The opinion
Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 388
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION I
No. CV-15-764
ALBERT LEROY COOTS Opinion Delivered: September 7, 2016
CAROLYN SUE COOTS
APPELLANTS APPEAL FROM THE BENTON
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
V. [NO. CV-14-1527-5]
ALEJANDRO BANDERA HONORABLE XOLLIE DUNCAN,
SUSAN BANDERA JUDGE
APPELLEES
REVERSED
WAYMOND M. BROWN, Judge
Appellants appeal from the circuit court’s grant of appellees’ motion to dismiss their
complaint. On appeal, they argue that the circuit court erred in failing to retroactively apply
an amendment, effective July 1, 2014, clarifying Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4(i). We
reverse.
Appellants were involved in a motor-vehicle collision with a vehicle owned by
appellees, but driven by Marco Antonio Duran-Duran, in Benton County, Arkansas, on
August 22, 2009. Appellants filed their complaint on August 21, 2012 (“first complaint”).
Appellants filed a motion for extension of time to complete service of the first complaint on
December 11, 2012. The circuit court entered an order granting the motion on December
12, 2012, extending the time to perfect service until March 30, 2013. Appellants filed a
second motion for extension of time on March 29, 2013. The second motion was granted
on April 23, 2013, extending the time for service until June 30, 2013. Service was completed
on May 7, 2013. Appellant nonsuited their first complaint on November 12, 2013.
Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 388
In response to this court’s holding in Powell v. Fernandez, 1 the Arkansas Supreme
Court amended Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4(i), effective July 1, 2014. 2 Appellants
filed their complaint anew on November 12, 2014 (“second complaint”), asserting the same
claims listed in their first complaint. Appellees filed a motion to dismiss the second complaint
and a separate brief in support on March 20, 2015, on the grounds that appellants’ second
complaint was filed after the statute of limitations had expired. 3 In its May 27, 2015 order
dismissing appellants’ second complaint with prejudice, the circuit court found that “[t]he
amendment to Rule 4(i) of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure effective July 1, 2014,
does not specifically state that it should be applied retroactively. Therefore, Rule 4(i) should
not be given retroactive application.” It then found that appellants failed to perfect service
within 120 days of the date of filing of their first complaint pursuant to Arkansas Rule of
Civil Procedure Rule 4(i), and granted the appellees’ motion to dismiss. This timely appeal
followed.
Appellants argue that the circuit court erred in declining to give the 2014 amendment
to Rule 4 retroactive effect, and thereby, dismissing their second complaint. The first
1
2013 Ark. App. 595.
2
See In Re Amendments to Rules of Civil Procedure, 2014 Ark. 119.
3
The circuit court’s order granting appellants’ nonsuit was entered on November
12, 2013, at 8:58 a.m. Appellants’ second complaint was filed on November 12, 2014, at
8:59 a.m. Appellees claimed appellants’ complaint was filed one minute late; and therefore,
was outside the statute of limitations. Appellees provided no authority then, or now, for its
assertion that the statute of limitations was for exactly one year, to the minute, instead of to
the day.
2
Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 388
principle of retroactivity of legislation is that retroactivity is a matter of legislative intent. 4
The general rule is that all legislation is presumed to apply prospectively unless the legislature
expressly declares, or necessarily implies by the language used, an intent to give a statute
retroactive effect. 5 We construe court rules using the same means and canons of construction
used to interpret statutes. 6
Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4(i), in pertinent part, formerly stated the
following:
If a motion to extend is made within 120 days of the filing of the suit, the time for
service may be extended by the court upon a showing of good cause. The order
granting any such extension, however must be entered within 30 days after the
motion to extend is filed, or by the end of the 120-day period, whichever date is
later. 7
Analyzing Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4(i) in Powell, this court found the following:
There is nothing in Rule 4 that addresses allowing multiple extensions to be obtained
within the time of prior extensions—the only time limit in the rule is within 120
days of the filing of suit. Powell’s second extension was not filed within 120 days of
the filing of suit; therefore, service was defective, and the default judgment was
indeed void. 8
4
English v. Robbins, 2014 Ark. 511, at 7, 452 S.W.3d 566, 571 (citing Archer v. Sisters
of Mercy Health Sys., St. Louis, Inc., 375 Ark. 523, 294 S.W.3d 414 (2009)).
5
City of Cave Springs v. City of Rogers, 343 Ark. 652, 660, 37 S.W.3d 607, 612 (2001)
(citing Woodhaven Homes, Inc. v. Kennedy Sheet Metal Co., 304 Ark. 415, 803 S.W.2d 508
(1991); Ark. Rural Med. Pract. Student Loan & Scholarship Bd. v. Luter, 292 Ark. 259, 729
S.W.2d 402 (1987)).
6
Jackson v. Sparks Reg’l Med. Ctr., 375 Ark. 533, 537–38, 294 S.W.3d 1, 3 (2009)
(citing City of Fort Smith v. Carter, 364 Ark. 100, 216 S.W.3d 594 (2005)).
7
Ark. R. Civ. P. 4 (i)(2) (2013).
8
2013 Ark. App. 595, at 6.
3
Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 388
Thereafter, the Arkansas Supreme Court Committee on Civil Practice recommended
expedited consideration of an amendment to Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4(i) in
response to the decision in Powell. In its March 13, 2014 per curiam, the Arkansas Supreme
Court adopted the recommended amendment noting that an explanation of the amendment
appeared in the reporter’s note. 9
The reporter’s note to the 2014 amendment of Rule 4(i) states that “the subdivision
has been revised to make clear that a motion to extend the time for service is proper if filed
within 120 days of the filing of the complaint or within the time period provided by a
previous extension of time[,]” noting that while the subdivision did not address subsequent
extensions, “they have long been considered proper.” 10 The reporter’s note states that the
amendment to Rule 4(i) overruled the holding in Powell.
Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4 was amended to state the following regarding
the time limit for service:
(2) The court, upon written motion and a showing of good cause, may extend the
time for service if the motion is made within 120 days of the filing of the suit or
within the time period established by a previous extension. To be effective, an
order granting an extension must be entered within 30 days after the motion to
extend is filed, by the end of the 120-day period, or by the end of the period
established by the previous extension, whichever date is later. 11
9
See In Re Amendments to Rules of Civil Procedure, 2014 Ark. 119.
10
Citing Dougherty v. Sullivan, 318 Ark. 608, 887 S.W.2d 305 (1994). See also
Henyan v. Peek, 359 Ark. 486, 199 S.W.3d 51 (2004); Wilkins v. Food Plus, Inc., 99 Ark.
App. 64, 257 S.W.3d 107 (2007).
11
Ark. R. Civ. P. 4(i)(2) (2014).
4
Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 388
By its amendment to Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4(i), the Arkansas Supreme Court
expressly stated the previous, implicitly granted right to multiple extensions to perfect
service beyond the 120-day period from filing the suit, so long as the motion for the same
was filed before expiration of the time granted on a previous extension. Accordingly, it did
not create a new right, but clarified, as stated in the Reporter’s Note, the scope of an already-
existing right, and thereby, overruled Powell. We hold that the 2014 amendment to Arkansas
Rule of Civil Procedure 4(i) was meant to be applied retroactively and the circuit court
erred in failing to do so.
Reversed.
GLADWIN, C.J., and HOOFMAN, J., agree.
The Nixon Law Firm, by: Theresa L. Pockrus, for appellants.
Wilkinson Law Firm, by: Randall Wakefield, for appellees.
5