The opinion
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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: E.C.F., III, A IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR, PENNSYLVANIA
APPEAL OF: E.M.D., MOTHER,
No. 3824 EDA 2015
Appeal from the Order Entered November 25, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000041-2015
CP-51-DP-0000311-2013
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IN THE INTEREST OF: E.L.F., A MINOR, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
APPEAL OF: E.M.D., MOTHER,
No. 3825 EDA 2015
Appeal from the Order Entered November 25, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000042-2015
CP-51-DP-0001326-2013
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., OLSON, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED AUGUST 09, 2016
Appellant, E.M.D. (“Mother”), appeals from the orders involuntarily
terminating her parental rights to E.C.F., III (born in May of 2012) and
E.L.F. (born in June of 2013) (collectively “the Children”) pursuant to the
*Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b), and
changing the Children’s permanency goal to adoption under Section 6351 of
the Juvenile Act, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351.1 We affirm.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows:
In addition to the Children at issue, Mother has six other children, who are
not Father’s biological children. On November 26, 2001, the family first
came to the attention of the Philadelphia Department of Human Services
(“DHS”) due to allegations of Mother’s drug use around her four eldest
children. Mother’s parental rights as to her four eldest children were
involuntarily terminated on September 21, 2006. Thereafter, Mother had
two other children, C.P. and E.P., who came to the attention of DHS in June
2010 due to suspected child abuse when E.P. had an unexplained black eye.
When E.C.F., III, was born, Mother and Father were unmarried, and
were residing together with C.P. and E.P. On June 11, 2012, a Child
Protective Service (“CPS”) report alleged that Father sexually abused C.P.
On October 15, 2012, Mother and Father were arrested. Father was charged
with unlawful restraint/serious bodily injury, false imprisonment,
endangering the welfare of a child, simple assault, possession of an
instrument of a crime, and reckless endangerment, and Mother was charged
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1
Father signed voluntary relinquishments of his parental rights to the
Children, which he executed on June 25, 2015. Father is not a party to this
appeal and he has not filed a separate appeal.
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with endangering the welfare of children in connection to C.P. and E.P.
Thereafter, Mother voluntarily relinquished her parental rights to C.P. and
E.P.
On February 12, 2013, DHS learned Mother was arrested and charged
with child endangerment. On the same day, DHS obtained an Order of
Protective Custody (“OPC”) for E.C.F., III, and placed him in a foster home
through Children’s Choice. After DHS filed a dependency petition, an
adjudicatory hearing was held on April 2, 2013, whereupon E.C.F., III, was
adjudicated dependent and placed with T.S. ("Paternal Grandmother"). On
April 30, 2013, a Family Service Plan (“FSP") was developed, which set the
goal of reunification with Mother. Mother’s goals were to (1) visit
consistently with E.C.F., III; (2) obtain adequate and safe housing; (3)
participate in a mental health evaluation; and (4) comply with all treatment
recommendations including therapy. On May 1, 2013, Mother timely filed an
appeal from the order adjudicating E.C.F., III, dependent, which was upheld
by this Court on October 25, 2013. See In Re E.F., 1245 EDA 2013 (Pa.
Super. filed 10/25/14) (unpublished memorandum).
On June 25, 2013, during Mother’s criminal trial for endangering the
welfare of a child,2 the trial court learned Mother gave birth to her eighth
child, E.L.F. Because Mother did not answer truthfully to the trial court’s
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2
Mother was acquitted of the charge.
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inquiry as to E.L.F.’s whereabouts, the trial court ordered DHS to file an OPC
for E.L.F., committing E.L.F. to the custody of DHS. On June 27, 2013, the
trial court conducted a shelter hearing and lifted the OPC. The trial court
found that it was in E.L.F.’s best interest to remain in DHS’s care. Following
the hearing, E.L.F. was placed in Paternal Grandmother’s home with E.C.F.,
III. On July 2, 2013, DHS filed a dependency petition. The trial court held
an adjudicatory hearing on September 17, 2013, at which time E.L.F. was
adjudicated dependent. On October 17, 2013, Mother timely filed an appeal
from the order adjudicating E.L.F. dependent, which was upheld by this
Court on May 16, 2014. See In Re E.F., 2829 EDA 2013 (Pa. Super. filed
5/16/14) (unpublished memorandum).
On October 23, 2013, Mother participated in a parenting capacity
evaluation, which recommended Mother participate in individual therapy,
obtain appropriate housing, and maintain employment and appropriate child
care resources. On December 4, 2013, a revised FSP was developed with a
goal of reunification. Mother’s objectives were the same as those included in
the FSP from April 30, 2013. At a permanency hearing on April 22, 2014,
Mother was found fully compliant with her FSP goals. At the subsequent
permanency hearing on July 21, 2014, Mother was found substantially
compliant.
