a lack
of experience in the opticianal field, which in my opinion is
misleading to the lay person, and would wrongly support the
State's claim that these glasses were positively Mr. Evans'.
She specifically states, "the_glasses match the prescription,"
(S F. Vol..IV, page 409, lines 8-12,"_as`if she is an
`authority on the subject of testing a pair of glasses found
at a crime scene, and then comparing that analysis to a known
prescription. As I'll show, I have reason to believe that she
is not an authority in the opticianal field. I also notice
that the lack of opticianal knowledge by every_person there,
including the judge, allowed Mrs. English and the D.A. to
»introduce a false statement as if it were true. A truly
skilled practitioner, such as I, could have easily discredited
Mrs. English's testimony, or verified its authenticity.
'ca) QUESTIoNs FoR MRS. ENGLISH:
1. Did you test Mr. Evans while he was in prison? At
(S¢F. Vol. IV, page 404, lines 15-16) she states that
jlines 10-11,
a "doctor" does the testing.FAt Page;40f
<5>
she says that the Ramsey III Eye Clinic conducted the
examination (another prison); and confirms the State's
question of whether or not "the order actually issued was for
the glasses that the doctor ordered for him,"(S.F. Vol. IV;
page 408, lines 11-14); and then "the eye clinic actually
ordered the exact prescription that the doctor had said?"
"Yes, sir.?(S.F. Vol; IV, page 407, lines 20-22).Who are
these doctors? Are they licensed? Is the document even `
authentic? I wouldn't question this but for the fact of
this testimony being deceptive. (Her and the D.A.
testifying as if she is qualified, an ophthalmologist
(S.F. Vol. II, page 183, lines 22~25, thru page 184, lines
'1- 3) qualified to give a professional opinion, when she
is obviously not. ) If she will mislead the layman in
this manner, then what else would she do?
2. The D.A. asked Mrs. English if she has a "machine" she
can test glasses on and she says"yes."(S F. Vol. IV, page
408, lines 18- 21. ) She then admits to testing the crime
scene evidence on this machine and coming to the
conclusion that these glasses were exactly the same as
those ordered for him/(S.F.-Vol, IV, page 409, lines 3-15).
My question here, is, what qualifies her to do a test
of these glasses on a lensometer? Is she a licensed
optomitrist? Where did she get her training?
3. Had she told me she knew how to use a lensometer I
would have asked her to demonstrate the procedures. It
would be easier for the unexperienced person to "say"
they have made an exact finding than to actually recieve
one by proper operation. v
(b)OVERALL there is no "professional" analysis here, and
the only "proof" I see here of "her" conclusion is her
"own" opinion. The most glaring example of her inexperience
is found on Direct and Cross-examination. when asked at
(S.F. Vol. IV, page 406, lines 12-22) what kind of vision.
problem Mr. Evans had, she simply said "Myopic," which is
'a legitimate analysis, accurately defined as "nearsighted,"
which the D.A. defines as "he can see close up, okay,
but can't see things far away." But, on Cross-examination
at(S.F. Vol. IV, page 413, lines 14-25) she is asked the
same question and states, "Myopia with an astigmatism"
thich is a completely different prescription. For example,
a person with myopia could not even see through a pair
of glasses of someone with an astigmatism. Which is it,
myopic, or myopic with an astigmatism? And then she
falsely defines this prescription as; "That means he's
'nearsighted, can see close up; but can't see far off.
An astigmatism reflected hg§ to be put in to correct
different angles," and Mr. Evans' lawyer says, "Okay."
This is not okay. An astigmatism means an "irregular
cornea," not an "astigmatism reflected has to be put in
to correct different angles." Merriam Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary, Tenth Edition, defines it as‘ stigmatism:l:
a defect of an optical system (as a lens) ausing rays
from appoint to fail to meet in a focalvpoint re§glting ”i'
in a blurred and imperfect igaqe. 22a defect of vision
due to a sti matism of the refractive s stem of the e e
and e§p. to corneal irregularity¢ 3:Distorted understanding
suggestive of the blurreg vision on an §§tigmatic person."
Mrs. English's only attempt at technical jargon associated
with my trade proved that she.was not a skilled practitioner.
Had a truly skilled optician been called upon by Mr. Evans'
lawyer, such as I, to question Mrs. English, her inexperience
would-have been easily revealed and the outcome of the eye
glasses testimony and the admissibility, would have
possibly been much different. Nothing in this entire
testimony convinces me that the glasses tested, §§ they
were tested, were the exact same as those issued to Mr.
Evans while in prison. I quit practicing two years ago
after forty-seven years in the field, and I can in good
conscience make this claim based on my own extensive
qualifications. '
***
EMPLOYM§NT Curriculum Vitae
grmmi§_<z<_>r
MASTER CERTIFIED OPTICIAN
Education:
Apprenticed Under My Father, Beginning At Age Fourteen
Master‘s Achieved In 1979
American Board Of Opticianary
International Academy Of Texas
Certified Ophthalmic Association 0f Texas
Employment:
Self-emploed For Forty Years, Certified Optician's Office
**k'k
"I. under both Federal law (28 U.S.C. §1746) and State_law
(V.T.C.A. Civil Practice & Remedies Code; §132.001-132.003),
CURTIS COOK, TDCJ #1585493, incarcerated at Ramsey One, in
Brazoria County, Texas, declare under penalty of perjury
that the foregoing INITIALED pages of this Affidavit are true
and correct. ~
Executed on January 6, 2010.j駧§§§§§;§§:z§_<=:j_"
INMATE'S DECLARATION
E;nibit "`§ "
AFFIDAVIT
THE sTATE oF cALIFoRNIA §
§
CoUNTY oF oRANGE §
BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, on this day personally
appeared Larry Ragle, who being by me duly sworn, upon oath
deposes and says,
"I am Larry Ragle. I am with the Center for the Forensic
Sciences. -
1, My professional credentials are included in myfcurriculum
vitae which is part of this affidavit.
2. Thomas Evans contacted me by mail dated December 1, 2003.
He had obtained a copy of my book, Crime Scene, Avon-
Harper/collins, 1995. Evans indicated in his letter that
he had read the chapter on serology, specifically the
section on secretor status and ABO typing of semen samples.
He asked if I would review the laboratory and police reports
that he had obtained regarding hisfcase. I agreed to review
his documents, pro bono.
3. I have reviewed several documents submitted to me for
review related to Thomas Evans' case: a) Scene and .
Investigation Reports fromwthe Montgomery County Sheriff's
Office regarding case #86-14560; b)Texas Department of
Public Safety Laboratory Reports-Case #L2H54833 (1)
Serology Examination by Sondra Denney. (2) Hair Examination
by Randy Snyder; (3) Transcript of Testimony of Sondra
Denney at trial pages 365-389.
4. The serology report by Sondra Denney of the Texas Department
of Public Safety indicates the presence of semen by P30 but
in a quantity below the sensitivity of the inderect ABO or
secretor status techniques, used in 1986. There were two
stains, however no attempt was made to combine them. No
ABO activity (detection) is also explained when the sample
is that of a non-secretor. Evans was determined to be a
type A secretor, the Victim a non-secretor. These results
obtained do not implicate Evans in any way other than-he is
male. This is an opinion based upon these 1986 results only.r
The ABO typing system is, today, totally obsolete for forensic
purposes. At the time of Mr. Evans' trial it was the only test
available. At best, ABG type, secretor status and PGM typing
could exclude ppssible donors but could never be speciftc. In
Evans' case, the results, as described above by the analyst,
were inconclusive.
`5. . In a March 15, 2004 letter to me from Mr. Evans he asked,
several questions that I answered in a letter dated April 4,
2004. The following background information, questions and
...1_
w/L
0
answers are excerpted from those two letters:
Mr. Evans' Letter¢ 3[15[04:
Page 2:
"NOTE: Nearly all of the following questions are critical of
the procedures used by the officials mentioned. I can‘t help'€
doing this. Though I would like to know your opinion based
upon your full range of professional knowledge, in all
fairness I have asked these questions with the Limits in mind
of the technology and understanding available to these people
,between June & October of the year 1986. These are the days
between when the crime was committed and the trial's ending.`
***
"Crime Scene:
Patrol OfficerL Mr. Robert ngl Dunn:'
On the night of the assault, June 15, 1986,:the first
officer on the scene, (Mr. Robert Paul Dunn of the Montgomery
County Sheriff's-Dept.), interviewed the victim, (Ms. Maury
Lynn Stryker), for about 20 minutes, and then escorted her and
her friend, (Ms. Shirley Jordan), back to Ms. Stryker's
apartment so that he could secure the scene, (S.F. Vol. III,
page 315, lines 11- 20).
