The opinion
J-A19031-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
GREGORY SCOTT HOPKINS, :
:
Appellant : No. 964 WDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence entered on February 26, 2014
in the Court of Common Pleas of Beaver County,
Criminal Division, No. CP-04-CR-0000580-2012
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., JENKINS and MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED AUGUST 31, 2015
Gregory Scott Hopkins (“Hopkins”) appeals from the judgment of
sentence entered following his conviction of third-degree murder. We
affirm.
In its Opinion, the trial court summarized the facts underlying the
instant appeal, which we incorporate as though fully restated herein. Trial
Court Opinion, 8/26/14, at 67-70. Briefly, we observe the following facts.
In 1979, 23-year-old Janet Walsh (“Walsh”) was found dead in her
apartment, with her hands tied behind her back and her nightgown raised so
that she was naked from the waist down. A top sheet had been placed over
the body. Monaca Police Officer Andrew Gall (“Officer Gall”) and
Pennsylvania State Trooper Richard Matas (“Trooper Matas”) responded to
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the scene. During the investigation, police discovered that Walsh had been
romantically involved with Hopkins.
The case remained unsolved until 2010, when evidence taken from the
crime scene was tested for DNA. DNA from seminal fluid was found on the
back of Walsh’s nightgown, the robe tie binding her hands together, and the
top sheet covering her. Ultimately, police officers were able to obtain
Hopkins’s DNA, from a cup he had discarded in the Bridgewater Municipal
Building. Hopkins’s DNA matched the DNA from the seminal fluid found on
Walsh’s nightgown, the robe tie binding Walsh’s hands and the top sheet
covering Walsh.
The Pennsylvania State Police filed a Criminal Information and a
Criminal Complaint against Hopkins in January 2012. Hopkins filed an
Omnibus Pretrial Motion, which, inter alia, sought the suppression of an
expert report and testimony by Cyril Wecht, M.D., J.D. (“Dr. Wecht”). The
suppression court granted in part and denied in part the Omnibus Pretrial
Motion. In particular, the suppression court granted suppression of Dr.
Wecht’s expert report and testimony. The Commonwealth filed a timely
appeal of the suppression court’s Order. This Court affirmed in part, and
reversed and remanded in part, the Order of the suppression court. In
particular, this Court reversed the Order of the suppression court as to the
expert report and testimony of Dr. Wecht. See Commonwealth v.
Hopkins, 87 A.3d 876 (Pa. Super. 2013) (unpublished memorandum).
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Following a jury trial, Hopkins was convicted of third-degree murder.
The trial court subsequently sentenced Hopkins to a prison term of eight to
sixteen years. Hopkins filed a Post-Sentence Motion, which the trial court
denied. Thereafter, Hopkins filed the instant timely appeal, followed by a
court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Concise Statement of Matters Complained
of on Appeal.
Hopkins now presents the following claims for our review:
1. Whether the evidence was insufficient as a matter of law
when the only evidence linking [Hopkins] to the death of
[Walsh] was the presence of his DNA in her apartment, a
circumstance that the science of DNA rendered as of no
inferential value[,] given the history of their relationship, and
where expert testimony was either merely anecdotal or was
actually contrary to established science, and where, in any
event, it was phrased in probabilistic terms that did not meet
the standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt?
2. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in failing to find
that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence when
the court misapplied its own standard of review and failed to
account for evidence that clearly preponderated against the
finding that [Walsh’s] death was caused by [Hopkins]?
3. Whether the trial court erred in failing to suppress evidence
obtained from an office trash can where [Hopkins] enjoyed an
expectation of privacy in his office trash?
Brief for Appellant at 4-5.
Hopkins first claims that the evidence is insufficient to sustain his
conviction of third-degree murder. Id. at 32. Hopkins relies on the experts’
agreement that “the science of DNA does not allow anyone to determine the
date upon which a DNA sample has been deposited.” Id. at 34 (emphasis in
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original). Further, Hopkins asserts that his DNA could remain on the cloth
items, because the washing of a piece of cloth, upon which DNA has been
deposited, “not only does not automatically remove the DNA[,] but may
readily serve as the vehicle through which it transfers to other items.” Id.
Hopkins claims that the evidence is insufficient to sustain his guilt
where no evidence tied him to the crime in any way; his denials of
involvement in Walsh’s death were consistent and longstanding; and three
unimpeached witnesses supported his alibi for the morning of the murder.
Id. at 34-35. Further, Hopkins contends, the circumstantial evidence was
not of such quantity and quality to support a finding, beyond a reasonable
doubt, that his DNA was deposited there on the morning of the murder. Id.
at 35.
In reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we
evaluate the record “in the light most favorable to the verdict winner giving
the prosecution the benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the
evidence.” Commonwealth v. Bibbs, 970 A.2d 440, 445 (Pa. Super.
2009) (citation omitted).
Evidence will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict when it
established each element of the crime charged and the
commission thereof by the accused, beyond a reasonable doubt.
Nevertheless, the Commonwealth need not establish guilt to a
mathematical certainty, and may sustain its burden by means of
wholly circumstantial evidence. Significantly, [we] may not
substitute [our] judgment for that of the factfinder; if the record
contains support for the convictions they may not be disturbed.
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Id. (citation and quotation marks omitted). “Any doubt about the
defendant’s guilt is to be resolved by the factfinder unless the evidence is so
weak and inconclusive that, as a matter of law, no probability of fact can be
drawn from the combined circumstances.” Commonwealth v. Scott, 967
A.2d 995, 998 (Pa. Super. 2009).
In its Opinion, the trial court provided a comprehensive discussion of
Hopkins’s claim, ultimately concluding that it lacks merit. Trial Court
Opinion, 8/26/14, at 2-65 (summarizing the evidence presented at trial), 66-
71 (addressing Hopkins’s challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence). The
trial court’s findings are supported in the record, and it legal conclusions are
sound. Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of the trial court’s Opinion with
regard to this claim. See id.
