The opinion
Opinion issued January 27, 2015
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
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NO. 01-14-00281-CV
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FORREST LAKE TOWNHOUSE ASSOCIATION, INC., Appellant
V.
BILLY B. MARTIN, Appellee
On Appeal from the 157th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Case No. 2012-72008
MEMORANDUM OPINION
This is a dispute between a homeowner and his neighborhood homeowners’
association. In three issues, Forrest Lake Townhouse Association appeals summary
judgment on its lawsuit for damages and injunctive relief against homeowner Billy
Martin for flying the American flag in violation of the HOA’s guidelines. We
affirm.
Background
Martin owns a townhome in Forrest Lake Townhomes, a residential
development. Martin’s home has a recessed front porch. A small front yard, which
is part of the common property of the development, separates the porch from the
road.
Martin flies the American flag on a flagpole in front of his house. Martin has
attached the flagpole to a beam that extends a few inches beyond the porch into the
front yard. He has anchored the other end of the beam to his porch by placing it
under a wooden bench, which is weighted down with cinder block. Neither the
beam nor the flagpole touches the ground in front of the porch.
The HOA filed this lawsuit to enjoin Martin from displaying the flag in this
manner. Martin moved for traditional and no-evidence summary judgment; the trial
court granted Martin’s motion without specifying the grounds upon which it
granted summary judgment. The HOA timely appealed.
Summary Judgment
In three issues, the HOA contends that the trial court erred when it granted
Martin’s motion for summary judgment.
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A. Standard of review
We review a trial court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Mann
Frankfort Stein & Lipp Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding, 289 S.W.3d 844, 848 (Tex.
2009). Traditional summary judgment is proper if, having viewed all of the
evidence in the light most favorable to the non-movant, there are no genuine issues
of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX. R.
CIV. P. 166a(c); Amedisys, Inc. v. Kingwood Home Health Care, LLC, 437 S.W.3d
507, 511 (Tex. 2014). To prevail on a motion for traditional summary judgment, a
defendant-movant must conclusively negate at least one element of each of the
plaintiff’s causes of action or establish each element of an affirmative defense. Sci.
Spectrum, Inc. v. Martinez, 941 S.W.2d 910, 911 (Tex. 1997). In reviewing a no-
evidence summary judgment, we determine whether the non-movant produced
more than a scintilla of probative evidence to raise a genuine issue of material fact
for each challenged element. Smith v. O’Donnell, 288 S.W.3d 417, 424 (Tex.
2009); see TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i).
B. The Freedom to Display the Flag Act
Martin contends that the HOA may not prevent him from displaying his flag
under the federal Freedom to Display the American Flag Act, as well as the Texas
state law. See Freedom to Display the American Flag Act of 2005, Pub. L. No.
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109-243, 120 stat. 572 (2005); 4 U.S.C.A. § 5 note; TEX. PROP. CODE ANN. §
202.012. The Flag Act says:
A condominium association, cooperative association, or residential
real estate management association may not adopt or enforce any
policy, or enter into any agreement, that would restrict or prevent a
member of the association from displaying the flag of the United
States on residential property within the association with respect to
which such member has a separate ownership interest or a right to
exclusive possession or use.
4 U.S.C.A. § 5 note § 3. According to Martin, the HOA is prohibited from
restricting his display of the flag because: (1) the HOA qualifies as a
“condominium association,” “cooperative association,” or “residential real estate
management association” as those terms are defined by the Act; (2) Martin is a
“member” of the HOA, as that term is defined by the Act; and (3) he displays his
flag on residential property for which he “has a separate ownership interest or a
right to exclusive possession or use.” See id. He concedes that the Flag Act allows
the HOA to place “reasonable restriction[s]” on displaying the American flag
“necessary to protect a substantial interest of the [HOA].” Id. § 5 note § 4.
Martin flies the flag of the United States from a flagpole suspended above
his front yard (the HOA’s property). The flagpole is attached to a beam anchored
(but not affixed) to his front porch (Martin’s private property). At oral argument,
the HOA contended that this display does not meet the “separate ownership
interest or a right to exclusive possession or use” requirement. It also argued that
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the flagpole was a safety hazard, and thus the HOA was acting to protect the safety
of its residents.
C. Martin’s summary-judgment motion
We need not decide whether the Flag Act bars the HOA from enforcing its
guideline regarding flag display because the HOA failed to challenge summary
judgment under the Flag Act in its response to Martin’s motion and in its brief.
“When the trial court does not specify the basis for its summary judgment, the
appealing party must show it is error to base it on any ground asserted in the
motion.” Star–Telegram, Inc. v. Doe, 915 S.W.2d 471, 473 (Tex. 1995). “If
summary judgment may have been rendered, properly or improperly, on a ground
not challenged, the judgment must be affirmed.” Ellis v. Precision Engine
Rebuilders, Inc., 68 S.W.3d 894, 898 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no
pet.); accord Miner Dederick Const., LLP v. Gulf Chem. & Metallurgical Corp.,
403 S.W.3d 451, 463 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied).
Martin’s motion discusses the Flag Act at the beginning of the “argument
and analysis” section. The motion asserts:
Both federal and state law in Texas take a dim view of efforts to
restrict the display of the flag of the United States. In 2005, the United
States Congress enacted the Freedom to Fly the American Flag Act,
Public Law 109-243, 120 Stat. 572, (the “Act”). The Act was signed
into law by the signature of former President George W. Bush. In
relevant part, the Act reads:
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A condominium association, cooperative association, or
residential real estate management association may not
adopt or enforce any policy, or enter into any agreement,
that would restrict or prevent a member of the association
from displaying the flag of the United States on
residential property within the association with respect to
which such member has a separate ownership interest or
a right to exclusive possession or use.
As stated in the preamble to the Act, the intent of the Act is “To
ensure that the right of an individual to display the flag of the United
States of America on residential property not be abridged.” ld. It is
undisputed in this case that the Defendant’s front porch is residential
property in which he has a separate ownership interest or a right to
exclusive possession or use.
The Plaintiff’s efforts in this lawsuit also violate TEX. PROP. CODE
§ 202.011 . . . .
(Emphasis supplied).
The portion of the motion quoted above can be fairly read to constitute an
entirely self-contained legal argument for summary judgment against the HOA’s
attempt to enforce deed restrictions by forcing Martin to remove his American flag.
The intent to include the federal law as one specific ground is also indicated by the
transition sentence stating that the HOA’s petition “also” violated state law.
Moreover, the motion ends with a “conclusion and prayer” that argues “the display
of our national flag is understandably given great deference by both federal and
state law.”
Therefore, we conclude that the motion sufficiently raises the Flag Act as a
possible ground for summary judgment. The trial court did not specify on which
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grounds it granted summary judgment. Because the HOA failed to challenge this
possible ground for granting summary judgment, we must affirm the judgment. We
therefore overrule the HOA’s three issues.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Harvey Brown
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Massengale, Brown, and Huddle.
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