Upon arrival'they each noticed that the apartment door
was open, and had been open for approximately 30 minutes.
Offrcer Dunn told them not to disturb the door, (S;F. Vol. III,
page 314, lines 21-24), and together the three of them entered
the apartment and walked around to see what was out of place.
During the course of their search they found several items of
evidence inside the apartment, (S.F. Vol. III,-page 324, lines
10-17), and after realizing that Ms. Stryker's purses were
missing, found them outside the apartment by a sidewalk and
some trees, (S.F. Vol. III, page 268. lines 16-25) through page
269, lines 1-18). .
Sometime during this, a man showed up at the scene and
!claimed to be the apartment security. This person did not
testify, and the fact that he was a black person, and his name,
have been removed from the S.F.. I would also like to point
out at this time that Ms¢ Stryker's windows were securde, the
sliding glass door was secured and with spiderwebs on it, and.
she said that she always locks her door.
, Though the S. F. has been edited for the most part
of the following, Officer Dunn and Ms. Stryker both stated that
Ms. Stryker was not bleeding or in any need of immediate medical
attention. Though not in need of immediate medical attention,
Officer Dunn left the crime scene in thercare of this guy who
_is said to be apartment security, (S. F. Vol. III, page 344, lines
17- 21). Though'called, no other police we e present at this
Page 3:
.-2_
timer the door was left open, and there was two purses laying
outside somewhere.
***
guestion : Should Officer Dunn have let Ms. Stryker and Ms.
Jordan walk around the crime scene?'
***
M£. Ragle's L§tte§l 4/7[04:
Answer 1. Re Dunn allowing Stryker and Jordan back into the scene,
Answer: No» The scene should be examined and photographed first.
After that, only the victim should be allowed to enter the scene.
and then, just far enough to inform the investigator where events
took place, what items are not hers, what has been moved or v
'changed and what might be missing. In general, this:is not a fatal
blunder but certainly/could compromise some investigations. A non
:involved person should never be allowed into the scene.
***
Evans' Letter:
guestion 2: Should Officer Dunn have left the crime scene in the
care of this civihian? -
‘ ***
_Ragle's Letter:
. Answer 2. Re Dunn leaving arcivilian in»care of the scene.
u`Answer: No. However, it's not a fatal errors See #3 below.
- -- *** . ~
Evans' Letter:
guestion 3: Because the security guy was left alone with the
evidence, does his place in theichain of custody of all the
items of evidence matter?
‘. _ - **»'k
Ragle's Letter:
Answer 31 Re security guy breaking the chain of possession..
Answer: He is ig the chain of possession if he had sole control
of the evidence for a period of time. If the DA failed to call
him as a witness, Mr. Canlas (or appropriate counsel) can explain
better than I, how it effects the admissibility of all the `
evidence;
~k**
Evans' Letter:
"Crime Scene Investigator, Srg. Noel Stgnley:
In October of 2000, Identification Invest'
A.B; Carlisle, of the Montgomery County Sherif
to me a copy of the enclosed packet I've tilt"
. l _3_ _
File, 86-14560", which is 4-pages. He sent me a color'copy of'
some pictures as well, but I spilled some water and two small
dots landed on them. If I can't get a new copy I may have to
send these.
On page 1, you will see a form made by Srg; Noel Stanley'
titled "Supplementary Investigation Report", dated 6-15-86
at the top. On this form Srg; Stanley states that he arrived
on the scene at "3:15 a.m.", and that he`"photographed the scene
as he saw it". In the trial he states that another fellow, (Mr.
Jerry Jackson), photographed the scene "at his direction", (S.F.
Vol. III, page 356, lines 6-20; and page 360, line 25, through
page 361, lines 1-12).#
In this Supplementary Investigation Report, Srg. Stanley
also states that he was contracted at "2:35 a.m." by the
Montgomery County Sheriff's Dept. Dispatch, and that an ,
Identification Officer was requested by Srg. Billy Rogers, to
go to the scene. In the trial, the D.A., Mr. F.M. "Rick"
Stover, is questioning the victim, Ms. Maury Lynn Stryker, v
about these photos, and after Ms. Stryker identifies State's
Exhibit No. 7, which has arclock:in:it, she assures Mr. Stover
"twice" that the time on the'clock is correct and shows the
time the picture was taken. The time is described as "2:30
something a.m.", (S.F. Vol. III, page 309, lines 11-25, through
page 310, lines 1~3). ' _
Needless to say, if Srg. Stanley was contacted by phone
at 2235 a.m., and arrived at the scene at 3€15 a.m., and the
pictures with a clock showing the time to be 2230 something
a.m., is true, then Srg. Stanley did not photograph the scene-
"as he saw it", and the statement he gave in the trial that
these 6 pictures were taken by Jerry Jackson "at his direction"
is not true. In this case the crime scene wasin the care of
Mr. Jackson from at least 2:30 something a.m. until 3:15 a.m.
At the very minimum Mr. Jackson walked around the'crime scene-
taking pictures for 36 minutes. »
' ***
Qgestion 4= Does Mr. Jackson's place in the chain of-custody
of all the evidence matter, if he was there alone with the
.evidence for 36 minutes or more?
*,** '
Ragle's Letter:
Answer 4: Re Jackson. Answer see #3- Anyone who enters the scene
.should be available as a witness. In California, the photographer way ma
may not befcalled if he didn't collect any evidence and an
investigator testifies the photographs offered accurately
represent the scene as it was first found; In this’case however,
if Jackson was alone and the scene was unprotected at first and
later guarded by a civilian it may be an admissibility issue.
Ask Mr. Canlas.
Evans' Letter:
guestjgg 5; If Mr. Jackson is:inside the apartment at 2:30
something a.m. taking pictures, then the purses are outside
in the custody of this security guy, or not in anyone's
custody if the guy left. ` -
Should Mr. Jackson have left the purses outside in this
person's custody? (This is the same thing 0fficer Dunn did.)
***
Ragle's Letter:
Answer 5= Re the purses. Answer: Yes: The purses sjould have been
photographed in place and the'collected, protected and packaged.
Carbon dusting doesn't always work on odd surfaces but procedures
for locating fingerprints on almost any type of surface were
available in 1986. Superglue Qcyanoacrylate) is a simple procedure
available in almost any location (for example, at the local
police station or at the scene). Further, most state labs, by
1986, had some type of laser or alternative light sources for
locating prints on almost any type of surface;
. ~k**
Evans' Letter:
Question 6: Srg, Stanley is the one infcharge of the crime
scene investigation~ Should Mr. Jackson have been walking
around the crime scene alone, taking pictures, during the
time Srg. Stanley was not there?
***
_ Ragle's Lettg;:
Answer 6: Re Jackson being alone. Answer: Stanley or Dunn`should
have maintained control of the scene, however, Jackson I assume,
is an employee of the PD. If so, I don't see an issue other.than
what I have already bisted.
***
PURSES :
Evans'Letter:_
In Srg. Stanley's Supplementary Investigation Report,
(Montgomery County File, page l)r he states:
"I picked up the victims(sic) purse and contents from
outside the apartment next mo the concrete walkway and put ip
backlin the victim's residence."
He is talking about only "one" purse.
In the Statement of F§cts, Ms. Stryker states that she¢
Ms. Jordan, (who is Ms. Stryker\s friend), and Officer Dunn,
returned to the'crime scene, (which is before the above mentioned
"2:30 something a.m." in the picture Mr. Jackson took, and
before the "3:15 a.m." Srg. Stanley arrived), and they found
_5-
*both" of her purses outside, (S.F. Voh. LII, page 269, lines
15-16). a
The picture (State‘s Exhibit No. 10), of "two purses", _
one blue and one white, as "they" were found outside are discussed
by Ms. Stryker again in (S.F. Vol. III, page 310, lines 22-25,
through page 311; lines 1-5). lt
Ms. Jordan then testified that there was only "one" purse
'found, and she's looking at the same picture, State's Exhibit
No. 10, (S.F. Vol. III, page 326, lines 2-11).
In officer Dunn's Direct, Mr. Stover, the D.A., refers
Officer Dunn to State's Exhibit No. 10, and says "purse or
purses", and then "purses", (S.F. Vol. III, Page 344, lines
5-11). ~
And in Srg. Stanley's Direct, by Mr. Stover,_the D.A.,
the D;A. asked if the picture actually depicts the scene of
Ms. Stryker's apartment and her "purse" outside the apartment
as Mr. Stanley saw "them" that night, (S.F. Vol. III, page
356, lines 17-21).