On September 15, 2014, a Single Case Plan ("SCP") was developed.
Under this plan, Mother’s goals were to (1) attend family school with the
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Children; (2) attend therapy; and (3) attend weekly-supervised visits with
the Children. At the September 30, 2014, permanency review, Mother was
found substantially compliant with these goals. At the February 2, 2015,
hearing, Mother was found only moderately compliant with her goals.
Because of the length of time the Children had been in DHS’s care, the trial
court instructed DHS to file petitions to terminate the parental rights of
Mother and Father. On the same day, DHS filed petitions to change the goal
to adoption and to involuntarily terminate Mother’s and Father’s parental
rights to the Children.
On June 3, 2015, June 25, 2015, August 20, 2015, October 21, 2015,
and November 25, 2015, the trial court held hearings on DHS’s termination
petitions as well as other related petitions filed by Mother. The trial court
heard testimony from (1) Mother; (2) Lindsey Garrett, DHS social worker;
(3) Tracy O’Donnell, Community Umbrella Agency (“CUA”) case manager
from Turning Points; (4) Madera Mohammed, CUA permanency specialist
from Turning Points; (5) Dr. Erica Williams, Director of Forensic Interviewing
at Assessment and Treatment Alternatives; (6) Daylynn Ross, Family
Support social service worker; and (7) Maureen Townsend, licensed clinical
social worker at Warren A. Smith. On November 25, 2015, the trial court
entered the orders that terminated Mother’s parental rights to the Children
and changed their permanency goals to adoption.
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On December 16, 2015, Mother timely filed notices of appeal, along
with a concise statements of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b).
Our standard of review regarding orders terminating parental rights is
as follows:
When reviewing an appeal from a[n order] terminating parental
rights, we are limited to determining whether the decision of the
trial court is supported by competent evidence. Absent an
abuse of discretion, an error of law, or insufficient evidentiary
support for the trial court’s decision, the [order] must stand.
Where a trial court has granted a petition to involuntarily
terminate parental rights, this Court must accord the hearing
judge’s decision the same deference that we would give to a
jury verdict. We must employ a broad, comprehensive review
of the record in order to determine whether the trial court’s
decision is supported by competent evidence.
In re S.H., 879 A.2d 802, 805 (Pa. Super. 2005) (quotation omitted).
Additionally, in termination cases, the burden is upon the petitioner to
prove by clear and convincing evidence that the asserted grounds for
seeking the termination of parental rights are valid. Id. at 806. We have
previously stated that “[t]he standard of clear and convincing evidence is
defined as testimony that is so ‘clear, direct, weighty and convincing as to
enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without hesitance, of
the truth of the precise facts in issue.’” In re J.L.C., 837 A.2d 1247, 1251
(Pa. Super. 2003).
The trial court is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence
presented, and is likewise free to make all credibility determinations and
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resolve conflicts in the evidence. In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa.
Super. 2004). If competent evidence supports the trial court’s findings, we
will affirm even if the record could also support the opposite result. In re
Adoption of T.B.B., 835 A.2d 387, 394 (Pa. Super. 2003).
In the instant case, the trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights
pursuant to Section 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8) and (b). 3 We need only agree
with the trial court as to any one subsection of Section 2511(a), as well as
Section 2511(b), in order to affirm. In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa.
Super. 2004) (en banc).
With regard to the trial court’s termination under Section 2511(a),
Mother has developed no cogent argument with regard thereto. “The failure
to develop an adequate argument in an appellate brief may result in waiver
of the claim under Pa.R.A.P. 2119.” Commonwealth v. Beshore, 916 A.2d
1128, 1140 (Pa. Super. 2007) (en banc) (citation omitted). It is well-settled
that “[t]he ‘argument’ section of an appellate brief must contain a full
discussion of the points raised accompanied by citation to pertinent
authority.” In re Child M., 681 A.2d 793, 799 (Pa. Super. 1996) (citation
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3
At the conclusion of the termination hearing on November 25, 2015, the
trial court did not state its reasons for the termination of Mother’s parental
rights to the Children. However, in its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court
exhaustively set forth its reasons and concluded termination of Mother’s
parental rights was appropriate under Section 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8) and
(b).
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omitted). Here, Mother has provided no argument as to the trial court’s
termination under Section 2511(a).
