The opinion
FOURTH DIVISION
December 17, 2009
No. 1-08-3415
MICHELLE MARZANO ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellant, ) Cook County
)
v. ) No. 08 CH 5503
)
THE COOK COUNTY SHERIFF’S MERIT BOARD and ) Honorable
its Members, James P. Nally, Chairman; Michael D. Carey, ) Mary K. Rochford
Vice Chairman; Arthur R. Waddy, secretary; Mary Nell ) Judge Presiding.
Greer; Robert F. Hogan; Brian J. Riordan; Byron T. )
Brazier; and Daniel J. Lynch; and THOMAS DART, )
Sheriff of Cook County, and MICHAEL F. SHEAHAN, )
Former Sheriff of Cook County, )
)
Defendants-Appellees. )
JUSTICE O’MARA FROSSARD delivered the opinion of the court:
In this administrative review action, plaintiff, Michelle Marzano, appeals from a decision
of the circuit court affirming the January 24, 2008, decision of defendant Cook County Sheriff’s
Merit Board and its members (collectively, the Board) that plaintiff be discharged from
employment, effective July 11, 2006. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff was employed by the former and present sheriff of Cook County (collectively,
the Sheriff). She was appointed a correctional officer and assigned to the Cook County
Department of Corrections on November 16, 1978. The Sheriff has an unauthorized no-pay
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status policy (the Policy) as to employees who do not come to work despite the fact that they are
in no-pay status because they have no remaining benefit time (i.e., sick days or vacation days).
The Policy covers all officers in no-pay status who are off work without authorization, regardless
of the reason for their absence. It is undisputed that the Sheriff, pursuant to a consent decree
entered in Duran v. Sheahan, 74 C 2949, has been required to take affirmative steps in order to
provide adequate staffing at the Department of Corrections (Duran consent decree). The Policy
was instituted to address the serious absentee condition which, among other things, had adverse
effects on jail operations.
Plaintiff was charged with violations of the Policy. On July 12, 2006, the Sheriff filed a
complaint before the Board against plaintiff seeking her termination as a Cook County
correctional officer. The following is a summary of the relevant allegations contained in the
complaint:
(1) on April 18, 2005, plaintiff was in unauthorized no-pay status;
(2) on April 19, 2005, plaintiff was counseled and notified of her options to seek family
medical leave or ordinary disability leave, yet plaintiff continued to use benefit leave time
improperly;
(3) on or about August 22, 2005, plaintiff received a written reprimand for being in
unauthorized no-pay status;
(4) on or about October 13, 2005, a complaint investigation was sustained against
plaintiff for being in unauthorized no-pay status with a recommended penalty for a 13-day
suspension;
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(5) on or about November 1, 2005, another complaint investigation was sustained against
plaintiff for being in unauthorized no-pay status with a recommended penalty for a 15-day
suspension;
(6) on December 20, 2005, plaintiff applied for family medical leave and her request was
denied;
(7) on or about December 30, 2005, a complaint investigation was sustained against
plaintiff for being in unauthorized no-pay status with a recommended penalty for a 29-day
suspension;
(8) plaintiff, in unauthorized no-pay status, failed to report for duty a total of 21 days
between January 9, 2006 and February 20, 2006;
(9) plaintiff’s actions violated certain rules and regulations of the Cook County
Department of Corrections, specifically, General Order 3.8, section III A-4 and section III D-7
(which mandate that employees will comply with lawful department rules, procedures, directives,
bulletins and verbal orders issued by proper authorities, and that employees will utilize all benefit
time leave categories properly); and
(10) plaintiff’s actions violated the Board’s rules and regulations, specifically, Article X,
section 3 (which provides that no police officer shall violate any of the general orders, special
orders, directives, or rules and regulations of the Sheriff).
A hearing on the matter was held on November 14, 2007, before the Board, and both
parties were represented by counsel. On January 24, 2008, the Board found that the evidence
showed that plaintiff was “absent with no sick time and was in unauthorized no-pay status for 19
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days in January and February 2006.” The Board concluded that plaintiff violated General Orders
3.8 III A-4 and III D-7, the Sheriff’s unauthorized no-pay status policy, and Article X, section 3
of the Board’s rules and regulations. The Board ordered that plaintiff's employment be
terminated for cause.
Plaintiff filed a timely complaint in the circuit court of Cook County seeking
administrative review of the Board's decision to terminate her employment. The circuit court
affirmed the Board’s decision. Plaintiff now appeals.