Hopkins next claims that the jury’s verdict is against the weight of the
evidence. Brief for Appellant at 51. Hopkins argues that in denying his
Post-Sentence Motion, the trial court failed to apply the proper standard of
review. Id. at 52. According to Hopkins, the trial court instead applied the
standard of review applicable to appellate courts. Id. Hopkins contends
that in ruling on Hopkins’s Motion, “the trial court is not to defer to the jury’s
discretion[,] but is required to assess the evidence in its own right to
determine if a greater weight should have been afforded such compelling
testimony.” Id.
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Hopkins further argues that the trial court improperly ignored the alibi
evidence presented by his witnesses, and the testimony of his DNA expert.
Id. As to his DNA expert, Hopkins points to testimony that “no dating of the
DNA samples of Hopkins could be accomplished.” Id. According to Hopkins,
the trial court erred when it assumed that “the mere finding of the sample
was enough to carry the Commonwealth’s burden in this regard.” Id.
An appellate court’s standard of review when presented with a weight
of the evidence claim is distinct from the standard of review applied by the
trial court:
Appellate review of a weight claim is a review of the exercise of
discretion, not of the underlying question of whether the verdict
is against the weight of the evidence. Because the trial judge
has had the opportunity to hear and see the evidence presented,
an appellate court will give the gravest consideration to the
findings and reasons advanced by the trial judge when reviewing
a trial court’s determination that the verdict is against the weight
of the evidence. One of the least assailable reasons for granting
or denying a new trial is the lower court’s conviction that the
verdict was or was not against the weight of the evidence and
that a new trial should be granted in the interest of justice.
Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1055 (Pa. 2013) (citations
omitted). A trial court’s discretion in granting or denying a motion for a new
trial, based on a challenge to the weight of the evidence, is not
unfettered. Id.
The term “discretion” imports the exercise of judgment, wisdom
and skill so as to reach a dispassionate conclusion within the
framework of the law, and is not exercised for the purpose of
giving effect to the will of the judge. Discretion must be
exercised on the foundation of reason, as opposed to prejudice,
personal motivations, caprice or arbitrary actions. Discretion is
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abused where the course pursued represents not merely an error
of judgment, but where the judgment is manifestly unreasonable
or where the law is not applied or where the record shows that
the action is a result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will.
Id. (citations omitted).
Our review of the record and the trial court’s Opinion discloses no
abuse of discretion. In assessing the weight of the evidence, the trial court
reviewed the evidence supporting each element of the crime of third-degree
murder. Trial Court Opinion, 8/26/14, at 67-71. The trial court concluded
that the jury’s verdict is not against the weight of the evidence, nor is its
conscience shocked by the verdict. Id. at 70-71; see also Clay, 64 A.3d at
1057 n.7 (explaining that the consideration of “whether a verdict shocks the
court’s conscience is relevant only to a trial court’s consideration of a weight
of the evidence claim; it is not the standard to be applied by an appellate
court on appeal.”). Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of the trial court’s
Opinion with regard to this claim. See Trial Court Opinion, 8/26/14, at 66-
71.
Hopkins next claims that the suppression court improperly denied
suppression of the DNA evidence obtained from Hopkins’s discarded drinking
cup. Brief for Appellant at 53. Hopkins asserts that by taking his drinking
cup from the trash can, the police violated his constitutional rights pursuant
to the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution,
and Article 1, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. Id. at 55.
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Hopkins argues that he had an expectation of privacy in trash disposed of in
the trash can:
When trash is placed on the curbside waiting to be picked up in
the reasonable course of collection it is considered abandoned
property, but when trash is seized before it is taken out and
placed at the property boundary in the normal course of trash
disposal, the defendant retains a privacy interest in the property
and the search and seizure of such trash will be deemed
unlawful....
Id. at 57.
Hopkins further argues that any abandonment must be complete in
order to negate one’s reasonable expectation of privacy. Id. at 58. Hopkins
contends that in this case, his actions did not evidence an intention to
completely abandon his expectation of privacy. Id. at 59. According to
Hopkins,
[he] took a drink of water in an office where he enjoyed an
objectively reasonable expectation of privacy and he deposited
his drinking cups in the office waste basket[,] where he no less
enjoyed a reasonable expectation of privacy. The police then
obtained these cups not at a curbside following the normal
course of trash disposal[,] but through the actions of an agent of
the police[.] Hopkins[ had an] objective expectation and
intention that his drinking cups would be disposed of in the
normal course of Bridgewater building waste disposal and not by
[Vickie] McDaniels [(“McDaniels”), the Borough Secretary,]
procuring the garbage….
Id. at 61. Thus, Hopkins contends, the warrantless seizure of his cups from
the Municipal Building trash was an unreasonable search, and the evidence
seized in that search must be suppressed as “fruits of the poisonous tree.”
Id.
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Hopkins challenges the ruling of the suppression court.
Our standard of review in addressing a challenge to a trial
court’s denial of a suppression motion is limited to determining
whether the factual findings are supported by the record and
whether the legal conclusions drawn from those facts are
correct.
We may consider only the evidence of the prosecution and so
much of the evidence for the defense as remains uncontradicted
when read in the context of the record as a whole. Where the
record supports the findings of the suppression court, we are
bound by those facts and may reverse only if the court erred in
reaching its legal conclusions based upon the facts.
Commonwealth v. Gillespie, 103 A.3d 115, 118 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Williams, 941 A.2d 14, 26-27 (Pa. Super.
2008) (en banc)).
Where ... the appeal of the determination of the suppression
court turns on allegations of legal error, the suppression court’s
legal conclusions are not binding on an appellate court, whose
duty it is to determine if the suppression court properly applied
the law to the facts. Thus, the conclusions of law of the courts
below are subject to plenary review.
Commonwealth v. Jones, 988 A.2d 649, 654 (Pa. 2010) (internal citations
and quotation marks omitted).
“Both the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and
Article I, § 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution protect citizens from
unreasonable searches and seizures.” Gillespie, 103 A.3d at 118 (citation
omitted). A person challenging a warrantless search or seizure on Fourth
Amendment grounds must demonstrate that (1) he had a subjective
expectation of privacy in the place searched; and (2) his or her subjective
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expectation of privacy is one that society is prepared to recognize as
reasonable and legitimate. Commonwealth v. Perel, 107 A.3d 185, 188
(Pa. Super. 2014) (quoting Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 361
(1967) (Harlan, J., concurring)).
