The opinion
In the
Missouri Court of Appeals
Western District
LAKE OZARK-OSAGE BEACH JOINT
SEWER BOARD, ET AL., WD78869
Appellants, OPINION FILED:
v. June 14, 2016
MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF
NATURAL RESOURCES, LAND
RECLAMATION COMMISSION AND
MAGRUDER LIMESTONE CO., INC.,
Respondents.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Miller County, Missouri
The Honorable Sanford Francis Conley, IV, Judge
Before Division Three:
Gary D. Witt, P.J., James Edward Welsh, and Anthony Rex Gabbert, JJ.
The Lake Ozark-Osage Beach Joint Sewer Board and Larry and Vicky Stockman
("Appellants") appeal the Missouri Land Reclamation Commission's decision to grant Magruder
Limestone Co., Inc., ("Magruder") a permit to operate a limestone quarry on a site adjacent to a
wastewater treatment plant owned and operated by the Lake Ozark-Osage Beach Joint Sewer
Board ("Sewer Board").1 We affirm.
1
This case comes before this Court following our remand in Lake Ozark/Osage Beach Joint Sewer Board v.
Missouri Department of Natural Resources, 326 S.W.3d 38, 39 (Mo. App. 2010). Portions of the facts and
procedural history are adopted from that opinion without further attribution.
Statutory Framework
Missouri's Land Reclamation Act ("the Act"), §§ 444.760-.790,2 is administered by the
Director of the Department of Natural Resources ("Department"). § 640.010.6. The stated
purpose of the Act is to "strike a balance" between the surface mining of minerals and the
reclamation of land subjected to surface disturbance by that mining. § 444.762. To that end, the
Act grants the Land Reclamation Commission ("Commission") the power to "[e]xamine and pass
on all applications and plans and specifications submitted . . . for the method of operation and for
the reclamation and conservation of the area of land affected by the operation." § 444.767(3).
The Act requires any operator desiring to engage in surface mining to "make written
application to the director for a permit." § 444.772.1. Once the Director deems the application
complete, there is a period of public notice and comment. Saxony Lutheran High Sch., Inc. v.
Mo. Dep't of Nat. Res., 404 S.W.3d 902, 906 (Mo. App. 2013) (citing § 444.772.10). The
Director must promptly investigate the application and then make a recommendation to the
Commission as to whether the permit should be issued or denied. § 444.773.1. If the Director's
recommendation is to issue the permit, the Commission is authorized to grant a formal hearing
"to formally resolve concerns of the public" before passing on the application. § 444.773.3.
Factual and Procedural Background
Magruder operates several quarries under a permit from the Commission. This case
originated in April 2007, when Magruder filed an application to expand its permit to operate a
limestone quarry on a 212-acre site in Miller County. Magruder sought permission from the
Commission to engage in surface mining on 205 of those acres. The new quarry site is adjacent
to a wastewater treatment plant operated by the Sewer Board. Magruder's application proposed
2
Statutory references are to the Revised Statutes of Missouri (RSMo) 2000, as updated by the 2013
Cumulative Supplement, except where otherwise noted.
2
quarry activity approximately 700 feet from that plant. In addition, two force main sewer lines
transverse through the center of the proposed quarry site and transmit all the sewage from the
City of Osage Beach to the sewer treatment plant.3
Magruder's application was deemed complete, and it published the required notice. Both
Magruder and opponents of its permit application then made presentations at the Commission’s
next public meeting. The Sewer Board and several citizens thereafter requested a formal public
hearing, which the Commission granted. The Commission appointed a hearing officer, who
conducted seven days of hearings. The hearing officer ultimately recommended that Magruder's
expansion permit be approved, with special conditions,4 for the area west of the sewer line
easement. The approved mining area was limited to approximately fifty-two acres. On July 29,
2008, the Commission approved the hearing officer's recommended order and adopted the
hearing officer's findings of fact and conclusions of law as its final decision.
The Miller County Circuit Court reversed the Commission's decision to grant the permit.