II. ANALYSIS
Plaintiff raises three issues in this appeal, which are interrelated and which we restate as
follows: (1) whether the Board’s decision to terminate plaintiff was in error where her absences
were due to her medical condition; (2) whether the Board incorrectly failed to consider an
arbitration award which had found the Policy unreasonable; and (3) whether plaintiff’s due
process rights were violated when the Board terminated her employment.
A. The Board’s Decision to Discharge Plaintiff was Not In Error
In an administrative review case, we review the decision of the administrative agency, not
the circuit court decision. Marconi v. Chicago Heights Police Pension Board, 225 Ill. 2d 497,
531, 870 N.E.2d 273, 292 (2006). Our scope of review of an administrative agency's decision to
discharge an employee is a two-step process. Walsh v. Board of Fire & Police Commissioners,
96 Ill. 2d 101, 105, 449 N.E.2d 115, 117 (1983). The first step in our analysis is to determine
whether the agency's findings of fact are contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence. Walsh,
96 Ill. 2d at 105, 449 N.E.2d at 117. Plaintiff did not make any claim in the circuit court that the
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Board’s findings of fact were against the manifest weight of the evidence, nor does she make any
claim in this appeal.
The second step in our analysis is to determine if the Board’s findings of fact provide a
sufficient basis for its conclusion that cause for discharge exists. Walsh, 96 Ill. 2d at 105, 449
N.E.2d at 117. The Illinois Supreme Court has “defined ‘cause’ as ‘some substantial
shortcoming which renders [the employee's] continuance in his office or employment in some
way detrimental to the discipline and efficiency of the service and something which the law and a
sound public opinion recognize as a good cause for his not longer occupying the place.’
[Citations.] ” Walsh, 96 Ill. 2d at 105, 449 N.E.2d at 117. The Board, and not the reviewing
court, is in the best position to determine the effect of an employee’s conduct on the department.
Hermesdorf v. Wu, 372 Ill. App. 3d 842, 852, 867 N.E.2d 34 (2007). Thus, as the Walsh court
explained, considerable deference must be afforded to an administrative finding of “cause” for
discharge and it is not to be overturned unless it is arbitrary and unreasonable or unrelated to the
requirements of the service. Walsh, 96 Ill. 2d at 105, 449 N.E.2d at 117.
Plaintiff, relying on Walsh, contends that because her absences in violation of the Policy
were related to her medical condition, this court must overturn the Board’s decision. We agree
with defendants that plaintiff’s reliance on Walsh is misplaced.
Walsh involved a police officer who, while already on disability leave for psychological
problems, committed the acts which resulted in his discharge. Walsh, 96 Ill. 2d at 107, 449
N.E.2d 115. Because the evidence pertaining to those psychological problems was so vague, and
because the Board's decision to dismiss the officer for cause might jeopardize the officer's
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pension, the supreme court remanded the case for a more thorough examination of the officer's
psychological problems. Walsh, 96 Ill. 2d at 108, 449 N.E.2d 115. The court further held that if
it was determined the officer's misconduct was related to his psychological problems, the
sanction against him should be other than discharge for cause. Walsh, 96 Ill. 2d at 108, 449
N.E.2d 115. Walsh did not involve a discharge for violation of a no-fault attendance policy. The
issue in the instant case was whether plaintiff’s excessive unexcused absences under a no-fault
attendance policy constituted a substantial breach reasonably related to the requirements of
service, thereby establishing cause for termination.
Plaintiff misinterprets Walsh as standing for the general proposition that she cannot be
discharged because her absences were caused by her medical condition. Under Illinois law, an
employer may fire an employee for unexcused absences when they become excessive. Hartlein v.
Illinois Power Co., 151 Ill. 2d 142, 601 N.E.2d 720 (1992). Plaintiff’s discharge was for
numerous unexcused absences. On April 19, 2005, plaintiff was counseled and notified of her
options to apply for family medical leave or ordinary disability leave. Nonetheless, even after
she was counseled, she missed numerous days and she did not apply for family medical leave
until December 20, 2005. Additionally, she did not apply for disability until June 2006, which
was four months after she had missed 20 days without any benefit time on the books. Although
plaintiff was progressively disciplined, it had no deterrent effect on her behavior.
Management’s right to discipline and ultimately to discharge an employee for
absenteeism and tardiness is based on its right to operate efficiently. This court has held that a
34-day unexcused absence from duty by a correctional officer was a substantial breach very much
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related to the requirements of the service. Mack v. Cook County Police & Corrections Merit
Board, 94 Ill. App. 3d 227, 230, 418 N.E.2d 788, 790 (1981). We agree with defendants that
plaintiff’s continued inability to come to work effectively turned her full-time position into a
part-time job that clearly had a significant impact on the operation of the sheriff of Cook County.