I can't remember if Srg. Stanley recovered both purses,
or if one was missing, or what. I do remember that there was
confusion about this, but-not the specifics. lt has also
occurred to me that someone has further confused the amount by
rewriting some of this trial testimony. (I know for a fact what
this happened in other places, unrelated to this.) If I can
ever get the'correct, unedited trial testimony when I will be
able to add to or take away from this question. .
Though edited out of the record for some reason, I do
remember that Srg. Stanley stated in the trial that he didn't
attempt tp print the purse(s), because they/it was of a type
of material that he figured wouldn't hold a print, and though
believed to have been handled by the assailant, no field test
for trace evidence (such as semen) was conducted.
It is my understanding from your book that even under the
most ideal conditions, the color and type of materials things
'are made of, as well as what kind of soaps they've been washed with,`
can help to hide trace elements and should.not be solely relied upon. N
As mentioned above, one was white and one was blue, and made of
a type of material.that couldn't be printed.
***
guestion : Should Srg. Stanley have taken these purse(s) into
»custody so that they could be sent off to the D.P.S. for their
professional analysis?
***
Ragle's Lettere
Answer 7: Re the purses going to D.P;S. for examination. Answer:
'Yes, absolutely. » . _ - _ ¢
di
Evans' Letter:
Evidence Found In The Apartment:
In the previously mentioned Supplementary Investigation
Report made by Srg. Noel Stanley, (Montgomery File1 page 1),
you will see his list of the items of evidence that he "did"
take into custody. They are described as follows:
Montgomery File, page 1:
Item 1; Knife believed to belong to suspect.
Item 2: Eye glasses(sic) believed mo belong to suspect.
Item 3: Blue mesh shirt believed to belong to suspect.
Item 4: Shirt and panties of victim.
Item 5: Blue tooth brush(sic) recovered from master
bathroom believed used in assault.
Item 6: Bed'lennin(stc) from master bed where assault
took place. ,
' *-**
And then at the bottom of the page he has written the
' following=
FOLLOW-UP INV§STIGATION:
On 6-17- 86 at 4: 30 pm, I packaged up the following items
of evidence anditurned them over to Detective Eva Camp
for transportation to DPS lab in Houston.
1. Bed linen from victims(sic) bed
`2. Toothbrush
3. Envelopes containing hairs from victims(sic) bed
***
As you can see, the knife, eyeglasses, blue mesh shirt,
all believed to belong to the assailant; and the shirt (it's
also "blue" in the picture) and panties, of the victim but in
/contact with the assailant, were not sent off to the D.P.S.
for their professional analysis. It is my understanding that
the colors and types of materials, as well as detergents, can
disguise trace evidence even under the most ideal conditions.
***
guestion;§: In all fairness, I am asking this question from
a 1986 perspective. Should Srg. Stanley have sent all of the
above items to the D. P. S. for their professional analysis?
*'k*
Ragle's Letter:
.Answer 8b Re all of the victim's clothing, etc. Answer: Yes;
Although detergents of other brighteners may interfere, biological
stains can still be located and perhaps, identified.
**'k .
Evans' Letter:'
Evidence Submitted To The D.P.S.:
As mentioned above, at the bottom of this Supplementary
Investigation Report¢ made by Srg. Noel Stanley on 6~15-86,
he has made a follow-up investigation on "6-17-86", which is
quoted here in the following: ~ ,
-FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATION:
On 6-17-86 at 4:30 pm, I packaged pp the following items
-of evidence and tgrned them over to Detective Eva Camp
for transportation to DPS lab in Houston.
. ` __ '*** b
_ Now please refer to the enclosed D.P.S. File, page 2,
which is the D.P.S. Physical Evidence Submission Form; dated
"6-18-86", that has no signature, but is presumably made by
Deteative Eva Camp. This "6-18-86" date shows that evidence
being submitted to the D.P.S. a day after Srg. Stanley gave
;her the items. ' ~ `
**_*
, The next page, (D.P.S. File, page 3), which is the same'
type of form, shows the items of evidence gathered at the
hospital in the sexual assault kit being also delivered.
There is no date on this form, but if you will please turn to
D.P.S. File, page 5, which is the Evidence Record Sheet, (Used
for the Chain of Custody?), you will see that these items were
"received" by the DlP.S. on "Jan. 18, 1986", and no time:is
indicated. This is a day after Det. Camp received the:items
from Srg. Stanley, ' ' "
***
And again, in D.P.S. File, Page 7, (of a two-page form,
7-8), which is titled FTexas D.P.S. Criminalistics Results",
Ms. Sondra Denney, the D.P.S. Chemist, has written a Submission
Date of "6-18-86", submitted by“Det. Camp in person; `
'k** ` '
The items were clearly given to Det° Camp on 6-17-86 at
4:30 p.m., and were not delivered until a day.and night later
on "6-18-86".
***
guestion s Should Srg. Stanley have allowed these items to
'~leave the security of his lab a day and night before they were
intended to be delivered to the D.P.S.?
***
-3_
Ragle's Letter:
Answer 9: Re Stanley allowing evidence to leave his lab. Answer:
Biological and suspected stained evidence should be, at least, f.
refrigerated (better frozen) while not being examined. There should
be a logtcal reason why it was removed on the 17th and an
explanation as to where it was with Camp over night.
***
Evans! Letter:_
ggestion l : Does Det. Camp's place in the'chain of custody
matter, especially in light of the fact what she had to put
‘ the items somewhere overnight?
***
Ragle's Letter:
Answer 10: Refcamp's place in the chain. Answer: Absolutely.
for your reason stated and that the-items remained sealed in their
packaging. ‘
'k**
anomplete And Contradicting Form§:
In the enclosed D.P.S. File, Pages_2,3, &4, which are
the D.P.S. Bhysical Evidence Submission Forms, presumably
made by Det. Camp, you will find-the following contradictions
and omitted informations
1. On pages 2 & 3, there is no signature.a
2. On page 2, the Submitting Agency No. is "86-14560",
and on pages 3 & 4, the Submitting Agency No. is "TX 1700000".
3. They have my age on page 3 as "19", but on page 4 as
"20". ' `
_4. Notice that on page 3, which contains the sexual assault
kit evidence gathered off the victim, ms. Stryker, at the
hospital, has my"name" as the suspect. The evidence was
"received" by the D.P.S. on 6-18-86, (see the Evidence Record
Sheet on page 5), which is the same day that I presume the
other form must have been filled out by Det. Camp. I was ,
already the suspect at this date, yet the handwritten form
made by Det. Camp does not have my name on it as does the
one that is typed up, (D.P.S. File, page 2). The way these
forms are filled out, they look like they were made by either
different people or at different times. One person wouldn't¢
sit down and go through all the troublento make these forms so
different, in my eyes. '
5. Page 3 has no Submission Date.
6. Pages 2 & 3 have the Zip Codes in the spaces labeled
"Submdtting Agency" and "Send Report To: (Agency%@j as "77301",
nw
and on page 4 it is 77385?.
***
guestion 11: I tried to obtain the "Backs" of these forms but'
'the General Counsel's Assistant, Pamela Smith, (Austin), would
not allow me a copy and refused to assist me without an Order
to do so. Thefcopies-they gave me didn't have backs on them,
and I wanted to see exactly what the "Detailed Instructions On
The Back Of The Sheet", stated, and to see what Det. Camp
wrote-under the "Note: A Brief Synopsis Or Offense Report
»Attached To This Submission Will Greatly Enhance Our Ability
To Assist.You With Your Investigation."»My'curiosity about
this last was raised by the note written on the bottom of
D. P. S. File,§page 5, "Refrigerated only-6 days She is most
interested in hairs", which teels me this was written at least
four days after the evidence was submitted by Det. Camp, and
that somebody is probably reading this from some other place,
not remembering what Det. Camp said; and l was curious because
the Chemist, Ms. Denney also testified in my trial that onei
of the hairs was short, with a slight curl to it, as if from
the arm of a man, yet this is not supported by any of these
documents found in the D. P S. Eile. .
Now, do you believe that it is a requirement that the
D. P. S. Evidence Submission Forms, pages 2, 3, & 4, should be
'completely filled out, with uniform information on them?
. **'k
guestion l § Should these D.P.S. Evidence Submission.Forms
¢be filled out completely and correctly, in order that the Chain
Of Custody will be preserved?