Like the Fourth Amendment, Article 1, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania
Constitution has been interpreted as protecting “those zones where one has
a reasonable expectation of privacy.” Commonwealth v. Lawley, 741
A.2d 205, 209 (Pa. Super. 1999) (citations omitted). In determining what is
a reasonable expectation of privacy, all surrounding facts and circumstances
must be considered. Commonwealth v. Perdue, 564 A.2d 489, 495 (Pa.
Super. 1989) (citations omitted).
“The accessibility of the items to others has been viewed previously by
our Court as a critical factor in determining whether a reasonable
expectation of privacy in the items exists.” Lawley, 741 A.2d at 210.
However, the United States Supreme Court has cautioned that
the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a
person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or
office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. But
what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible
to the public, may be constitutionally protected.
Katz, 389 U.S. at 351 (1967) (internal citations omitted); accord Perel,
107 A.3d at 199.
As this Court has recognized, “a defendant has no standing to contest
the search and seizure of items which he has voluntarily abandoned.”
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Commonwealth v. Byrd, 987 A.2d 786, 790 (Pa. Super. 2009). “The
determination of whether or not there has been an abandonment of property
is an ultimate fact, dependent upon the purported act of abandonment and
the manifested intent of the person alleged to have abandoned the
property.” Commonwealth v. Sero, 387 A.2d 63, 69 (Pa. 1978). “The
test for abandonment is whether the complaining party could retain a
reasonable expectation of privacy in the property allegedly abandoned.” Id.
Abandonment is primarily a question of intent, and intent may
be inferred from words spoken, acts done, and other objective
facts. All relevant circumstances existing at the time of the
alleged abandonment should be considered. The issue is not
abandonment in the strict property right sense, but whether the
person prejudiced by the search had voluntarily discarded, left
behind, or otherwise relinquished his interest in the property in
question so that he could no longer retain a reasonable
expectation of privacy with regard to it at the time of the search.
Byrd, 987 A.2d at 791 (emphasis omitted).
This Court previously has held that “placing trash for collection is an
act of abandonment which terminates any [F]ourth [A]mendment
protection.” Commonwealth v. Minton, 432 A.2d 212, 217 (Pa. Super.
1981). In Minton, police removed a large plastic trash bag sitting at the
curb side directly in front of the defendant’s residence, after which they
discovered marijuana in the bag. Id. at 216. In ascertaining the
defendant’s privacy interest in the bag, this Court stated the following:
Perhaps the defendant did in fact believe that the incriminating
evidence of his crime so disposed of would go undetected. If
defendant did, we view it only as additional bad judgment on his
part. In the real world to so view the status of one’s discarded
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trash is totally unrealistic, unreasonable, and in complete
disregard of the mechanics of its disposal. In our view the
placing of trash in the garbage cans at the time and place for
anticipated collection by public employees for hauling to a public
dump signifies abandonment. Defendant may have decided to
assume the risk, calculating no one would think to search in his
garbage can, or he may have been careless, but whatever his
reason he evidenced an intent in a convenient but risky way to
permanently disassociate himself from the incriminating
contents.
Id. at 217 (citation omitted).
Similarly, in Perdue, the pastor of a church had been removed by the
church trustees, and informed that his living accommodations would soon be
terminated. Perdue, 564 A.2d at 478. The pastor was permitted to remain
until October 20, 1986. Id. Prior to that date, the church was severely
vandalized. Id. at 477-78. A police investigator came to the church
premises and recovered evidence, implicating the pastor in the vandalism,
from a garbage bag located in a can under the parsonage porch. Id.
Evidence was also discovered and retrieved from inside the parsonage
during a warrantless search, including items contained within a filing cabinet.
Id. at 478-79. The trial court refused to suppress this evidence. Id. at 479.
On appeal, this Court upheld the trial court’s decision not to suppress the
evidence:
Instantly, the record indicates that the parsonage is connected
with the church by a covered walkway. Being next to a church,
the public has easy access to the parsonage and the surrounding
area. In addition we note that, in many instances, a parsonage
is not used exclusively as a dwelling, but for other purposes,
including meeting and counseling members of the church. As a
result, the parsonage and its surroundings are subject to public
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access. Thus, like the garbage left for collection in Minton …,
the garbage in the instant case was subject to public inspection.
Consequently, no objectively reasonable expectation of privacy
existed….
Id. at 482. Thus, the Court emphasized the public’s access to the items in
determining whether there existed a reasonable expectation of privacy. Id.
Here, after eating candy from McDaniels’s desk, Hopkins took a plastic
cup from a receptacle next to the office water cooler. N.T., 9/16/12, at 54-
55. Using that cup, Hopkins drank water from the water cooler. Id. at 54.
Hopkins then threw the cup into the trash can located next to the water
cooler. 54, 55-56. Immediately thereafter, Hopkins exited the Municipal
Building. Id. at 54. McDaniels testified that she emptied the trash can
daily. Id. at 56. The trash can, used by Hopkins, is located in a public
building, in an area open to and accessible by the public from 8:00 a.m. to
4:30 p.m. Id. at 50. The water cooler and trash can are located four feet
from the entrance to the building. Id. McDaniels specifically testified that
the water cooler and trash can are available to and accessible by the public.
Id. at 56.
The evidence, viewed in a light most favorable to the Commonwealth,
reflects that Hopkins abandoned any reasonable expectation of privacy in his
cup, and the DNA on that cup, when he discarded it in a trash can, which
was available to and accessible by the public, and which was emptied daily.
Further, the evidence reflects that Hopkins’s abandonment was completed
after discarding the cup in a location open to public inspection, then exiting
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the building. Regardless of whether McDaniels had acted as an agent of the
Commonwealth, Hopkins retained no reasonable expectation of privacy in
the discarded cup, or any evidence collected from that cup. Discerning no
error or abuse of discretion, we cannot grant Hopkins relief on his claim.