The Board’s finding of “cause” for discharge of plaintiff was not arbitrary or unreasonable.
We further note that our decision is consistent with the recent case of Cruz v. Cook
County Sheriff's Merit Board, 394 Ill. App. 3d 337, 342, 914 N.E.2d 653, 658 (2009), which is
factually similar to the instant case in that it also involved a correctional officer discharged for
violations of the subject Policy. Similar to plaintiff here, the officer in Cruz called in sick even
though she did not have any accrued sick days. As this court explained, although the plaintiff
provided medical notes for her absences, “they were irrelevant under the Policy, since
establishing that she was actually sick did not negate the fact that she had no more sick days.”
Cruz, 394 Ill. App. 3d at 342, 914 N.E.2d at 658. Moreover, “[i]f an employee has used all his
sick days, it is irrelevant that he has a legitimate medical excuse for not attending work, because
he is informed at the first (counseling) stage that he may apply for family medical leave or
disability leave.” (Emphasis added.) Cruz, 394 Ill. App. 3d at 339, 914 N.E.2d at 655. In sum,
we conclude that the Board’s decision to discharge plaintiff for violations of the Policy and her
numerous unexcused absences was not in error.
B. The Board Correctly Did Not Consider an Arbitration Award
Plaintiff also argues that the Board’s decision was clearly erroneous for failing to
recognize the binding legal effect of an arbitration award in a collective bargaining agreement
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matter brought before the Illinois Labor Relations Board by the Metropolitan Alliance of Police,
the union representing sheriff's correctional officers (the Union), against the County of Cook and
the sheriff of Cook County (employers). Metropolitan Alliance of Police v. Sheriff of Cook
County (January 10, 2007). In that matter, the arbitrator had been asked to determine whether the
employers’ unilateral implementation of the Policy, without providing notice to the Union or an
opportunity to bargain, violated the collective bargaining agreement between the parties and/or
any past practice.
The arbitrator acknowledged that the Sheriff’s decision to institute the Policy was
justifiable in view of (1) the degree of unauthorized absenteeism and its adverse effects on jail
operations; (2) the direct and indirect costs of that absenteeism; and (3) the Sheriff’s obligation to
comply with the Duran consent decree. Interestingly, the arbitrator also noted that it has long
been held in labor arbitration matters that “repeated absences over a long period of employment
for valid reasons such as genuine illnesses, may make an employee of so little value, if not an
actual handicap to the Company, as to justify a severance of the employment relationship.”
(Emphasis in original) Metropolitan Alliance of Police v. Sheriff of Cook County, slip op. at 15-
16. The arbitrator also acknowledged the legitimacy of no-fault attendance policies, such as the
subject Policy. The arbitrator ultimately concluded that the employers had not violated the
collective bargaining agreement or any past practice when they unilaterally implemented the
Policy because they were under no obligation to bargain with plaintiff regarding it. Nevertheless,
after finding that the Policy was properly adopted and did not violate the collective bargaining
agreement of the parties, the arbitrator went further and found that the Policy was unreasonable.
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On February 8, 2007, prior to the administrative hearing, plaintiff, along with five other
correctional officers who had matters pending before the Board, including the plaintiff in the
Cruz case discussed earlier, filed a motion to dismiss the charges against her based on the
arbitrator’s finding that the Policy was unreasonable. The Board, concluding that it was not
bound by the decision of another administrative agency or its finding that the Policy was
unreasonable, denied plaintiff’s motion to dismiss.
It should be noted that the arbitrator’s decision was reviewed by this court in
Metropolitan Alliance of Police, Cook County Correctional Officers Chapter 222 v. County of
Cook, No. 1-08-0282 (2008) (unpublished order under Supreme Court Rule 23) (Metropolitan
Rule 23 order). We determined that the arbitrator had exceeded his authority, because the issue
of officer discipline was not subject to arbitration and the arbitrator was limited to reviewing only
the unilateral implementation of the Policy. Metropolitan Rule 23 order; see also Cruz v. Cook
County Sheriff's Merit Board, 394 Ill. App. 3d at 341, 914 N.E.2d at 657. In so doing, we relied
upon the well-established legal propositions outlined in the case of Shultz v. Atlantic Mutual
Insurance Co., 367 Ill. App. 3d 1 (2006), that parties are only bound to arbitrate those specific
issues agreed to, that arbitration agreements will not be extended by implication or construction,
and that the Illinois Uniform Arbitration Act (710 ILCS 5/12(b)(West 2006)) does not control
which issues are subject to arbitration – only the agreement of the parties does, and this, in turn,
limits the arbitrator’s powers. See Shultz, 367 Ill. App. 3d at 10-11, citing Flood v. Country
Mutual Insurance Co., 41 Ill. 2d 91, 93-94 (1968).