,***
Ragle ' S Letter 2 ~`
Answer 12: Re complete forms. Answer: Obviously all forms should
be'completed and correct. Some errors or omissions may simply be'
due to sloppy work. However, if a person who is known to have
examined the evidence, or opened it for any reason, has not noted
this fact on the packaging(or evidence tag) or within a proper
follow up report, the chain may be broken. Simple blunders (your
age, for example) or omissions may be disregarded by some courts.
Mr; Canlas (or appropriatefcounsel) will have to establish which
of these chain faults prevented you from getting a fair trials
From my perspective, there are a lot of major issues that prevented
you from getting a fair trial.
***
Evans'_Letter:°
gartial 0; Whole Prints:
In Srg. Stanley's'"Supplementary" Investigation Report,
(Montgomery File, page l), you will see that he has written:
"l attempted to fingerprint several item(sic) without success."
_]_O_
t _
This is not true. In his "primary" 2-page report, that the
officials will not let me havefcopys of, and in the portion of
his trial testimony that has been’carefully edited & rewritten,
.he stated thatja partial and/or a whole print were found on
the edge of the glasses and on the knife. ._
¢ rThe D.A., Mr; Stover, also held up the glasses in court*
and said that an.overzealous officer would occasionally pick
up an item to_inspect it, meaning officer Dunn, and indicated
that this is where the print came from. Mr. Stover just put this
in there on his own,_because there was no evidence in the trial
to indicate that any of the evidence was!compared to any other
person.than me. As he didwthroughout the whole trial, when
faced with an obstacle he just made up something and from _
then on it was the`new fact.
. ,~ ***
The following is all that is left of Srg. Stanley's print
testimony: . . ,_ '
S.F. Vol. III, page 357, lines 10-22:
Q:[BY D.A., MR. STOVER]Did you have an occasion to try to lift any
fingerprints from State‘s Exhibit No. l, the eyeglasses?
A: Yes, I attempted them.
Q: Were you able to get any readable prints from State's
Exhibit No 1? _ _
A: No.
Q: Did you attempt to lift any fingerprints from State's
Exhibit No..Z, the knife?
A: Yes, I did.
. Q: Were you able to retrieve any readable prints from State's
EXhibit No. 2? ~
A: Yes. F
' - **-*
guestion 13=.Should a partial or whole print have been followed
up on by the police? ¢` _ ~ ' ». § '
,*`**
Ragle's Letter:
Answer 13: Re partial prints. Answer: Yes. Standard operating
procedure is to compare every recovered friction ridge information
to all parties, suspects, victims, every one who is known to have
'been in the scene_(the friend and the security guy) including all
officers, investigators and civilian personnel (Jackson). Any
vamount of characteristics (minutia points) on the knife and
glasses should have been compared to all of the above, at a
_11_
minimum. An unidentified latentfcould indicate another suspect.
,M . ` * * * '
Evans'.Letter:
In the following you will see that there was some type of
"smears" on the doorknob. I'm not concerned with the fact that
the smear was not a readable print, but what of the smear
itself? Wouldn’t a smear have to be made by some type of
substance? Perhaps semen?
*'k’~k
S¢F. Vol. III, page 361, lines 18-23:
Q:[By Mr; Hall, Lawyer Assisting My Lawyer]What did you find
on the doorknob, if anything? `_ ’ ,
A: Nothing that would indicate somebody might have touched it.
lt was just a smear acros§l like it might bewtwo hands slipped
or something like that, even if it was a hand. §gtrit wis iu§§_
a Smear.
~ * *-*
And again, to the D.N., Mr. Stover:
S.F. Volb III, page.363, lines 4-11:
~Q= Sergeant Stanley, you described smears you found on_the
doorknob. Did you find smears in the other locations in the house
that you attemptednto lift prints from?
A: There was an indication that there was some type of touching
or could have been fingerprints, but it was nothing that I
could distinguish as fingerprints. '
***
“There is something here that he can actually see, if I
am COrreCto -
'~ *'k*
` estion 142 Should or could these "smears" have gathered
and sent off to the D.P.S. for analysis? If it would have been
a smear made by bloody hands it would have been obviously
collected. Why not semem? There were two semen stains on the
_sheet, so the substance was present.
-* '* '*
Ragle's Letter:
Answer 142 Re smears. Answer: Your point is well taken but in
1986 only a skilled or experienced investigator wopld have the
foresight to swab the smear on the door knob. lt should be
standard procedure today»
* * g
Evans' Lettg£:
_12l
P.P.S. LABORATORY RESULTS:
Hair Analysis:¢
»Enclosed with these questions is the previously mentioned
packet of D.P.S. related documents I've titled, "D.P.S.
File, L2H-54833". lt is 22 pages, including their cover sheet.
At my request, this information was sent to me by the General
Counsel'stssistant, Ms. Pamela Smith, (Austin), in March
This packet/contains. in part, the Hair Results of the
comparison tests run against my hairs and those found at the
crime scene and found on the victim, Ms. Stryker, in the
-sexual assault kit. `
As already mentioned, this Statement of Facts has been
greatly edited, and in some places it now shows statements'
being made that didn't even occur. ~ ' '
Ms. Stryker stated in my trial that she had been divorced
from her husband for nearly two years, and that"she'd not had
sex with anyone in two years,"(S.F. Vol. III, page 312 lines
24»25, through page 313, lines 1-8), and that"no person had
so much as walked into the bedroom portion of her apartment
in those two years, (edited out)." `
I shopid mention at this point that Ms. Stryker stated
that her front door was locked when she went to sleep, yet
no person with access to a copy of the keys wererconsidered.'
Did her ex-husband have a key? The security guy?
All of the evidence gathered at the scene was believed by
the police to be the link between Ms. Stryker's assailant and
the crime. This belief was supported by Ms. Stryker's statement
that only the assailant had been in her bedroom:in nearly two
years; From a police point of view, this should be the ideal
crime scene for linking evidence to an assailant. Only.Ms.
Stryker and her assailant had been in the room in two years.
Hairs,/fibers, fecal and semen stained sheets, were all
sent to the_D.P}S. for analysis, and when none of it was
linked to me in any way, the State and its officials changed
up their "words" and went around their original belief that
it would be a link to the assailant. I was the only suspect-
and they made no attempt to follow up on anythingfcontraryu
to their belief that I committed this crime. '
As mentioned, the D.P.S. Chemist, Ms. Sondra Denney, did
testify in my trial,.but the Hair Specialistl Mr. Randy Snyder,
did not. I've also found a case-in the law books where the
chemist was allowed to testify for a hair specialist, just like‘
my case, which was reversed because of this, and the guy's name
is 'Warren' R. Snyder, (please see Cole v. State, 839 S.W.Zd
798(Tex.Crim.App.1992)). I've considered the possibility that
this hearsay testimony given by Ms. Denney was edited because
_13-
of this case, 'rhé£ someone has tried to hide ;i£.
At any rate, I'had a right to have a hair specialist
there to testify in my behalf, and because of that, this is
probably the single most valuable group of questions I am
asking outside of Ms. Denney's perjury.
***
ggestion 1 : Based on the enclosed hair results, found in
D.P.S._File, pages 17-22, does there appear to be any hairs
not similar to the victim's or my own, that should have been
followed up on by the police? '
***
Ragle's Letter:
Answer 15: Re hair follow up. Answer; In 1986, until there was
another suspect, un-excluded hair had no great value. Today, it
is possible to identify one or two forms of DNA in hair. What is
important here is that none of the hairs matched you so there
were hairs that didn't belong to you or the victim, if I ready
your info.correctly. So, someone else, male or female, was in
that bed during or before the assault. Today, if there is tissue
(skinrcells) on the root, the sex of the donor could be
established.
**'l"
EVanS’?Lett€r!
Some of the hairs were Macro compared, but not Micro
compared. I'm not sure why; but l presume that they were not
Micro compared to mine because they were obviously not
similar. l can understand this. But; some of the hairs were
also Macro similar to Ms. Stryker's, and not Micro compared.
lt seems to me that Macro similar hair should be a reason for
Micro comparing; to_make sure. Some of these head hairs are
even longer than my known hairs, and shorter than the victim's
known hairs, (please see D.P.S. File, page 18, Item 7/J).
' **'k
guestion 165 Should any of the hairs that were Macro compared,
have also been Micro compared? --
~*** `
Ragle'S Letter:
Answer 16: Re Micro exams-of the hairs. Answer: Yes, if they
lappear similar to one of the key people. It appears that the hair
expert did properly examine all of the hairs and you were ppg a'
donor. The DA confused this clear picture with his misstatement
of fact in his question to Denney. !n my non-ggalified opinion
that alone should have got you a new trial, solely on that
~prosecutorial error.