In any event, we note that there is competent evidence in the record
to support the involuntary termination of Mother’s parental rights under
Section 2511(a)(2), which provides as follows:
(a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child
may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
grounds:
***
(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,
neglect or refusal of the parent has caused the child
to be without essential parental care, control or
subsistence necessary for his physical or mental
well-being and the conditions and causes of the
incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will
not be remedied by the parent.
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2).
In order to terminate parental rights pursuant to 23
Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2), the following three elements must be
met: (1) repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or
refusal; (2) such incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal has caused
the child to be without essential parental care, control or
subsistence necessary for his physical or mental well-being; and
(3) the causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot
or will not be remedied.
In re Adoption of M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1272 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation
omitted). “The grounds for termination due to parental incapacity that
cannot be remedied are not limited to affirmative misconduct. To the
contrary, those grounds may include acts of refusal as well as incapacity to
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perform parental duties.” In re A.L.D., 797 A.2d 326, 337 (Pa. Super.
2002) (citations omitted).
After a thorough review of the record in this matter, we conclude that
the trial court did not abuse its discretion by terminating Mother’s parental
rights under Section 2511(a)(2). During the termination hearing, Ms.
Garrett, the DHS social worker, testified that Mother has had repeated
contact with DHS since November 2001. N.T., 6/3/2015, at 6. Ms. Garrett
provided the trial court with the history of the case concerning the removal
of Mother’s other six children and the circumstances leading to the
placement in foster care of the Children at issue. Id. at 6-9. Ms. Garrett
also testified about the suspected child abuse due to the various physical
injuries sustained by the Children’s sister, E.P., the allegations that Father
sexually abused the Children’s other sister, C.P., and Mother’s failure to
ensure the safety of her children by allowing Father to continue to have
contact with them, which ultimately led to Mother’s and Father’s arrest. Id.
at 8-10, 28-33.
Ms. O’Donnell, the CAU case manager, also testified concerning
Mother’s FSP/SCP goals. Specifically, she indicated Mother’s goals were to
be compliant with housing, Family School, family visits, and individual
counseling. Id. at 88. Ms. O’Donnell testified that Mother was not
consistent with her goal of individual therapy. Specifically, Mother was out
of therapy from October or November 2014, and she was out of therapy
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again from the end of January 2015 until the middle of April 2015. Id. Ms.
O’Donnell further testified that Mother refused to sign release forms,
preventing her new therapist from obtaining the parenting capacity
evaluations. Id. at 89. Additionally, Ms. O’Donnell stated that Mother told
her she was opposed to therapy because she was tired of rehashing the
same issues as to why her children were taken away from her. Id. at 89-
90. Ms. O’Donnell testified that Mother expressed to her that C.P. and E.P.
lied about Father abusing them, and the Children should not have been
removed from her care as she did not do anything wrong. Id. at 90, 114-
19. Ms. O’Donnell testified that based on her observations, as well as
conversations with Mother, Mother has not demonstrated that the Children
are a priority in her life. Id. at 114.
Daylynn Ross, a Family School social service worker, observed Mother
through home visits. Ms. Ross testified that Mother did not complete all of
her assigned Family School goals. N.T. 10/21/15, at 178. Specifically, Ms.
Ross testified that Mother displayed a lack of patience and was ineffective in
disciplining E.C.F., III, and dealing with his tantrums. Id. Ms. Ross stated
that, even though Mother attended Family School from August 2014 to June
2015, Mother was unsuccessful with developing a strong parent relationship
with E.C.F., III. Id. at 177-79.
Dr. Williams, a licensed psychologist who works at Assessment and
Treatment Alternatives as the director of forensic services, testified as an
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expert in forensic parenting evaluations. Dr. Williams conducted a parenting
capacity evaluation of Mother in 2011 and again in 2013 to determine
Mother’s capacity to provide safety and permanency to her children. Id. at
15-16. Dr. Williams testified that Mother had an "Axis 2 Diagnoses," which
would impair her ability to parent the Children because it would impede her
ability to notice when the Children were not receiving adequate care. Id. at
32-36. Dr. Williams was unconvinced Mother could provide for the
Children’s safety based on Mother’s unwillingness to provide any
understanding of her role in any of her children’s removal or injuries. Id. at
25-28. Dr. Williams noted Mother continued a relationship with Father
despite allegations that Father sexually abused her daughter. Id. Dr.
Williams stated that, even if Mother was in a position to have the Children
returned to her, there is enough history with her other children to realize
that the Children may still be at risk. Id. at 44-45. Dr. Williams’ overall
recommendation was that Mother does not have the capacity to parent the
Children as there still remains significant concerns regarding her ability to
provide safety for the Children going forward. Id. at 118.