Accordingly, we affirm Hopkins’s judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/31/2015
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IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF BEAVER COUNTY
PENNSYLVANIA
CRIMINAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
vs. No. 580 of 2012
GREGORY SCOTT HOPKINS
OPINION AND ORDER
H. KNAFELC, J. August 26, 2014
Before the Court is the Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal, wherein the
Defendant, Gregory Scott Hopkins, sets forth several allegations of error. Trial in this matter
concluded on November 22, 2013, after the jury rendered a verdict of guilty as to the count of
Third Degree Murder regarding Catherine Janet Walsh on September 1, 1979.1 On February 26,
2014, this Court sentenced the Defendant to pay a fine of $10,000.00 and undergo
imprisonment in the State Penal or Correctional Institution or Facility for not less than eight (8)
years not more than sixteen (16) years. He received credit for his incarceration from January
29, 2012 until December 4, 2012, and from November 22, 2013 until the date of sentence. The
trial court denied the Defendant's post - trial motions on May 28, 2014.
1
A Criminal Complaint was filed by the PennsylvaniaState Police in this matter on January 29, 2012. A Criminal
Information was filed on June 18, 2012. The Defendant filed an Omnibus Pre - Trial Motion on July 6, 2012. This
Court granted that motion in part on November 5, 2012, when the Court granted the Defendant's Motion to
Preclude Expert Report and Testimony. The Superior Court reversedthis Court's decision on October 4, 2013. This
Court disposed of the remainder of the Pre - Trial issues in its Opinion and Order dated November 4, 2013,
wherein the Court denied the Motion to SuppressDNA evidence and the evidence seized from the Defendant's
place of employment, denied the Defendant's Application to Dismissdue to Pre - Arrest Delay, and denied the
Defendant's Motion for Changeof Venue. Trial in this matter commenced on November 7, 2013.
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The Defendant's Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal sets forth the following:
1) insufficiency of the evidence to sustain a conviction of Third Degree Murder: 2) that the
verdict was against the weight of the evidence: 3) that the evidence seized from the
Defendant's place of employment should have been suppressed in accordance with the Fourth
and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and Article 1 Section 8 of the
Pennsylvania Constitution: 4) that the Criminal Information should have been dismissed as a
result of pre - arrest delay in violation of the Defendant's due process rights: 5) that the trial
court erred in admitting the trial testimony of Detective Andy Gall when he allegedly vouched
for the credibility of the victim's husband, Scott Walsh, in asserting that Mr. Walsh's statements
were consistent: 6) that the trial court erred in allegedly eliciting the testimony of Detective
Andy Gall in a manner that allegedly rehabilitated him with respect to taking certain
statements: 7) that the trial court erred in excluding the testimony of Officer Patrick Young
regarding the statements of Leo Bianco proffered by the Defendant regarding how many times
the sheet had been removed from the victim as being hearsay: 8) that the trial court erred in
sustaining the Commonwealth's objection to the redirect testimony of Dr. Mark Perlin
regarding certain charts he had made: 9) that the trial court erred in overruling the Defendant's
objection to the cross examination of the Defendant's character witness, Richard Neff: 10) that
the trial court erred in overruling the Defendant's objection to the cross examination of Richard
Neff regarding whether he was aware of the fact that Hopkins had hidden assets during
bankruptcy: 11) that the trial court injected itself into the questioning of Detective Andy Gall in
a way that improperly bolstered his credibility regarding the quality of tape recordings and their
transcription: and 12) that the trial court erred when it provided the jury with written
instructions on the elements of the offense over the Defendant's objection that other parts of
the charge should be sent out to the jury.
The crux of the issue in this case dealt with the identity of the perpetrator. As such, the
expert testimony in this matter was critical to determining that issue. We have summarized the
salient and pertinent testimony presented at trial as follows:
Elaine Deluco testified first on behalf of the Commonwealth. She testified that she
grew up in Monaca, and stated that she knew the victim, Janet Walsh, because of the fact that
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(
the victim's grandmother lived across the street from her while she was growing up. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 49). She stated that she also knew the victim from school, and further noted that
Margie Farinacci is her ex sister- in - law; they were married to bothers. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 49).
She testified that on August 31, 1979, she had met her sisters - in - laws, Margie Farinacci and
Georgina Beightley, and Janet Walsh at the nightclub at the Gee Bee Plaza. (N.T. 11/12/13 at
50). She explained that they met at the Getaway at almost 11:00 p.m. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 51).
She noted that she drove her sister - in - law Georgie there. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 51). She noted
that Scott Walsh, Janet's husband, lived across the street from her in - laws. (N.T. 11/12/13 at
52). She relayed that when she arrived, Margie Farinacci and Janet Walsh were already there.
(N.T. 11/12/13 at 52). She noted that they were sitting at a table having a drink while talking
and laughing. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 53). She further noted that she believed the Janet Walsh
danced with someone that evening. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 54). She explained that they stayed until
2:00 or 2:30 a.m., when the bar closed. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 54). She stated that she and Georgie
went home, and Janet Walsh and Margie Farinacci went to Perkins. (N.T. 11/12/13 at SS). She
asserted that Margie Farinacci called her the next day and stated that she had received a call
from Janet's parents, who were concerned that Janet had not shown up for work; Deluco
noted that she then went around the corner to where Janet Walsh had lived and observed that
the police were there. (N.T. 11/12/13 at SS).
On cross, Deluco set forth that she had heard of the Defendant because she was aware
of the fact that he had built her sister - in - law's home. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 56). She asserted
Bob McGrail was the individual the victim danced with that night. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 57). She
further agreed that McGrail left the Getaway with Margie Farinacci and the victim, and they
intended to go to Perkins. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 58 - 59).· She noted that McGrail was with an
individual named Al when she first met him, and also someone named Sam Johns, who was a
Center Township police officer. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 61). She observed that Sam and Al left, but
McGrail had stayed. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 62). She asserted that she saw Janet Walsh, Margie
Farinacci and McGrail walk towards Perkins. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 63). She noted that she went to
the police station on September 1, 1979 in the afternoon, when she gave a written statement.
(N.T. 11/12/13 at 63).