’ - * *.g d
Evans! Letter:
_14_
Enclosed with these questions are a condensed version
of some of the issues l am raising in a Texas Writ Of Habeas
Corpus, (T.C.C.P. article 11.07),_under.my ineffective
assistance of appeal counsel issue. They are titled:
a. Factually Insufficient Evidence;
b. Identity, which is the identity portion of the Factually
Insufficient Evidence issuez
'c. Chain Of Custody on the Eyeglasses,(because it further
addressees this item of evidence);
d. Suggestive Photographic & Physical Identification
Procedures, (which shows the steps to my being arrested
and identified)
***
These 36 pages have been included to aid you in
answering this Question 17. lf my lawyer can get the whole,
unedited version of my trial, then I will try to have that
forwarded to you because it will be more specific.
***
guestion 17:
Based upon your professional experience can you please
give an opinion of the value of the hair results? In other
words, what type of impact would a hair expert defense
witness have had on a jury, under these facts of evidence,
if one would have testified? Could a'reasonable doubt' have
been put in the jury mind about my being the assailant, based
upon the hair results? Should these hairs, gathered under the
conditions previously detailed, have positively excluded me 4
as the assailant? '
Though edited out of this record, Ms. Denney, the D.P.S.
§roins of two people having sex. To my untrained mind, Mr.
Snyder, the/D.P.S. Hair Specialist, makes it look as if my
hair is unique because of'the looping and triangular segment
.¢hat is not found in any of these_other hairs.
In your book you state that hairs can occasionally be
raised to the level of a print. To my mind, here are all of
~these "prints", believed to be the link to the assailantz
(until not linkednto me), and they were¢ignored by the police.
They were found either on the head and groin of a person who
had not had sex in two years, or in a bed where no person had
`been in two years. ,
_ How strong of an impact should the hair specialist's
statement that "No hair(pubic or head) similar to suspect' s
hair present.", have made on the jury if spoken by an expert
with firsthand knowledge of the reasons for this' onclusion?
To me this is like undisputable evidence. If it would have
-15-
"."U.;':f
Chemist, stated that a hair is always going to be pulled from the ;¢;:
been hair "similar" to mine, that fact would have been the
dominating point made by the Statento justify convicting me.
(Please remember that I am asking this from a June-October
1986 perspective.)
*'k*
Ragle's Letter:
Answer 17: Re calling the hair expert. Answer: absolutely, you
'should have been allowed to call Snyder. His factual report was
entered into the record by your attorney and Denney said, at
_ least twice, you were excluded as being a source of the hairs,
but then the DA did another questionable trick. After he got
Denney to answer his tricky question re his stating "Evans' hair
found at thefcrime scene" he dropped another bomb, asking the
question about pulling a hair from you now and then later
comparing a known hair (from you). He asked, isn't it true
that the most one could say is the hairs could have/come from-
him (Evans)?
That was true at the time, matching hairs in every possible
.test were not an absolute:identification. ls he trying to
confuse the jury into pglieving that exclusion is not gp§olute?
And then he mentions your blond hair for no apparent reason.
This entire line of questioning should have been”challenged.
'k**
AND FROM PAGE ONE OF RAGLE'S LETTER:
Perhaps the most shocking statement in the transcript is found
on your page 387, line 4, where Mr. Stover recalls Denney's testimony i*
45 minutes earlier and concludes, "....hairs submitted to you
that were collected at the scene that belonged to Thomas Evans."
How did he get away with that?
***
My over-all impression is, you are a victim of, l. Ill prepared
investigator's who failed to process the scene properly,_
2. Serious defects in the manner in which the physical evidence
was handled and the results presented in’court, and 3.-A
prosecutor who misstated somejcritical issues.
***
'-16-
EMPLOYMENT Curriculum Vitae
101le L. aARRY) RAGLE
FoRENSIc sCIENCE coNsULTANT'
EDUCATION ‘
University- of California, Berkeley, Bachelors of Science, 1959
Major-Criminalistics
California Peace Othcer's Training Academy, 1957
EMPLOYMENT _
1990-2006 Center for the Forensic Sciences - Consultant in:
Management
Facility Design
Needs Assessments
Case Review
Tria] Preparation '
1976-1989 Orange County Sheriff-Coroner' s Departrnent, California
Director of Forensic Sciences
Directed the activities of the Crimina]istics Laboratory, Toxicology
Laboratory, Coroner's Investigations and Pathology Section,
Identification and Scientitic Crime Scene Investigations and the CAL-ID,
AFIS/A_LPS- t
1960-1976 Orange County Sheriff-Coroner's Department California
Criminalist
Responslble for evidence examination in a variety of crimes, crime
scene evaluation testimony and interpretation of evidence for the
Grand Jury and in Mum`cipa\, Superior and Federa] Courts.
1956-1960 City of Berkeley, California
Patrolman/Investigator
1'1
SPECIFIC EXPERIENCE
Criminal Investigation
Crime Scene Irwestigation
Laboratory evidence evaluation
Case management
Case review _
Day to day laboratory operations
Evidence security and control
Evidence handling and chain of control (possess_ion)
Courtroom testimony
Forensic Science training programs
Laboratory management
Laboratory safety
Laboratory Inforniation systems
Automated fingerprint systems
Laboratory design '
FACILITY FLANNING, NE'EDS ASSESSMENTS AND CONSULT!NG
1977-1985 Orange County Sheriff- Coroner's, California
Planning, construction and operation
1985-1989 Orange County Sheriff-Coroner's, Califomia
Planning new facility (18.9,00_0. sq,, fi)_
1989-1990 Hut'ton Development, Santa Ana, California
Space Planning
1991-1992 San..Diego` Regional Forensic Laboratory, California
Needs Assessment
1991-date Titan Corporation, San Diego, Cah`fornia
Development - Laboratory Int`ormation Management System
1992-1992 Contra Costa County Sheiiff-Coronei‘s Deparnnent, California
Regional Needs Assessment
,1_9
' PRGFESSIONAL ORG`ANIZATI()NS
California Assoeiation of Criminaiists
President 1973
American Academy of Forensic Sciences
Fellow
Califomia Association of Crime Laboratory Directors
Emeritus
American S.ociety of Crime Laboratory Directors.
APPOINTMENTS
1986-1989 Caiifofnia Crimina}istics- lnstitute Advisory~ Committee
California Department of`Justice
1986-1989 CAL-ID RAN- Operational Advisory Committee
California Department of Justice
1985-1989 California State`Epidemiology Work Group
California Department of Health
1987-1989 Forensic S.cience Op_erations anilPro.gram Committee
Federai Burean of Investigation _
1988-1989 Attorney General's DNA Advisory Board
CaliforniaDepartment of lustice
LICENSES A'Nn CERTIFICATES
State of Caiit`ornia, Commission on Peace OFHcer's~ Standards- and
"I'rai`m`ng- Advanced Certificate
Stateof Ca}ifornia-, Department- of Healtii
Licensed Supervising BIood AIcohol Analyst 1966-1989
State of California~, Department of Edncation
Life Time Specia} Designated Teaching Certificate
10
California Association of Criminalists
Certiiicate of Professional Competency 1989-1994
TEACH]NG AFFILIATIONS
'1 968 to 2006 California State University, Long 'Beac'h, Center for Ciiminal
~Justice. Lecturer - Forensic Sciences , Crime Scene bivestigation._
1988 to 2002 University of 'Caiifornia, irvine Extension. "Lecturer -- Forensic
Science. '
1970 to 1976 Califomia State University at Long Beach, Assistant Professor,
~Ciiminaiistics ._P-rogram.
1978 to 1984 Westem State Universit_y of Law, Lecturer, Forensic Sciences.
1974 to 1978 State of California, Arson Investiga_tion Training,,Monterey_,__Ca.
Ci'ime'Scene Investi_gation.
1964 to 1970 Riverside City College, Lecturer, Criminal lnvestigation, Crime
Scene hivestigation
TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS
-AND ST-UDIES.
Ragle, J.L,, Exlraction ofAmphemminef‘om Urine,, California Association of
Criminalists, Semi Annual Meeting, 1963. `
Ragle, J.L., Eta], Physical Evidence Manual, F ederal Grant, Sections on
Classification Of Evidence, Crime Scene Documentation. 1976. ~
Kenny, .lohn, Editor, E_ta], Principles of Criminal Investigation, Eagan, Min'nesota,
West Publications,1979.Ragle,J.L.,C11apter on Forensic Science and Crime '
Scene Investigation
Ragle, J.L., The Falsg`fication ovaidence, Fingerprints Don't Lie?, American
_Academy of Forensic Sciences, Annual Meeting, 1980.