Instantly, the trial court concluded that Mother did not successfully
complete her FSP/SCP objectives necessary for her to resume parental
duties. Trial Court Opinion, 2/2/16, at 9. The trial court found that Mother’s
actions caused the Children to be without essential parental care. Id. at 9-
10. The trial court determined that Mother has not remedied this condition
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and is not likely to do so within a reasonable amount of time as her
compliance with court orders decreased over time. Id. The trial court
opined that Mother has been given ample time to place herself in a position
to be a parent to the Children, but failed to avail herself of services to
alleviate the conditions that led to the Children’s removal. Id. Because the
Children need a safe, nurturing, and permanent home, and Mother continues
to refuse to put herself in a position to parent the Children, the trial court
determined that DHS met its burden of clear and convincing evidence under
Section 2511(a)(2). Id. We agree with the trial court’s conclusion in this
regard.
Next, we review the termination of Mother’s parental rights under
Section 2511(b), which provides, in relevant part, the following:
(b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the rights
of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on
the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing,
furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be
beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition
filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not
consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions
described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the
giving of notice of the filing of the petition.
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b).
Our Supreme Court has recently stated:
[I]f the grounds for termination under subsection (a) are
met, a court “shall give primary consideration to the
developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
child.” The emotional needs and welfare of the child have been
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properly interpreted to include “[i]ntangibles such as love,
comfort, security, and stability.” [T]his Court [has] held that the
determination of the child’s “needs and welfare” requires
consideration of the emotional bonds between the parent and
child. The “utmost attention” should be paid to discerning the
effect on the child of permanently severing the parental bond.
In re T.S.M., 620 Pa. 602, 628-29, 71 A.3d 251, 267 (2013) (quotations
omitted).
Here, Mother contends the trial court failed to consider whatever
bonds may exist between her and the Children, as well as the emotional
effect that termination will have upon the Children. Mother claims that the
trial court baldly infers that the relationship between the Children and her
was not proper. Mother further submits that there was no evidence from the
psychologist regarding the deleterious impact termination will have on the
Children. As such, Mother argues that the order terminating Mother’s
parental rights is not supported by clear and convincing evidence as to
Section 2511(b). We find Mother’s arguments unpersuasive and conclude
that the record supports the trial court’s decision to terminate Mother’s
parental rights.
For instance, in addition to Dr. Williams’ testimony about Mother’s
parenting capacity evaluation, indicating she did not have the capacity to
provide safety or permanency for the Children, DHS presented Ms.
Mohammed, the permanency specialist at Turning Points for Children. Ms.
Mohammed testified that, since September of 2014, she supervised Mother’s
visits with the Children at the visitation center. N.T., 10/21/15, at 125. Ms.
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Mohammed testified that at the supervised visits Mother demonstrated she
could not effectively control or discipline E.C.F., III. Id. at 126-28. Unlike
Mother, Ms. Mohammed found Paternal Grandmother capable of disciplining
E.C.F., III, as E.C.F., III, listens to Paternal Grandmother when she tells him
to do something. Id. at 128. Ms. Mohammed testified that the Children’s
bond with Mother was not a parental bond; but rather, it was similar to a
bond with any other friendly relative or friend. Id. at 158-59. Ms.
Mohammed found Paternal Grandmother provides the Children with
permanency and takes care of their daily emotional and physical needs. Id.
at 156-59. Ms. Mohammed found that the Children are closely attached to
and have a mother-child bond with Paternal Grandmother, who is to provide
them with permanency. Id. at 134-40, 156-59. Ms. Mohammed opined
that it is in the best interest of the Children to terminate Mother’s parental
rights. Id. at 136-39.
In the present matter, the trial court adequately considered the
developmental, physical, and emotional needs of the Children. Moreover,
the trial court thoroughly considered the Children’s bond with Mother and
the effect of severing that bond. The trial court found the testimony
established that the Children are happy to see Mother and they know who
she is, but they treat Mother like a friend because the relationship between
her and the Children is not a maternal relationship. Trial Court Opinion,
2/2/16, at 13. Inasmuch as the Children have been placed by DHS with
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Paternal Grandmother since June 2013, for their entire lives, the trial court
concluded the Children would not suffer any irreparable harm by terminating
Mother’s parental rights. Id. at 11. The trial court found the Children have
a parental bond with Paternal Grandmother. Id. at 13. Based on the
testimony presented, the trial court found Paternal Grandmother provides
for the Children’s needs such as taking them to daycare, putting them to
bed, and feeding them. Id. The trial court concluded it is in the best
interest of the Children’s welfare and well-being to be adopted and have
permanency. Id. We conclude the trial court gave adequate consideration
to the developmental, physical, and emotional needs of Children in
determining that Mother’s parental rights should be terminated pursuant to
Section 2511(b), and the record supports the trial court’s best interest
analysis. See In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68 (Pa. Super. 2004).