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Georgina Wilson testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. She noted that back on
August 31, 1979, her last name used to be Beightley. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 65). She stated that her
sister - in - law, Margie Farinacci, was friends with Janet Walsh. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 66). She
explained that she went out the evening of August 31, 1979 with her sister- in - law, Elaine, at
around 10:00 or 10:30 to the Getaway in Gee Bee Plaza in Center Township. (N.T. 11/12/13 at
66 - 67). She noted that at that time she resided at Washington Avenue, Monaca. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 67). She explained that when she arrived there with Elaine, they met up with
Margie Farinacci and Janet Walsh. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 68). She stated that the four of them sat
at a table. (N.T. 11/121/3 at 68). She recalled that Marie Farinacci and Janet Walsh may have
danced. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 69). She further testified that she left with her sister - in - law
Elaine at around 2:00 a.m., and noted that Margie and Janet had told them that they were
going to Perkins to get something to eat. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 70). On cross, she noted that
Janet Walsh drank that evening, but she was not aware of how many drinks Janet Walsh had
consumed. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 73).
Margie Farinacci testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. She noted that she
resides in Monaca on Ella Street. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 78). She asserted that she is an
administrator at a doctor's office. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 78). She testified that Colony Square
Builders built her home, and Scott Hopkins, the Defendant, was the owner. (N.T. 11/12/13 at
79). She advised that Colony Square built the last four homes on Ella Street, including her
neighbor's home. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 79 - 80). She noted that she did construction cleaning for
Colony Square Builders for about a year. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 81- 82). She further explained that
Larry Musgrave worked for Colony Square Builders, and had worked with her and her husband
to pick out carpeting and appliances, etc. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 82 - 83). She explained that Janet
and Scott Walsh lived next door to her. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 83). She further noted that she had
grown up across the street from Scott Walsh, (N.T. 11/12/13 at 84). She noted that she and
her husband went out with Janet and Scott Walsh on several occasions. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 85 -
86). She further testified that sometimes while she was doing a heavy construction cleaning,
Janet Walsh would bring lunch to her. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 86 - 87).
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Farinacci testified that on August 31, 1979, Janet and Scott Walsh were having problems
and were either separated or divorced. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 88). She noted that on that date, she
and Janet Walsh, along with her sisters - in law, Georgie and Elaine, went out for the evening.
(N.T. 11/12/13 at 88, 90). She further remembered that at that time Janet Walsh was living on
Indiana Avenue and Scott Walsh was still residing in the house next to her. (N.T. 11/12/13 at
89). She explained that Janet Walsh was very clean and always cleaned her apartment. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 89). She asserted that the four women went to the Getaway that evening. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 90). She noted that first, she and Janet had stopped at the Top of the Mall at the
Beaver Valley Mall. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 92). After that, they went to the Getaway at the Gee Bee
Plaza and met Elaine and Georgie there. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 94). She testified that she and Janet
both drove that night. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 94). She agreed that they all had a few drinks. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 95). She stated that she remembered that there had been dancing, but could not
remember any of the specifics. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 96). She noted that they stayed until the bar
closed at around 2:30 a.m. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 97). She testified that at that point, she and Janet
walked to Perkins, and her sisters - in - law went home. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 97). She testified
that the report she reviewed noted that a guy named McGrail went to Perkins with them and
sat down with them at the booth; he was attempting to get a ride home, but Janet told him to
move to another table. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 98). She further noted that the report set forth that
he then sat with people with whom he worked. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 98). She further relayed that
she believed that they left Perkins at around 4:00 a.m. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 99). She stated that
she then got into her car and went home. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 99).
Farinacci testified that the next day there was a Labor Day picnic for Colony Square
Builders' employees at the model home. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 100 - 01). She stated that Scott
Hopkins was running Colony Square Builders. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 101). She noted that she and
her husband had planned to attend the picnic and she was supposed to bring lasagna there.
(N.T. 11/12/13 at 102). Farinacci then asserted that they did not attend the picnic because one
of Janet's parents had called her, and then her sister- in - law Elaine had come up to her house
and was wondering why there were police cars at Janet's home. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 103). She
noted that she and Elaine then drove down to Janet's apartment. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 104). At
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i·
\
that point, she spoke with Janet's brother and was informed that Janet was deceased, and the
Coroner and police were there. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 105). She asserted that at one point that
day, she walked through the apartment, and observed that the victim's ironing board was up
along with the dress she had worn the night before lying over the ironing board. (N.T. 11/12/13
at 106 - 07). Further, she observed that Janet's shoes were on the floor in a normal position
and her jewelry was laid out on the dresser. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 107). She stated that at some
point that day, she was with Detective Gall and the Chief at the police station. (N.T. 11/12/13
at 108). She further noted that it was her understanding that her husband had called Scott
Hopkins to let him know they would not be attending the picnic. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 109).
On cross, Farinacci asserted that after Janet and Scott Walsh separated, Janet moved to
downtown Monaca, which was a mile or two from Farinacci's home. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 112).
Farinacci was shown a police report dated September 10, 1979, and agreed that in accordance
with what she had told Detective Gall then, Scott Walsh had been following Janet and had
continuously asked Farinacci about Janet. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 113 - 14). She noted that the
report indicates that there were some occasions where she, Janet Walsh and Scott Hopkins
were together, and she was the one who had introduced Scott Hopkins to Janet. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 115). She agreed that on August 31, 1979, Janet Walsh had picked her and her son
up and took them to Wendy's restaurant; they then returned to Farinacci's house. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 115). She further agreed that at around 9:45 p.m., Farinacci went to Janet
Walsh's apartment on Indiana Avenue; the two of them each took separate cars and went to
the Top of the Mall. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 116 - 17). She noted that they each had a drink there
and then left and drove to the Getaway in Gee Bee Plaza, where they met up with Elaine
Farinacci and Georgina Beightley. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 117). She agreed that they were drinking
while at the Getaway. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 118). She further agreed that according to Detective
Gall's October 4, 1979 report, the victim had four to five Southern Comfort Manhattans and
had danced with Robert McGrail. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 118). She reiterated that at around 2:30,
Georgina and Elaine went home. (NT. 11/12/13 at 119 - 20). She further agreed that she, Janet
Walsh and McGrail went to Perkins together, and at one point, Janet Walsh asked McGrail to
leave the table, stating that her husband gets upset when he sees her with other men. (N.T.