'!{\
Ragle, J.L., Suchey, J. , A Human Jig Saw Puzzle Match, American Acadcmy of
Forensic Sciences, Annual Meeting, 1985.
Ragle, J.L., The Elusive Elastz°c Crime Laboratory, Presented to the American-
Society of Laboratory Directors. FBI Acadeiny, 1989.
Ragle, J.L., Togneri, E. N. , Nee¢is' Assessment and . Mcmagement Stuafv,
Consolidation of the San Diego Police, Sherg'@"s and Medical Examiner's
Laboratories, Ruth and Going, 1992. '
Ragle, J.L., Togneri, E. N., Needs Assessmentfor a Regional Forensic Laboratory,
Contra Costa Counly, Calij?)rnia. 1992 ,
Ragle, J.L., Crime Scenes, The Value of Forensic Science, (tentative title) New
York, Morrow / Avon, In publication, to be released October 1995 .
’)1
n
I have read pages 1 through 16 prepared by Thomas Evans and have reviewed my
original document of 4-7-04` sent to Mr. Evans. Each answer attributed to ine, #l to #17 is
taken, word for word, from the document of 4-7-04 that I prepared in response to his
questions in an earlier letter. He has accurately positioned each answer, except answer
#11 (see below), in relation to a question These questions are in Mr. Evans’ own words
and are based on information from assorted documents (reports and transcripts) relating
to his arrest and trial 1 have read those documents and believe each question is relevant
based on my recollection of the facts, although I cannot attest to the absolute accuracy of
Mr. Evans’ narratives between my answer and the next question
All of the answers and statements attributed to me are based on my experience as a peace
officer and a forensic scientist I have examined similar cases. I have testiiied in
California courts hundreds of times on a wide variety of crimes with absolute coanence
that the lab results and the testimony given were fair and accurate
Answer #l l- Re backs of reports: Answer. Absolutely. If this is a discovery order you
should receive every written document that could implicate or exonerate you, both sides
of all written notes
SUBSCR[BED AND SWORN TO BEFORE NIE on / /3 ] b ` ,2008,
to certify which witness my hand and seal of oflice. /
\
Notary Public
State of California
00%,_,.4-\1 ‘ Cr¢,`¢\i g
.22 _
grant N{
cma/§§ nw
cAUsE No. 19,180 b
APPELLATE NO. OQ-S€-OGZ§CWCR
P.D.R. CASE NO¢ 1382-88
PORTION OF STATEMENT OF FACTS
VOLUME IIIL PAGES: 365-389
Sondra Denney's Cogpiete Testimonv:
`365-373, Direct.Examtnation.
373-386, Cross¥Examinatfon.
387-388, Redirect Examination.
389, Recross~Examination.
I do hereby certify that the following 750 pages are
true and correct copies of the Index To I`nstruments,
Volume One and Two, Opinion "Convi_cted", Opinion
"Delivered", Hearing On Motion For Indigency,
Transcript of Trial, Brief For Appellant, Brief For The
State, Appellant's Motion For Rehearing, Appellant
Petition for Discretionary Review and the State's
- Response T0 Appellant's Petition For Discretionary
Review for Case No. 09-86-00240-CR, in'the Court of
Civil Appeals for the Ninth Supreme Judicial District of
Texas at Beaum_ont, The State Of Texas vs. Thomas Lee
Evans, now on file in the Sam Houstor`i Regional Library
.& Research C enter of the Archives & Information
Services Division of the Texas State Library & Archives
Commission.
Witness my hand and Seal of Office at Liberty, Texas
on the 8th day of July, 2002. .
x,// /
'-Z/l.~"
obert Schaadt, Directh
Sam Houston Regional Library & Research Center
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§QNDRA DENNEY,
a witness, called by the State, having been first duly
was examined and testified upon her oath as
sworn,
followsi
DIRECT EXAMINATION
BY MR. STOVER:
Q. Would you state your name to the ladies and
gentlemen of the jury, please?
»Sondra Denney.
How are you employed, Ms. Denney?
I'm employed as a chemist by the Texas Department
of Public Safety Laboratory_in Houston.
What training or education do you have to qualify
you for the position you now hold?
I have a Bachelor's of Science Degree in
Chemistry, in addition to which I've undergone
on-the-job training both at the Houston folice
Department Crime Lab and the Texas Department of
Public Safety Lab in Austin, in addition to which
I've attended school, The Bladter Serology
Research Institute in California and FBI Academy
in Virginia,
How long did you work for the Houston Police
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Crime Lab?
For almost three years.
What years were those, do you remember?
Let's see, that would be, I believe it was 1981
through 19 -- of 1983.
Who was the director of the crime lab when you
started work there?
Floyd McDonald.
And is Floyd McDonald one of the recognized
lexperts in the field of chemistry and toxicology
'Inwthé”pUIiCéma§p&?fmé§t…thf§d§H§UfNEH§WE§UHEYY?FMM"WMH
To my knowledge, he is.
And did Mr. McDonald leave during the period you
were there?
vYes,_he did.
Did Pete Christian then become the director of
the lab?
Yes.
Did you receive on-the-job personal instruction
from both of those recognized expert32
Not at that time.
Did you later -- or what type of training did you
receive while you were working there?
I received instruction from the head serologist
of the laboratory.
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What type of work did you do there?
Serology.
_Would you explain to the jury what serology is?
Serology_is the analysis of body fluid stains to
determine the type of stains, i.e., semen or
blood or saliva. In other words, what sort of
fluid it contains, and also to determine the/
`origin as being human origina. And, also, to
determine genetic markings present in the stain.
Would you explain to the jury what you just said,
please, so they -- I'm~not real_sure I
-understood; so, let's start again.
You examine blood stains, serology?
I examine all`sort of blood fluid stains.
Blood, -- including, blood, saliva, semen or any_
lother body fluids.
When you say "blood," do you do-a test to
determine the blood type?
YeS.
And when you find seminal stainsy what can you
learn from examining a seminal stain?
You can determine in some cases ABO blood group,
and also determine a couple of other genetic
markers, provided that the stain is strong
enough.
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JUU
Do you do the same type of work for the Texas
Department of Public Safety?
Yes, I do.
I believe you said you worked in the Houston
'office?
_Yes.
Did you have an-occasion to examine some evidence
submitted by Detective Eva Camp from the
Montgomery County Sheriff's Department?
Yes, I.did, n v
Do you have a case number on that?
Do you want her case number or my case number?
Both of them.
The Montgomery Sheriffls Department number is
86-14560, and my laboratory No. is L2H-54833.
;Do you have a list of the items that were
submitted to you for examination?
Yes, I do.
And what would that list consist of?
_The original evidence consisted of a toothbrush,
a fiber sample, two hair samples, a fitted
bedsheet, a flat bedsheet, a sexual assault
evidence kit from the victim, a pair of sweat
pants, a sweat shirt and a white paper sheet
which was used to collect the victim's clothing
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in.
Did you at a later time receive further items of
_ evidence from Detective Camp?
Yes, I did.
And what were these items?
The additional evidence submitted included a
blood sample, some apparent oral smears, a pubic
hair sample, and head hair sample from the
suspect,
That would have been the suspect, Thomas Evans?
Yes.
What type of analysis were you asked to perform
on these items of evidence that were submitted,
or what type of test wene`you asked to perform?
On the items originally submitted, we were asked
v to determine the presence of semen or seminal_
stains, or any type of foreign trace of evidence,
Did you have an occasion to perform a test upon
the-fitted bedsheet, either 5A or 5B?
Yes, I did perform a test on 5A, which was the
fitted bedsheetig
And would you tell the jury just what that test
showed you?_ l v
The preliminary test from a couple of stains on
the bedsheet indicated the presence of semen,
,)
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370
.The stains were collected and l ran what is
called the P30 test. P30 is a substance which is
found, exclusively found in semen and not in any
other substance. It is a test which is specific
for semen. And there was P30 present in the two
stains on the bedsheet, which would indicate the
presence of semen in those stains.
And this is seminal fluid that comes from a male?
YeS.
Did you run any further tests or were you asked
ito run any further tests?
'Yes, I did¢ I made an attempt to determine the
ABO blood group of the semen present.
Was there sufficient semen present to make this
(
Ttest or to give you a positive or negative~
reading On it?
The test was inconclusive. And I also attempted
to determine the amount of semen present. From
the determination of the amount of semen
present, I concluded that there was not enough
semen for the test to be conclusive one way or'
another. There has to be a certain amount of
semen present in order to determine ABO blood
group or genetic markers.