On appeal, this Court found that the decision was made upon unlawful procedure because the
Commission incorrectly imposed the burden of persuasion on the petitioners in contravention of
§ 444.773 and 10 C.S.R. 40-10.80(3). Lake Ozark/Osage Beach Joint Sewer Bd. v. Mo. Dep't of
Nat. Res., 326 S.W.3d 38, 45 (Mo. App. 2010). Consequently, we reversed the Commission's
decision to grant the permit and remanded with instructions to apply the correct burden of proof
in a new hearing. Id.
On remand, the Commission designated Commissioner Winn from the Administrative
Hearing Commission to take evidence and make recommendations. Following a five-day
3
The City of Osage Beach owns the sewer lines but is not a party to this litigation.
4
The conditions concerned restricting the days, times, and location of the blasting with regard to the sewer
line easement; using seismographs to monitor the sewer plant and sewer lines; and restricting the elevation of the
mine floor to run at or above the grade of the sewer line easement. Lake Ozark/Osage Beach, 326 S.W.3d at 40 n.4.
3
hearing, the Commissioner issued a Recommended Decision. She found that the Sewer Board
met its burden of production by "establishing issues of fact regarding the impact, if any, of the
permitted activity on [its] health, safety, or livelihood" but the individual petitioners (including
the Stockmans5) did not. See § 444.773. The Commissioner also found, however, that Magruder
met its burden of persuasion that the expanded permit, subject to certain conditions, "will not
unduly impair the health, safety or livelihood of the petitioners." She recommended, therefore,
that Magruder's application for permit expansion be granted with eight specific conditions.
The Commission took up the matter at its next public meeting. It voted unanimously to
adopt the recommendations and findings of Commissioner Winn and to grant Magruder's permit,
but it incorporated only the first five of the recommended conditions. The Commission also
modified Condition 4 to make it easier to understand.
The Appellants filed a petition for judicial review, claiming that the Commission erred in
failing to accept all of the hearing officer's suggested conditions, and that the Commission lacked
the authority to impose any conditions that were not in Magruder's application. The circuit court
rejected those arguments, stating that it had reviewed the Commission's reasons for removing
Conditions 6, 7, and 8 and found no basis for rejecting the Commission's findings. The court
also found that the "Commission had the authority to impose or reject conditions when issuing a
permit" and affirmed the Commission's decision to grant the permit with conditions.
The Sewer Board and the Stockmans appeal.
Standard of Review
On appeal from the circuit court's review of an agency's decision, we review the agency's
actions and not those of the circuit court. Albanna v. State Bd. of Registration for Healing Arts,
5
The Stockmans own and operate an RV park that is approximately a mile from the proposed mine site and
is serviced by the Lake Ozark/Osage Beach sewer system. Their concern is with the impact that the proposed
mining activity will have on their business.
4
293 S.W.3d 423, 428 (Mo. banc 2009). Our review is limited to determining whether the
agency's decision was constitutional; was within the agency's statutory authority and jurisdiction;
was supported by competent and substantial evidence upon the whole record; was authorized by
law; was made upon lawful procedure with a fair trial; was not arbitrary, capricious or
unreasonable; and was a proper exercise of discretion. Lagud v. Kansas City Bd. of Police
Comm'rs, 136 S.W.3d 786, 791 (Mo. banc 2004); § 536.140.2. In reviewing the agency's
decision, we must consider the entire record and not simply the evidence that supports the
agency's decision. Coffer v. Wasson-Hunt, 281 S.W.3d 308, 310 (Mo. banc 2009). "If the
evidence permits either of two opposing findings, deference is afforded to the administrative
decision." Id. We review questions of law de novo. Saxony, 404 S.W.3d at 906.
Point I
The Appellants first contend that the Commission erred in granting Magruder's permit
because the Commissioner's Order is not supported by competent and substantial evidence and is
arbitrary and capricious, in that the Commission removed Conditions 6, 7, and 8, which
Commissioner Winn deemed necessary to the grant of the permit.
Section 444.773.3 of the Act provides that, where the Director recommends issuing a
permit, a formal hearing may be held upon a timely petition from "any person whose health,
safety or livelihood will be unduly impaired by the issuance of this permit." Lake Ozark/Osage
Beach, 326 S.W.3d at 43. Following the formal hearing, if the Commission finds, "based on
competent and substantial scientific evidence on the record, that an interested party's health,
safety or livelihood will be unduly impaired by the issuance of the permit," then the Commission
may deny the permit application. § 444.773.4; 10 C.S.R. 40-10.080(3)(D). At least four of the
Commission members must approve any "final action by the commission." § 444.787.4.