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11/12/13 at 120 - 21). She also noted that she had left Perkins at around 4:00 a.m.; she does
not recall seeing Janet Walsh get into her car and drive away, and further did not recall seeing
McGrail leave. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 124). On re-direct, Farinacci denied having any contact with
Scott Walsh when she got home. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 132 - 33).
Next, Francesco Caltieri testified on behalf of the Commonwealth. He stated that he
was Janet Walsh's brother. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 134). He testified that in late August, early
September of 1979, Janet Walsh was residing at 935 Indiana Avenue and owned a lime green
Monte Carlo. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 135). He asserted that his father, Pete Caltury, passed away on
June 28, 2013. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 137). Francesco Caltieri then read into evidence a transcript
from a prior proceeding in which Pete Caltury had previously testified. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 137 -
38).
Peter Caltury testified that his daughter, Janet Walsh, had lived in an apartment at 935
Indiana Avenue in the bottom half of the building; the apartment had three doors. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 139 - 40). He noted that the front, back and side doors all had locks, and he stated
that he would typically visit her by entering though the front door. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 140). He
asserted that she usually had the doors locked. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 140 - 41). He indicated that
he visited her two or three days a week. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 141). He testified that around the
time of her death, his daughter had asked him to change the locks, but he had never gotten
around to doing it. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 141). He relayed that she typically kept her residence
clean and neat, and she was up to date on her laundry. (N.T. 11./12/13 at 142).
Pete Caltury asserted that on September 1, 1979, at around 10:00 or 10:30 a.m., Ron
Ciccozzi, his daughter's boss, had called him and reported that Janet had not shown up for
work. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 143). He stated that they tried to call her but got no answer, so they
drove to her house; they got in through the back door with a key. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 143 - 44).
He noted that the back door opened into the kitchen. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 144). He indicated that
his wife, Mary Jane, was with him at the time. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 144). He stated that he then
went into his daughter's bedroom, and saw her face down on the bed; he pulled the bed sheet
away and saw that her hands were tied behind her back with a cord. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 145 -
46). He then testified that he couldn't get a pulse from her wrist, so he called the police. (N.T.
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11/12/13 at 146). He then chased his wife out of the room. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 147). He
asserted that he did not touch any of the evidence or move the body; he also did not move the
sheet again. (N.T, 11/12/13 at 147). He then stated that five minutes later, Officer Andy Gall
arrived; he let him in through the front door. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 148). He further asserted that
he unlocked the front door to let the officer in, and also noted that his mother owned the
residence at 935 Indiana Avenue. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 148). On cross, Pete Caltury stated that he
first entered the residence through the back door, he did not notice anything unusual or
disturbed in the kitchen, the hallway leading to the bedroom, or the bedroom. (N.T. 11/12/13
at 149 - SO). He indicated that there was nothing about the bedroom that indicated a struggle.
(N.T. 11/121/3 at 151).
Detective Andrew Gall was the lead investigator in this matter and testified as follows
during trial: Detective Gall stated that he is currently the Assistant Chief of Detectives for the
Beaver County District Attorney's office, and has been so employed since 1988. (N.T. 11/12/13
at 161). He noted that he started working as a police officer for the Borough of Monaca in
1975; he also worked part-time in Chippewa and as a patrolman in Baden. (N.T. 11/12/13 at
161). He further relayed that he was one of the investigating officers in this matter. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 162).
Detective Gall testified that he became involved with the case at hand when he received
a call form Jim Kovac of the Monaca Police Department, who informed him that a man at 935
Indiana Avenue had called because he had found his daughter dead. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 163).
Detective Gall asserted that he went to the house immediately, knocked on the door, and was
let in by Mr. Caltury, who unlocked the chain lock to let him in. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 164 - 65). At
that point, Detective Gall observed that Mary Jane Caltury, Mr. Caltury's wife, was in the first
part of the room, which was a sun porch. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 169). He testified that he then
went back to bedroom and viewed the body of the victim. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 169). He stated
that the bed sheet was up near her neck, and he could tell by the appearance of her fact that
she was deceased. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 170). Detective Gall testified that he shut down the
scene, and then called Chief Conti, the Pennsylvania State Police, the Coroner's office, a
photographer, and the Beaver County Detectives. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 170). He further explained
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that there was a rear door to the residence from which the Calturys had entered into the home,
and also noted that there was an alley located behind the home running parallel between
Atlantic Avenue and Indiana Avenue. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 172). He also pointed out that the
victim resided in the bottom apartment of the home, and noted that the steps up to the back
door led up to the victim's bedroom. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 173 - 74). Detective Gall relayed that
when he walked into the residence, he noticed a key with a "Reliable Refrigeration" key chain
with a support check from Scott Walsh rolled up into it, which he placed on a stool to get it out
of the way. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 175 - 76, 181-82). He further asserted that Gwen Sloan was the
photographer who took pictures of the crime scene. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 176). He noted that the
pictures placed into evidence depicted that the victim's furniture was sparse, but was well -
kept and very neat. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 179). In explaining a sketch of the victim's bedroom as it
was on September 1, 1979, he noted that her bedroom contained a bed, an end table with a
phone, lamp, and an alarm clock on it, a pillow from the bed that was on the floor, a clothes
basket containing towels, panties and pantyhose, another clothes basket, an exercise bicycle, a
pillow on the bed, a bathrobe lying at the bottom of the bed, a small stand in the corner of the
room, and an ironing board with shoes under it. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 183). The Commonwealth
then displayed a picture of the victim as she was found, and it depicted that the victim was
wearing a light blue handkerchief around her neck and a nightgown. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 184 -
85). Detective Gall noted that the handkerchief was tied tightly around her neck, and was
knotted around her hair. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 185).
Detective Gall relayed that Chief Rocky Conti, the Monaca Police Chief, arrived, and two
Center officers arrived and went to the front of the house. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 185 - 86). After
that, Deputy Coroner Harper Simpson, Detectives Bernie Cashdollar and Royal Hart from the
Beaver County District Attorneys' office, and Pennsylvania State Trooper Rich Matas arrived.