So, I gather, based on the test that you ran on
ft
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the stains on the bedsheet, the only thing that
you can conclusively tell this jury is that there
was seminal fluid present; is that correct?
That's correct.
But you could not tell them the blood group of
the person that the seminal fluid came from?
That is correct-
Now, were any tests done by the DPS on any of the
hairs that were submitted?
_ Yes, there were.
And you were submitted known head hairs and known
pubic hair samples of the Defendant, Thomas
Evans; is thatycorrect?
Yes.
And the tests and comparisons that were made_of'
the other hairs, were any hairs found that you
could conclusively_say belonged to Thomas Evans?
NO.'
Were there any tests run to determine whether the
hairs belonged to Maury Stryker?
No, there were not.
So, the tests that were run, the only thing you
can conclusively tell this jury is that the hair
samples that were submitted that were collected
at Maury's_apartment did not belong to this
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J/Z
Defendant?
That's correct.
But you don't know who they belong to?
Thatis correct.
And there was seminal fluid present on the sheet,
but there wasn't enough there to tell you the
blood type of the person that ejaculated the
semen; is that correct?
That is correct.
Did you do any other type of tests that I haven't
asked you about?7
l did perform tests on the vaginal, anal and oral
specimen from the sexual assault kit.
Okay. 'Did any of those tests show the presence
of'seminal.fluid?
'None of these tests showed the presence of
seminal fluid.
If the person did not have an ejaculation,
though, would that surprise you to be negative?
If there was no ejaculation in any of these
areas, it would not be surprising.
That's all my questions. Thank you very much,
Ms. Denney. The Defense, Ifm sure, will have
questions for you also.
MS. LUEDICKE: Your Honor, may l take
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BY
MS.
just a moment to look this over?
THE couRT= 4Uh--huh.
cRoss-ExAminATrQn
LUEDICKE:
Ms. Denney, in connection with your analyses of
the evidence submitted to you in connection with
this case, did you prepare any other reports
other than this criminalistic report which was
submitted to the Prosecutor here? Do you have
some other records with you?
Pardon?
Do you have other records with you?`
vOnly my laboratory notes which are covered in the
report.
MS. LUEDICKE: May I approach the
witness,'Judge?
n THE COURT: YeS.
(By Ms. Luedickel Ms. Denney, may I see those
notes, please? Are these legible?
l They're legible. t don't know if you can
interpret them. (Handing to Ms. Luedicke.)
THE COURT: Do you want to review
those?
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374
Q.
Would the jury please go back to the
jury room.
(Jury leaves.)
(Jury returns.)
MS. LUEDICKE: Your Honor, may I
approach the witness?
THE coURT: Yes.
(By Ms. Luedicke) Ms. Denney7 I'm going to hand
you items that have been marked Defense Exhibits
No. 3 through 10 for identification, and ask if
you can identify them?
Yes,'I can.
And what are they?
Exhibit 3 through 6 are work sheets which we use'
in the Serology Department of the laboratory,
which I used primarily in this case, which would
be serology examination sheets for all the items
of evidence,
And are those reports written in your
handwriting?
-'f£i',`;
Were they prepared by you in connection with your
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investigation of this case?
.Yes. l
Were these prepared by you at the time of your
investigation and analyses in this case?_
Yes.
'And`the next exhibit2
Exhibits 7 and 0 are my copies of the official
report in this case,
Was that a report prepared by you in your office
in connection with this case?
Yes, it was.'~
Was it prepared in connection with your analyses
of the chemical work that you did in evidence in
this case?
'Yes-
And Exhibit 9, is that --
Exhibit 9 is a handwritten copy of the hair
result, which would be put into the case report,
which were prepared by the hair expert who
analyzed the hairs.
Was that also prepared in connection with this
case?
Yes, it was.
Was it prepared by you?
-It was prepared by Randy Snyder, He's our hair
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examinations expert.
Has that been in your file since it was prepared?
Yes.
As part of your case report?
Yes.
And Exhibit No. 10, what is that?
These are Randy`Synder's personal notes that he
prepared at the time he was performing the hair
examinations.
And are those notes, have they been in the case
file since the time of their preparation?'
Yes. l
And were they prepared at the time of the
.examination and analyses in the case?
YeS._
MS. LUEDICKE: Your Honor, we'll
offer into evidence Defendant's Exhibit 3
through lO. d
MR. STOVER: May we approach then
bench, please, Your Honor?
THE COURT: YeS.
MR. sTovER= Your Honor, the state
has no objection to Defendant's Exhibit 3,
4, 5 and 6, and although I think Exhibit
No. 7 is -- 7 and 8_are just absolutely
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377
rank hearsay, I have no objection to them.
But Defendant'S Exhibit 9 and 10, as the
witness has testified, are handwritten
notes prepared by somebody else, It is
hearsay, and I object to that on that'
basis. And these are not reports made by
her or anyone under her directionr n
MSr LbEDICKE; Your Honor, if she's
testified as to the hair samples and
'analysis of the hair sample, analysis
tests.¥-
Your Honor, we have subpoenaed Roy
Snyder."
THE COURT: Overruled. It will all
be admitted§- 1
MR. STOVER: .Thank you, Judge.
(Defendant's Exhibit Nos. 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9 and lO were admitted into
evidence.)
Q, (By Ms. Luedicke) Ms. Denney, I'm going to hand
you Defense Exhibit 3 and again ask if you would
explain for the jury's benefit exactly what that
is?
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This is a sexual work sheet which we use in our
laboratory, And this was the work sheet that I
used when I was examining the items of evidence
in the victimis sexual assault evidence kit. It
is a listing of the items and the corresponding
columns from left to right, are numbers of tests
that had been initially run on the sexual assault
kit items and the results of those tests, if they
were proved.
And I'd like to ask you now if you would, please,
to explain to us the entries on the sheet, the
results of the tests that you performed on it,'
starting with A.
A is a set of vaginal smears which were in the
sexual assault kit. And l looked at them under_
the microscope to attempt to see if spermatozoa,
which are male reproductive cells, male
ejaculate, are in the semen. And the results
were that there were no sperm detected on the
smears.
Continuing on, what was B?
B is a set of anal smears, which again I examined
microscopically for the presence of spermatozoa.
And no spermatozoa were prsent.
ai€ is a set of oral smears which was
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379
examined for spermatozoa, and no spermatozoa were
detected.
All right, Ms. Denney. D is vaginal swabs.
Would you explain that for the jury?
D, the vaginal swabs -# may I just demonstrate
this?
Please continue reading.
And E, anal, and F, for oral_swabs, and all three
of these items were tested for the presence of
P30, which as I explained earlier; is a component_
of semen which is exclusively found in semen. If
l had found this component P30, I Could state
that semen was present. ~
All three items tested were negative for
the presence of P30, indicating that no seminal
fluid was present bn these items.
Item No. F, the oral swabs were also tested
for amylase, which is a component of saliva, and
were found to contain amylase and therefore
determined to be conclusive. So, therefore, they
were also tested for secretor status. This was
to determine the secretor status of the victim
and it was to determine the origin nonsecretor,
meaning she does not secrete her body fluid in
her body fluid ABO blood group. A certain
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percentage of the population are secretors,
meaning you can get ABO.blood group substances
from their body fluid other than their blood, In
this case this would not be'the case,
Item G is a loose evidence collection
envelopet And this is usually used.to collect
any loose evidence which is found on the body at
the time of the doctor's examination. There were
four pubic hairs recovered from this envelope.
Item H is a pulled pubic hair sample of the
victim. ` l 1 d
iAnd Item I-is a pulled head hair sample.
Item J is a loose head hair sample from the
victim, whichl again, is usually selected from
the victim's scalp at the time of the examination
'by the doctor.
Item K is a nasal sample.
Item L is a blood sample from the victim,
which l determined to be Type O. n
Items M and N are right and left-hand
fingernail scrapings which contain soil and no
significant trace of evidence.
When you say "fingernail scrapings," are thosej`
taken from the victim?
Yes.
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For what purpose do you analyze those?
_In some cases, and I would say relatively few,
you can find important traces of evidence in
fingernail scrapings, such as blood or the tissue
samples, if she may have scraped the assailant;
or sometimes find microscopic_fibers which can be
linked back to the assailant.
And there was none in this case?
-That's correct.
Returning to the Item H, pulled pubic hair. Am l
'correct, was that hair that was found at the
_scene?
No; That would be hair that would be pulled from
the victim,
From the victim. Would you please read to the
jury the description of that hair that you have
on your report.