5
Pursuant to section 444.789.3, the Commission may designate a hearing officer to hold a
hearing and make recommendations to the Commission. Here, the Commission designated
Commissioner Winn to do so. In the course of the hearing, the Commissioner accepted portions
of the evidence from the 2008 hearing that the parties designated and heard additional testimony.
As noted, the Commissioner ultimately found that the Sewer Board "met its burden of
production" but that the individual petitioners did not. The Commissioner also found, however,
"that Magruder met its burden of persuasion."6 She recommended that Magruder's application
for permit expansion be granted subject to these Conditions:
1) Magruder must adhere to its blast plan. . . . Any significant alterations to the blast
plan should be filed with the LRC and a copy provided to the Sewer Board. If
smaller blast, smaller holes or lesser bench height is warranted because of concerns
about safety or proximity to the sewer system, such "downward departures" should
be allowed without notice.
2) The conditions set forth in the blast plan shall apply to the entire 205-acre mine
plan.
3) Blasting shall be confined to weekdays between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Magruder
shall notify sewer plant staff prior to each blast. The Sewer Board shall provide the
name of the appropriate contact person to [Magruder].
4) The elevation of the mine floor at the quarry shall be maintained above the sewer
lines to reduce the possibility of ground shifting or block movement in the pipeline
area from blasting.
5) Magruder shall not stockpile rock on or within 150 feet of the sewer line easement.
6) Trucks or other heavy equipment shall not travel over the sewer line easement. If
that necessity arises, Magruder shall consult with the Sewer Board and the City of
Osage Beach to engineer and build a safe crossing over the sewer lines.
7) Magruder shall employ the best available technology for dust suppression and
control.
6
As explained in Lake Ozark/Osage Beach, 326 S.W.3d at 43, the burden of proof for parties before the
Commission is set forth in 10 C.S.R. 40-10.080(3)(B), which provides that "[t]he burden of establishing an issue of
fact regarding the impact, if any, of the permitted activity on a hearing petitioner's health, safety or livelihood shall
be on that petitioner by competent and substantial scientific evidence on the record," and "[o]nce such issues of fact
have been established, the burden of proof for those issues is upon the applicant for the permit." (Emphasis added.)
6
8) If the Sewer Board documents a correlation between blasting at the quarry site and
disruption to [its] UV [ultraviolet treatment] system, Magruder shall pay the cost of
repairs and shall adjust its blasts to eliminate or minimize any such disruption.
At the Commission's next public meeting, a member of the Land Reclamation Program
Staff presented the Staff's recommendations for modifications to the conditions recommended by
Commissioner Winn. The Staff's recommendations pertinent to this appeal are as follows:
4. Condition 4 was modified slightly from the original recommendation staff had
prepared and placed in the packets for the meeting, and was altered to match the
original recommendation of Hearing Officer Tichenor, from the first hearing. The
condition deals with the elevation of the mine floor. The elevation of the floor of
the mine (quarry) shall run at or above the grade of the City of Osage Beach's
sewer line easement as it crosses the Magruder property, so that no blasting holes
will be drilled to a depth that would be below the elevation of that grade.
Permittee shall submit an annual report prepared by a Missouri registered
Professional Engineer to verify compliance with this requirement.
Justification for the above modification is that the proposed language is easier
to understand for all parties and meets the intent of the Administrative Hearing
Commission's recommendation.
....
6. Trucks or other heavy equipment shall not travel over the sewer easement line.
If that necessity arises, Magruder shall consult with the Sewer Board and the City
of Osage Beach to engineer and build a safe crossing over the sewer line.
Staff recommendation is not to include this as a condition of the permit because
this condition is between the company and the Sewer Board.
7. Magruder shall employ the best available technology for dust suppression and
control.
Staff recommendation is not to include this as a condition of the permit because
this activity will be regulated and enforceable under the Missouri Clean Air
Conservation Law.