(N.T. 11/12/13 at 185 - 86). Prior to the detectives, the State Trooper and the Coroner arriving,
Detective Gall took the Calturys to their car and then to the police station for a statement.
(N.T. 11/12/13 at 188). At that point, he learned that the victim had been out with three ladies
the evening before. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 188). Elaine Farinucci (now Elaine Deluco) and Margie
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Farinacci both gave statements. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 188 - 89). The victim's body was removed
by ambulance and was taken to the Rochester Hospital. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 190).
On cross, Detective Gall noted that when Mr. Caltury had called the police from the
phone next to the bed, he also called Leo Bianco, his brother- in - law, along with Mr. Caltury's
two sons. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 191). He agreed that Mr. Caltury had pulled the sheet down to
look at the body, but he stated that he couldn't remember if Leo Bianco had pulled the sheet
down. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 192). He further noted that when he got to the front door, it was
unlatched by Mr. Caltury for the first time that day. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 192). He agreed that he
saw no signs of forcible entry. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 193). He further noted that when he arrived at
the home, Janet Walsh's car was parked in front. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 193). He agreed that he
checked the body and secured the scene. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 194).
Detective Gall further asserted that he found a support check from Scott Walsh and a
Dale Carnegie mail-out wrapped in a Reliable Refrigeration keychain on the floor when he went
in through the front door. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 195 - 96). He noted that based upon his
investigation, Janet's husband had found the keychain in the yard of the house where the
victim and Walsh had lived together. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 196). He noted that the Pennsylvania
State Police became the primary investigating agency for the entire case. (N.T. 11/12/13 at
200).
Harper Simpson testified next for the Commonwealth. He stated that he is retired from
the Allegheny County Department of Health and the Florida Department of Health. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 202). He noted that he served as the Deputy Coroner for Beaver County from 1973
until 1983. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 202). He asserted that he was called to the scene on Indiana
Avenue by the Monaca police in order to determine the cause and manner of death. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 203 - 04). He noted that he had reported on the Vital Information form that the
victim had been getting a divorce, but it was not yet finalized. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 207). Also, his
report set forth that the time of death was estimated to be around 5:00 a.m.; he noted that he
received that information from the pathologist. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 207). He explained that the
time and date listed of September 1, 1979 at 1:05 p.m. was the time he had the whole view of
the death scene. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 207). He further testified that the manner of death was
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strangulation. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 208). He also noted that when he entered the bedroom at 935
Indiana Avenue, nothing appeared to be disturbed and everything appeared to be in order.
(N.T. 11/12/13 at 210). On cross, Mr. Simpson again reiterated that the Coroner's report
indication that the estimated time of death was approximately 5:00 a.m. was based upon Dr.
Gary Marcus' findings regarding the contents of her stomach as determined from the autopsy.
(N.T. 11/12/13 at 216).
Next, Dr. Gary Marcus M.D. testified on behalf of the Commonwealth. He testified that
he is a pathologist, and noted that in 1979, he was employed as a pathologist in Beaver County.
(N,T. 11/12/13 at 222). He agreed that Commonwealth's Exhibit No. 26 was his autopsy report
prepared on September 1, 1979. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 222 - 23). He agreed that the victim's
nightshirt was on her body at the time of the autopsy, and was turned over to the police. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 223). He denied that alternative light source testing was available back in 1979.
(N.T. 11/12/13 at 223). He noted that there were ligature marks on the victim's neck and
wrists. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 224). Moreover, he stated that he saw no signs of struggle. (N.T.
11/12/13 at 226). He asserted that the cause of death was asphyxia, secondary to
strangulation. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 228). He asserted that he believed her time of death was
sometime between 5:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. based upon the gastric contents. (N.T. 11/12/13 at
228). On cross, Dr. Marcus asserted that he took swabs from the victim's mouth and vagina.
(N.T. 11/112/13 at 235). On re-direct, Dr. Marcus noted that the time of death could have been
earlier, depending upon when the victim ate last. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 236). On re-cross, he
affirmed that he found no evidence of rape. (N.T. 11/12/13 at 239).
Dr. James Smith testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. He testified that he is
an M.D. and a forensic pathologist who has been involved in forensic pathology for twenty- five
(25) to thirty (30) years. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 6). He asserted that in 1989, he was asked to review
an autopsy report from Dr. Marcus regarding this case. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 7). He stated that he
agreed with Dr. Marcus' conclusions. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 8). He described the evidence of the
victim choking due to the handkerchief around her neck. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 12-13). Further, he
noted that the Commonwealth's Exhibit 27 displayed the handkerchief around the victim's neck
and the cord from the bathrobe tying her hands behind her back. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 13). He
11
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asserted that the evidence indicated that the rope was tied on her hands prior to her death
because of the degree of cyanosis. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 13-14).
Trooper Richard Matas testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. He asserted that
he was a Trooper for the Pennsylvania State Police for twenty - five (25) years, and worked in
the Criminal Investigation unit. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 21- 22). He recalled being called to the scene
of this crime in 1979 after receiving a call from Detective Andy Gall of the Monaca Police
Department regarding the situation at 935 Indiana Avenue. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 23 - 24). When
he arrived at the scene, Harper Simpson and other police officers from Monaca were there.
(N.T. 11/13/13 at 24). He asserted that he and Patrolman Gall went into the residence and
then into the bedroom where the victim was located. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 25). Trooper Matas
noted that he observed that the apartment was very clean and orderly. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 25).
