The opinion
CoNNOB, J.
The principle is well settled that “directors and managing officers of a corporation are deemed by the law to be trustees or quasi-trustees, in respect to the performance of their official duties incident to corporate management, and are therefore liable for either wilful or negligent failure to perform their official duties. Therefore, if there is a loss of the corporation’s assets, caused and brought about by the negligent failure of its officers to perform their duties, the corporation, or its receiver, in case of insolvency, can maintain an action therefor.” This principle has been uniformly recognized, and consistently applied by this Court.
Minnis v. Sharpe,
198 N. C., 364 , 151 S. E., 735 ;
Braswell v. Morrow,
195 N. C., 127 , 141 S. E., 489 ;
S. v. Trust Company,
192 N. C., 246 , 134 S. E., 656 ;
Besseliew v. Brown,
177 N. C., 65 , 97 S. E., 743 ;
Whitlock v. Alexander,
160 N. C., 465 , 76 S. E., 538 ;
*658
McIver v. Hardware Co.,
144 N. C., 478 , 57 S. E., 169 . The principle has not been and ought not to be relaxed. Creditors and stockholders of corporations organized and doing business under 'the laws of this State are entitled to the strict and uniform enforcement of this principle.
However, this salutary principle, which requires of the officers and directors of a corporation, diligence and good faith in the performance of their official duties, is for the protection of the corporation, and of all its creditors and stockholders alike; it cannot ordinarily be invoked for the sole benefit of a single creditor or stockholder, who has sustained no loss peculiar to himself as a result of a breach of their official duties by the officers and directors of the corporation. Where the loss falls on the corporation, and all its creditors and depositors suffer alike, an action to recover the damages resulting from the loss can be maintained ordinarily only by the corporation, or, upon its insolvency, by its receiver, or assignee. The right of action is an asset of the corporation, which upon its insolvency vests in its receiver, or assignee, for the benefit, first, of its creditors, and, second, of its stockholders. The application of this principle secures a just and equitable distribution of any sum or sums recovered of the officers and directors of1 the corporation among the creditors or stockholders of the corporation, which has in the first instance sustained the loss for which its officers and directors are liable.
Wall v. Howard,
194 N. C., 310 , 139 S. E., 449 ;
Corp. Corn. v. Bank,
193 N. C., 113 , 136 S. E., 362 ;
Douglass v. Dawson,
190 N. C., 458 , 130 S. E., 195 ;
Coble v. Beall,
130 N. C., 533 , 41 S. E., 793 .
In the instant case, it is not alleged in the complaint that the Wayne National Bank, to which all the assets of the Peoples Bank and Trust Company have been sold and assigned for the purpose of liquidation, has upon demand of the plaintiff, refused or failed to institute an action against the defendants, for the recovery of the damages sustained by the Peoples Bank and Trust Company by reason of the alleged negligence and wrongful acts of defendants.
Ham v. Norwood,
196 N. C., 763 , 147 S. E., 291 , is not, therefore, applicable. Nor is this action prosecuted by the plaintiff, in his own behalf and in behalf of all other stockholders and creditors of the Peoples Bank and Trust Company. Plaintiff demands judgment only for the damages which he has sustained by reason of the negligence and wrongful acts of defendants. As the loss sustained by plaintiff is not, upon the facts stated in the complaint, peculiar to him, he is not entitled to recover in this action.
We find no error in the judgment sustaining defendants’ demurrer
ore tenus,
and dismissing this action. The judgment is
Affirmed.