8. If the Sewer Board documents a correlation between blasting at the quarry site
and disruption to the UV system, Magruder shall pay the cost of repairs and shall
adjust its blasts to eliminate or minimize such disruption.
Staff recommendation is not to include this as a condition of the permit because
it's not feasible for Land Reclamation Program staff to make a determination
as to a cause of UV system disruption and nearly impossible to enforce.
7
Following the Staff recommendations, each side was allowed five minutes to address the
Commission. One of the Commissioners then moved "to adopt the findings of the hearing
officer with the changes presented by staff and the further change for Condition 4 to include the
words 'at the surface' following 'the Magruder property.'" Another Commissioner seconded the
motion, and a third Commissioner commented "that these conditions narrowed the aspects to the
things that are under the jurisdiction of the Land Reclamation Program while other issues are
enforced in different ways but they are addressed."
The Commission voted unanimously to adopt the recommendations and findings of
Commissioner Winn and to grant Magruder's permit. Pursuant to Staff recommendations, the
Commission rejected Conditions 6, 7, and 8. The Commission also modified Condition 4 to
make it easier to understand. In a letter dated January 13, 2014, the Commission issued "formal
notice" of its decision, stating that it had adopted the Commissioner's recommended decision,
including the permit conditions as modified by the Commission.
The evidence supported the Commission's decision to incorporate these modifications.
As to Condition 6, Magruder's representative testified at the formal hearing that Magruder would
use a conveyor system to transport material at the mine and would engineer and build a proper
crossing if it needs to use trucks to convey the material over the sewer lines. The Commission,
as the finder of fact, was free to believe this testimony, Dierks v. Kraft Foods, 471 S.W.3d 726,
737 (Mo. App. 2015), and to conclude from it that Condition 6 was unnecessary and that
engineering a crossing, if needed, is "between [Magruder] and the Sewer Board."
As to Condition 7, requiring Magruder to "employ the best available technology for dust
suppression," the Staff pointed out that it was unnecessary because Magruder is subject to
Missouri's Clean Air Conservation Law dust emission limits. §§ 643.010-.620.
8
In rejecting Condition 8, requiring Magruder to pay for repairs if Magruder's blasting
causes a disruption of the UV system, the Staff noted that it would be "nearly impossible to
enforce," in that it would not be "feasible" for the Staff to determine the cause of a UV system
disruption. Moreover, the evidence showed that the treatment plant's alert system recently had
been upgraded so that personnel are notified within 90 seconds of any failure in the UV system;
that resetting the system takes about five minutes; that if the UV system is offline only for a few
minutes, the quality of the plant's effluent will not be impaired; and that Condition 3 requires
Magruder to provide advance notice of blasting, after which plant personnel can inspect the UV
system. In light of all this, it is not surprising that the Commission determined that Condition 8
was not needed.
Finally, the decision to modify Condition 4 was based on the Staff's advice that the new
language would make the provision more understandable.7
The Appellants contend that the Commission's decision to accept Commissioner Winn's
recommendation to grant the permit while modifying her suggested conditions was "outside the
Commission's authority" and thus "arbitrary and capricious." This argument, which suggests that
the Commission was bound by the Commissioner's recommendations, is without merit.
As noted, the Commission may designate a hearing officer to conduct a hearing and make
recommendations to the Commission. § 444.789.3. Those recommendations have no binding
effect, however, because the Commission "shall make the final decision" on a permit application,
and all Commission members participating in the decision must "review the record before
making the decision." See id. The Act clearly leaves the decision to grant or deny the permit
7
As modified, Condition 4 stated:
The elevation of the floor of the mine (quarry) shall run at or above the grade of the City of Osage
Beach's sewer line easement as it crosses the Magruder property at the surface, so that no blasting
holes will be drilled to a depth that would be below the elevation of that grade.
9
"solely to the discretion of the Commission," which "retains the ultimate authority" to make the
decision following the public hearing. Saxony, 404 S.W.3d at 908, 911 (citing § 444.773.1-2 &
§ 444.789.3).