Finally, we address Mother’s contention that the trial court erred in
changing the permanency goal for the Children to adoption because it failed
to give adequate consideration to the effects upon the welfare of the
Children. See Mother’s Brief, at 12.
This Court has stated:
When reviewing an order regarding the change of a placement
goal of a dependent child pursuant to the Juvenile Act, 42 Pa.
C.S.A. § 6301, et seq., our standard of review is abuse of
discretion. When reviewing such a decision, we are bound by
the facts as found by the trial court unless they are not
supported in the record.
In re B.S., 861 A.2d 974, 976 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation omitted).
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Further,
In order to conclude that the trial court abused its discretion, we
must determine that the court’s judgment was manifestly
unreasonable, that the court did not apply the law, or that the
court’s action was a result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will,
as shown by the record. We are bound by the trial court’s
findings of fact that have support in the record. The trial court,
not the appellate court, is charged with the responsibilities of
evaluating credibility of the witnesses and resolving any conflicts
in the testimony. In carrying out these responsibilities, the trial
court is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence. When
the trial court’s findings are supported by competent evidence of
record, we will affirm even if the record could also support an
opposite result.
In re A.K., 936 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa. Super. 2007) (quotation omitted).
Section 6351(f) of the Juvenile Act sets forth the following pertinent
inquiries for the reviewing court:
(f) Matters to be determined at permanency hearing.—
At each permanency hearing, a court shall determine all of the
following:
(1) The continuing necessity for and appropriateness of
the placement.
(2) The appropriateness, feasibility and extent of
compliance with the permanency plan developed for the
child.
(3) The extent of progress made toward alleviating the
circumstances which necessitated the original placement.
(4) The appropriateness and feasibility of the current
placement goal for the child.
(5) The likely date by which the placement goal for the
child might be achieved.
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(5.1) Whether reasonable efforts were made to finalize
the permanency plan in effect.
(6) Whether the child is safe.
...
(9) If the child has been in placement for at least 15 of
the last 22 months or the court has determined that
aggravated circumstances exist and that reasonable
efforts to prevent or eliminate the need to remove the
child from the child’s parent, guardian or custodian or to
preserve and reunify the family need not be made or
continue to be made, whether the county agency has filed
or sought to join a petition to terminate parental rights
and to identify, recruit, process and approve a
qualified family to adopt the child unless:
(i) the child is being cared for by a relative best suited to
the physical, mental and moral welfare of the child;
(ii) the county agency has documented a compelling
reason for determining that filing a petition to terminate
parental rights would not serve the needs and welfare of
the child; or
(iii) the child’s family has not been provided with
necessary services to achieve the safe return to the child’s
parent, guardian or custodian within the time frames set
forth in the permanency plan.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f)(1)-(6), (9).
Additionally,
[t]he trial court must focus on the child and determine the goal
with reference to the child’s best interests, not those of the
parents. “Safety, permanency, and well-being of the child must
take precedence over all other considerations.” Further, at the
review hearing for a dependent child who has been removed
from the parental home, the court must consider the statutorily
mandated factors. “These statutory mandates clearly place the
trial court’s focus on the best interests of the child.”
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In re S.B., 943 A.2d 973, 978 (Pa. Super. 2008) (emphasis in original)
(citations and quotations omitted).
Here, the record reflects the trial court appropriately considered the
Children’s best interest in deciding to change the permanency goal to
adoption. The competent evidence in the record supports the trial court’s
determinations that the Children have been in DHS’s care for their entire
lives, and the only home they have ever known is their placement with
Paternal Grandmother, who they call "Mom.” Trial Court Opinion, 2/2/16, at
6-7. The record also establishes that Mother does not have the capacity or
skills to care for and keep the Children safe on a full-time basis. Moreover,
the competent evidence supports the trial court’s determination that the
Children are in a nurturing and loving foster home and Paternal
Grandmother provides for all their needs. Id. at 7. Accordingly, we find
competent evidence in the record supports the trial court’s determination
that the Children’s developmental, physical, intellectual, spiritual and
emotional needs and welfare are being met by Paternal Grandmother. Id.
For all of the aforementioned reasons, we affirm the trial court’s orders
terminating Mother’s parental rights on the basis of Section 2511(a)(2) and
(b) of the Adoption Act, and changing Child’s permanency goal to adoption
under Section 6351 of the Juvenile Act.
Affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/9/2016
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