After reviewing the collective bargaining agreement between the parties, we further noted
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that the parties had agreed, among other things, that matters falling within the jurisdiction of the
Merit Board could not be challenged as a grievance and that Merit Board action was subject to
administrative review of the circuit court of Cook County. We also explained that “even if”
officer discipline under the Policy had been submitted as an issue upon arbitration, this would
have been improper pursuant to the very agreement of the parties. That is, pursuant to the
collective bargaining agreement, the actions of the Board, which is the body that imposes
discipline under the Policy, would be reviewable only by the circuit court of Cook County, and
not by an arbitrator. Metropolitan Rule 23 order.
In discussing the Metropolitan Rule 23 order, we explained in Cruz v. Cook County
Sheriff's Merit Board, that in Metropolitan, we “vitiated all provisions of the Award beyond the
arbitrator’s finding that the Policy was duly adopted and not contrary to the collective bargaining
agreement. [Citation.] ” Cruz, 394 Ill. App. 3d at 342, 914 N.E.2d at 658. The Cruz court,
addressing the particular facts presented in Cruz, went on to conclude that it saw “nothing
arbitrary or unreasonable” about the employer’s decision to terminate the plaintiff’s employment,
in view of her “multiple unauthorized absences from work, following earlier and repeated
discipline for the same.” Cruz, 394 Ill. App. 3d at 342, 914 N.E.2d at 658. The court further
stated that it found “nothing unreasonable about the Policy’s proviso that medical notes for
unauthorized sick days do not excuse them. The Policy provides two alternatives to an officer’s
expended sick days – family medical leave and disability leave – and provides that an officer will
be informed of these options before any further disciplinary steps.” Cruz, 394 Ill. App. 3d at 343,
914 N.E.2d at 659.
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The Cruz court, in addition to noting that the arbitrator had “inappropriately” addressed
the issue of the reasonableness of the Policy, stated that it did not find the arbitrator’s decision
“particularly persuasive on this point.” Cruz, 394 Ill. App. 3d 343, 914 N.E.2d at 658. As the
Cruz court explained, it had a “particular case” to consider, while the arbitrator had addressed the
reasonableness of the Policy “in the abstract.” Cruz, 394 Ill. App. 3d 343, 914 N.E.2d at 658.
In the instant case, similar to Cruz, we also have a particular case to consider. In the
factual context of the instant case, we conclude that the Board properly disregarded the
arbitration award that found the Policy unreasonable. As correctly noted, in both the
Metropolitan Rule 23 order and the Cruz case, the Policy was reasonable and the arbitrator
exceeded his authority by addressing the reasonableness of the Policy.
C. Plaintiff’s Contention That Her Due Process Rights Were Violated is Meritless
Plaintiff asserts that her termination from employment diminished her protectable
property interest in her pension. She correctly notes that a public pension in Illinois is “an
enforceable contractual relationship, the benefits of which shall not be diminished or impaired.”
Ill. Const. 1970, art. XIII, §5. Plaintiff asserts that if her medical condition improves, and she is
no longer eligible for the disability payments that she is currently receiving from the pension
board, her pension benefit will be less than it would have been had she remained an employee.
While this may be accurate, plaintiff has nonetheless failed to make any argument with respect to
how the contractual relationship was violated by her discharge.
Plaintiff raises another due process argument. While conceding that she had a hearing on
her misconduct, plaintiff argues that the due process afforded her during the hearing was
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inadequate because of the Board’s failure to consider, and follow, the arbitration award that had
found the Policy to be unreasonable. As we have already noted, the Board correctly ignored the
arbitration award which resulted from the arbitrator exceeding his authority. Moreover, the
Policy is reasonable.
Plaintiff's arguments that her due process rights were violated have no merit. She has
failed to argue that her contractual right to a pension was violated by her discharge for cause.
She has also failed to show that the Board’s hearing did not afford her sufficient due process.
III. CONCLUSION
Plaintiff has failed to raise any issues that would warrant reversal of the Board’s decision
on administrative review. For all of the foregoing reasons, we affirm the decision of Cook
County Sheriff’s Merit Board.
Affirmed.
O’BRIEN and GALLAGHER, JJ., concur.
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