This is a microscopic examination for my notes,
not by any means a hair comparison. You must --
broken, slightly kinky and curly.
Pulled hair, Item I. That is also from the
victim?
HYes.
All right, And would you read the description of~ :;
that hair?
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dusted roughly and it contains one small red"f“
Brown, dark brown, straight and medium in length.
Okay. Item J is loose head hair. Was that also
from the victim§.
Yes.jfThereiwere°a.fewahairsuthat_were
imicroscopically similar to the victim's head
hair.
And I believe one-that says nasal sample. Would
_you explain that?*
Yes§ Nasal sample is something that was included
originally in this particular rape kitr This is
a prepacked rape kit and it has since been
dropped from the rape kit. It is not used and
not working out the way it is supposed to work.
In other words, it has no real value. But these
kits are obviously older kits which still had
them, and any instructions to take samples; so,
the doctor took it.
Ms. benney, Defense Exhibit No. 4, would you
please read to the jury each of those entries?
No, l_ispa light brown toothbrush on handle Omni
2. -Ifm~sorry, O-N-N 2. There was no trace of
evidence detected'on this item.
. Item No. 2 is an envelope which was lab ¢'1
fiber.
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Item No. 3 is an envelope labeled "pillow
sham," which contains one broken curly, possible
pubic hair. nn
'Item No. 4 is a Ziplocbag containing a few
broken, curly, kinky;¢appatent pubic hairs,
Item 5A.is an off-white fitted_bedsheet.
And Item.dr'there are two stains on this
bedsheet, which I tested for both acid
phospatase, which is a preliminary screening test
for semen and P30, which is mentioned earlier,7
which was positive{
'The inhibition test mentioned on here is,
again, the determination of secretor status of
the stains and the results on this were
inconclusive. .There were a few hairs -- l'm
sorry, the wrong one. _
5B is an off-white, flat bedsheet with
eyelet trim, and there were a few hairs recovered
from this bedsheet,
Were any analyses run on the hairs that were
recovered from the bedsheet?
Yes, they were. That would be in the hair
results.
Okay.
w
This is only the preliminary result of the
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364
serology report and collection of evidence.
Okay.v Defense Exhibit No. 5?
Item No. 6A is a blood sample from the suspect,
Thomas Lee Evansr;:It was found to be blood Group
A.H
l"at-And.I'temlNc`:)-i"§.*dB»-:":~-:?-ar-e some smears which are
labeled "oral:"‘ Thé§e WaS no P30 Present.. I ran
this test primarily because the submission test
semen.sample was present, and I could not find a
semen sample. And assuming this might be a semen
sample in that case inhibition test, again, a
test to ABO blood group of detected and against A`
`and H. Type A secreted, which told me that the
suspect is a Type A secretor.
Again, on this I ran the amylase test,
_This is to determine the component of saliva.
,And I found a large amount of amylase was
present, indicating a fairly strong dilution of
saliva.
. l also microscopically observed smears
'.again¢ just to determine that they were indeed
lnot seminal stains, and determined no sperm where
'presentY
6¢ is a pulled pubic -- pulled pubic hair
sample from the suspect, Thomas Lee Evans,y'¢1.§ji£i¥
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microscopically observed, blond and curly,
6D is a-pulled head hair of the suspect,
Thomas Lee Evans; which is microscopically
determined to be blends very fine, and some
slightly-wavy;
'Defense Exhibit 9, case report handwritten on,
was that the hair.analysis?'
Yes.V
Would you please_read the contents of that to the
jury?
'No hair present in Items 3, 4, 5A, 5B or 8 that
was similar to the suspectis pubic or head hair.
Ms. Denneyi befense Exhibit No. 10 are
handwritten notes regarding hair analysis done in
this case; is that correct?
Yes.e n n
/
From those notes, can you determine whether or
. not an analysis was run on the hairs that were
found at the scene.of the offense and hairs taken
from the accused, Thomas Evans?
Yes.
' /
'And»what_were the results of those tests?
'Excuse me.`.As l said, the notes are just his
'notes. And they do not contain a conclusion that
I can see, that I do see some evidence that the_
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hairs were indeedtcompared, but an analyst's
notes are generally readable to one analyst, if
you understand w_l t I' m saying. In other words,
ms lf for this case.
suspect' s hair present, but that' s the only
conclusion there 1s., No analysis of his notes.'
But it does say there is no hair of the -- of Mr.
Evans similar to that found, either pubic or head
hairr as to that which was found at the scene of
I'wouldi;ssume:soi'
I'm sorryf I Can't jj I didn't hear what you
said.
l would assume sor% I can't interpret his notes
for you, I'm sorry.; v
=MS; LUEDICKE: Pass the witness,
-}dJudge,
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BY MR.
Q§
REDLREQT EXAMINATION
sTovnRz
Ms. 0 enney, jus isc there won't be any question.'
I think that you testified on direct examination
about 45 minutes ago that the analysis that was
run there was done of the hairs submitted to you
that were collected at the scene that belonged to
Thomas Bvans; is that correct?
That is correct.
'Now, just for curiosity's sake, let's assume that
l went over and pulled a head hair from Thomas
Evans and stuck it in an envelope and didn't tell
you who that head hair belonged to, and then you
went over a week or a month later and pulled a
head hair from Thomas Evans; so, you had a hair
in your hand that you knew came from his head.
And when you made that comparison, what could you
actually tell the jury?
In a hair comparison case, it's generally a
"matter of excluding someone from having
contributed the hair. _The strongest statement
`which can be made in a hair comparison case,
something to the effect if the hairs match my
copy, that they could have come from a common
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origin.
Could have?
-Could'have.
So; even under the conditions that I named where
I know that I took one hair from him and you know'
7I took the other hair from him and you later
compared them, the strongest statement you'd be
able to make scientifically is that they both
could have come from_him?
That's correct.- l
Okay. -And I believe you said that the known head
hair that was taken from Thomas Evans was
described in-the notes as blond and slightly
wavy; is that correct?
Yes.
Thank you very much, That's all my questions.
Ms. Denney, I appreciate you coming down.
.~~»`~ »-»--~ r\l-»\r\
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REgRQs§-EXAMLNAILQN
BY MS.~LUEDICKSE
Q.
Ms. Denney, I believe when Mr. Stover asked you
_about comparing hair samples from the same
person; the best you will be able to trace is
perhaps similar origin?
That*s correct."
However, I also understood you to say if they did
not come from the same origin, you could
positively exclude one_from the other; is that
correct?
That's correct; if the microscopic
characteristics were obviously dissimilar.
And_is it your conclusion from the
notes that you have available to you that Mr.
Evans*.hair is excluded from possibly being that
-that was found at the scene of the offense?
Thath correct.
MS. LUEDICKE: Pass the witness.
v 'MR. STOVER: I have no further
questions. Thank you for coming down, Ms.
Denney.
. j-)
' -.
Eiuts '
A'rroRNEYs& CouNsELc°)RsAT LAW
Mr. Thomas Lee Evans
TDCJ #435211
Beaumont, TX 77705-7635
Attention: Thomas Lee Evans
Attornev-Client Correspondence
January 2, 2004
Re: Writ for DNA Testinq. Update
Progress on your f le 1s slow l have read through the entire clerk’s f le There appears to oe a lot 1
of documents which are missing or never1 f led _
`l have also spoken to some of the attorneys involved in the'case. Rick Stover the prosecutor, had
a very good memory cf your case, He voiced his opinions. However, he just passed away
recently. Jimmy Price your appellate lawyer has no recollection of your case. He is not
cooperative at this time.
lt appears you may have a ineffective assistance of counsel claim against Jimm
Apparently, your app e lawyer wrote the brief for your appeal with only a partial statement o ’
facts from the c reporter His only point of error was the parol instruction l don't know the
reasons, bu question how a lawyer can write an appeal with all valid claims with only the
statement f facts from the punishment stage. lf you had any valid errors during the guilt
innocens stage then he would never know , v
l still need mo o locate evidence and org
4 a valid argument to the
Court for retesting`. Today l was submitted the court reporter's record. '
‘A‘s" for your'vvrit; do h‘o'r do anything on that issue attl'-i'rs time Fow?ard altinforma‘t'ron to my office.'"" " " …
l will inquire from the Court if l am to assist you in that matter too. . _
urther questions please send mea letter or have someone call my omce for you, f -'-' ' - - ' ' '
Richard Nlartin P Canlas` Esq.
Texas Lomslan'a
menard Mamn P. cams ` ' '
. . . voir 281.444.7530 me w 504.525.4361
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