The Appellants' suggestion that the Commission must either accept or reject the
Recommended Decision in its entirety is simply incorrect. The legislature gave the Commission,
not the hearing officer, the power to "examine and pass on" mining-permit applications. See §
444.767(3). Accordingly, the Commission acted within its statutory authority in determining
whether or not to adopt any of the hearing officer's conditions.
The Appellants clarify in their reply brief that they are not claiming that the Commission
does not have the authority to make its own decision on the merits or modify recommendations.
Rather, they are arguing that if the Commission does modify the recommendations, it must issue
its own findings of fact and conclusions of law. Specifically, they contend that Magruder
eliminates the requirement that the [Commission] make "findings" to support its
decision. See RSMo. 444.773 (If the commission changes or modifies the decision
recommended by the administrative hearing officer, it shall issue its own decision,
which shall include findings of fact and conclusions of law).
The Appellants assert, in other words, that the Commission may not grant the permit and then
reject some of the required conditions, but must reject some or all of the factual findings and then
make its own findings. Absent new findings, they argue, "the decision to grant a permit was
arbitrary and capricious."
This claim, however, also is without merit. The portion of section 444.773 on which the
Appellants rely was not in effect at the time of the Commission's decision here. That provision
was first added to section 444.773 in 2014. Here, the Commission issued its final decision letter
10
on January 13, 2014 (seven months prior to the new provision's effective date).8 At that time, the
Commission was not statutorily required to issue its own decision with findings of fact and
conclusions of law if it changed or modified the recommended decision. See § 444.773, RSMo,
Cum. Supp. 2013.
In addition, the Appellants fail to show how they were prejudiced by the Commission's
failure to issue findings of fact and conclusions of law. "Only prejudicial error is reversible
error." Saxony, 404 S.W.3d at 912. Here, the Commission's formal notice of its decision, with
attached minutes from the hearing on the Recommended Decision, explained the Staff's
reasoning for its recommended modifications, which the Commission adopted.
We also disagree with the Appellants' (rather convoluted) claim that the Commission's
decision to eliminate some of the recommended conditions somehow rendered the entire decision
unsupported by competent and substantial evidence. Our review of the record reveals that the
Commission's decision was "supported by competent and substantial evidence upon the whole
record." See § 536.140.2; Coffer, 281 S.W.3d at 310.
Finally, to the extent that the Appellants argue that the Commission was required to adopt
all eight of the suggested conditions in order for Magruder to satisfy its burden of proof, we
again disagree.9 As discussed above, the hearing officer is not the ultimate decision maker on
mining permits; that role is the Commission's alone. Saxony, 404 S.W.3d at 908-09; § 444.767.
8
See L.2014, H.B. No. 1201, § A, eff. Aug. 28, 2014; L.2014, S.B. No. 642, § A, eff. Aug. 28, 2014. As
amended, § 444.773.2, RSMo, Cum. Supp. 2015, now provides:
The commission shall issue its own decision, based on the appeal, for permit issuance, denial,
suspension, or revocation. If the commission changes a finding of fact or conclusion of law
made by the administrative hearing commission, or modifies or vacates the decision
recommended by the administrative hearing commission, it shall issue its own decision, which
shall include findings of fact and conclusions of law. [Emphasis added.]
9
We also reject the Appellants' complaint that the language added to Condition 4 came directly from the
2008 decision which incorrectly applied the burden of proof. They do not show that this specific language was in
any way defective, and the evidence shows that the language was employed solely to make Condition 4 easier to
understand. The Commission did not err in employing the clearest, most effective language, regardless of its origin.
11
Here, the Commission ultimately decided, based on the evidence, that Magruder met its burden
of proof even without three of the conditions proposed by the hearing officer. We find no error
in that decision. Point I is denied.
Point II
The Appellants next argue that the Commission erred in granting Magruder's permit
because its Order is made "upon unlawful procedure and without a fair trial," in that
Commissioner Winn's act of sua sponte adding conditions to the permit carried the burden of
proof for Magruder. As the Commission appoints a hearing officer only for the limited purpose
of conducting a hearing and making recommendations, the issue is whether the Commission has
authority to attach conditions to a permit. §§ 444.767(3) & .765(4); see also § 536.140.2
(allowing judicial inquiry into whether the agency's action was in excess of its authority).
We find that the Commission does have such authority. We note, first, that section
444.773 was amended in 2014 to include language explicitly permitting the Director to impose
conditions. The revised version of the statute now states: "In issuing a permit, the director may
impose reasonable conditions consistent with the provisions of sections 444.760 to 444.790."
§ 444.773.1, RSMo, Cum. Supp. 2015. The Commission decided this case prior to the addition
of that sentence, however; thus, we look to the case law to assist with the interpretation of the
Act as it existed at the time.
In Saxony, the Southern District of this Court determined that the Commission had the
authority to impose a condition on a permit to operate a limestone mine before it approved the
application. 404 S.W.3d at 906-11. While the quarry's application was pending in that case, a
newly enacted law took effect requiring a 1,000-foot buffer between a mining area and a school.
Id. at 905. The quarry's application had specified a 55-foot buffer. Id. The school tried to stop
12
the public hearing and to strike the application after the law passed. Id. The applicant responded
by offering to revise the plan to reflect a boundary at least 1,000 feet from the school. Id. As in
this case, the school argued that the Commission lacked the authority to impose conditions on the
approval of a permit, but, rather, had authority only to approve or deny the application as filed.
Id. The hearing officer recommended granting the permit subject to the revision, however, and
the Commission adopted the recommendation. Id. Following review in the circuit court, which
vacated the decision, the appeals court upheld the Commission's decision. Id. at 905, 911.
In examining section 444.767(3), which grants the Commission the power to "[e]xamine
and pass on all applications," the Saxony Court reasoned that the plain meaning of pass "suggests
the Commission is empowered to consider the evidence in front of it and render its decision." Id.
at 909. It further noted that, by stating that the Act's purpose is to "strike a balance" between the
various interests, the legislature intended for "the Commission [to] exercise [its] judgment and
craft a decision that would balance those interests." Id. To read the Act to "suggest [that] the
Commission's role is limited essentially to just checking one of two boxes on a form," the Court
stated, "would limit the Commission's ability to balance and resolve [the relevant] concerns" and
would disregard the plain meaning of "pass on" in the Act. Id.
Citing other Department of Natural Resources agencies which have provisions for issuing
conditional permits, the Saxony Court stated, "we have no reason to believe [that] the legislature
intended [the Commission] to be the only permit-granting entity without power to impose
conditions on such permits during the process." Id. at 910. The Court held that "the only logical
conclusion is that the Commission's power to 'pass on' applications under the Act includes the
ability to conditionally approve permit applications in ways that align with the Act and fulfill the
Commission's purpose to balance interests" of operators and the public. Id. at 911.
13
The Court also noted that section 444.787.2 of the Act empowers the Director to
eliminate "violation[s] of any provision of [the Act] or any rule or regulation . . . or any condition
imposed on the permit." Id. at 909-10. The Court also opined that the Act must be read in
conjunction with the Surface Coal Mining Law, which expressly allows the Director and the
Commission to modify a permit application as an alternative to outright denial. Id. at 910.
The Saxony Court concluded, in light of the foregoing, "that the Commission had the
authority to approve [the] permit subject to the condition that [the applicant] relocate its mine
plan boundary." Id. at 912. Although the Saxony Court at times framed the issue more narrowly,
nothing in its reasoning is limited to the specific circumstances of that case; rather, its reasoning
necessarily decides the broader question of whether the Commission has the authority to attach
conditions generally.10
In light of the compelling reasoning in Saxony, we conclude that the Commission had the
authority to impose conditions on Magruder's permit at that time. We also believe that the 2014
revision of the statute to now specifically authorize the Director to impose conditions on a permit
supports this. Consequently, Point II also is denied.
Conclusion
Based on the foregoing, we affirm the circuit court's judgment which upheld the
Commission's decision to grant Magruder its permit subject to the conditions cited.
/s/ JAMES EDWARD WELSH
James Edward Welsh, Judge
All concur.
10
The Appellants' claim that adding conditions deprived them of the opportunity to present evidence
regarding their impact is refuted by the fact that most of the conditions appear in Magruder's blasting plan, and they
were, in fact, discussed at the hearing.
14