Further, he noted that the apartment was a first floor apartment, and there didn't appear to be
any forced entry into the residence. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 25). He explained that the victim was on
her bed with her face down, had a blue workman's handkerchieftied around her neck, and her
hands were tied behind her back (N.T. 11/13/13 at 25 - 26). He asserted that the victim was
partially covered by the bed sheet when he first observed her, and further noted that he
removed the part of sheet and observed the victim. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 26). He explained that
the police tried to maintain the continuity of the scene from its initial discovery up until the
collection of the evidence. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 27). He further noted that Gwen Sloan, the local
photographer, took photographs of the crime scene before the evidence was collected. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 27). He noted that the photographer was directed by himself or Trooper Fred Rea,
who was the records and information officer, in photographing the crime scene. (11/13/13 at
28). After the pictures were taken and Trooper Rea arrived at the scene, certain items were
processed and dusted for fingerprints. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 30). He noted that after that, the
evidence was collected from the victim's person. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 30). He further noted that
Trooper Rea submitted a reported indicating that the latent prints that were lifted matched the
victim, with the exception of some latent prints from the passenger side window of her vehicle
which were not identified. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 31). Regarding the collection of evidence, he
explained that the handkerchief that was tied around her neck was cut from her neck while
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(
leaving the knot in place, placed in a State Police evidence envelope, and labeled. (N.T. at
11/13/13 at 31). He further noted that the rope would have been cut, not left in place, and
secured in a State Police evidence envelope. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 31 - 32). Upon reviewing
Commonwealth's Exhibit 18, a photograph of the victim, Trooper Matas identified the photo as
depicting the victim in the position in which he observed her initially. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 33). He
further asserted that he took the sheet off of the victim. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 34). He further
pointed out that the handkerchief ligature was sufficiently tight to cause indentations in the
victim's throat. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 36). He further noted that he cut off the ropes from around
her hands using an instrument, and noted that the ropes were tied tight enough to prevent the
victim from escaping the tie. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 37). He stated that the victim had reddening
around her wrists resulting from the tight binding of the cord. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 38). He
further identified the articles of clothing on the ironing board in the bedroom as the clothes she
had been wearing when she was out for the evening. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 39). He insisted that
nothing was out of place and nothing appeared to be ransacked. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 40).
Trooper Matas further noted that he went to the Rochester Hospital after the autopsy
had been performed to collect the nightshirt top that had been covering the victim from the
waist up. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 42). He noted that he placed the nightshirt in the evidence bag and
labeled it at 6:30 on September 1, 1979. (N.T. 11/11/13 at 44 - 45). He further identified the
handkerchief and the rope which bound the victim's hands, which he collected on September 1,
1979. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 46 - 48). He further identified the blue terrycloth robe that he
retrieved when he picked it up from the lower portion of the bed at the base of the victim's
feet, to the right of her body. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 49). Also, he identified the fitted sheet, top
sheet, and pillow cases he removed from the victim's bed. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 50 - 52). Further,
he noted that he observed what appeared to be a large urine stain in the center of the sheet.
(N.T. 11/13/13 at 52-53). Moreover, he asserted that he didn't detect any foreign matter on
the nightgown. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 53). Also, he displayed for the jury the set of keys with a
yellow tag setting forth "Reliable Refrigeration," a piece of mail, and a check from Scott Walsh
in the amount of $75.00 made out to Catherine Walsh dated September 1, 1979. (N.T.
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(
11/13/13 at 55 - 56). He agreed that the evidence he collected was sent to the State Police
Crime Lab, and he received a report back from them. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 56 - 57).
On cross, Trooper Matas reiterated that when he arrived at the scene, he observed that
the body was partially covered. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 59). He again noted that the bathrobe found
at the foot of the bed was missing the cord, so he made the assumption that the cord that had
been tied around the victim's hands could have come from that bathrobe. (N.T. 11/13/13 at
63). He again agreed that he had arrived at the scene that day at 1:05 p.m., and was briefed by
Chief Conti and Patrolman Gall of the Monaca Police Department. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 67). He
further agreed that he had removed the sheet from the body. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 68). He also
agreed that he saw no signs of forced entry, and the front door had a chain and key lock on it.
(N.T. 11/13/13 at 68). He also agreed that the side door could only be locked from the inside,
and the back door had a hex lock on it, which would cause it to lock when it was pulled shut.
(N.T. 11/13/13 at 69 - 70). He noted that the assailant would have to have left through either
the back or side door. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 69). He further explained that Trooper Fred Rea lifted
fingerprints from a glass in the kitchen and from the passenger side window of the vehicle; the
fingerprints from the kitchen glass matched the victim and the fingerprints from the vehicle
were not matched to anyone. (N.T. at 11/13/13 at 70 - 72). He further agreed that the victim's
vehicle was parked out in front of the home. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 74 - 75). He also asserted that
he was not able to uncover anything to suggest the Defendant was with the victim at the
Getaway Lounge or the Top of the Mall. (N .T. 11/13/13 at 75).
Again, Trooper Matas explained that he did not observe any staining on the nightgown
top when he observed it on the victim. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 76). Further, he noted that he also
did not observe any liquid or markings on the robe tie. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 78). He denied
noticing any substance on the handkerchief. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 82). He further testified that he
observed a small amount of blood coming from the victim's mouth. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 85).
Further, he stated that he collected the two bed sheets and put them in the same bag. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 86). He agreed that he took the packaged evidence from the scene back to the
Pennsylvania State Police Barracks in Chippewa Township, and turned the items over to the
receiving officer, who would have secured them in the evidence room. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 88).
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Later, the items were transported to the Greensburg Crime Lab in the containers in which they
had been packaged. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 89). He explained that after the laboratory had
completed its analysis, the State Police received a report back from the laboratory. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 94). He identified Exhibit F as the lab report that he would have received back
from Ralph Plankenhorn, Criminologist with the Pennsylvania State Police, with regard to the
items that were taken from the scene plus the rape kit, and noted that the items listed were
the items he submitted. (N. T. 11/13/13 at 97). He agreed that regarding the nightgown top,
the finding he received from the report dated September 21, 1979 set forth that it did not have
any observable trace evidence. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 100).
On re-direct, Trooper Matas noted that regarding the Reliable Refrigeration keys that
were found that had been placed through the mail slot by Scott Walsh, the keys had been
found by Scott Walsh between his house and Margie Farinacci's house. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 103).
He explained that the keys did not work at the victim's residence, and further pointed out that
Margie Farinacci also worked at Reliable Refrigeration. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 103). He further
agreed that based upon the investigation, the victim was killed in her bed. (N.T. 11/13/13 at
103). He further noted that "DNA was not even remotely thought of in 1979." (N.T. 11/13/13
at 104). He also agreed that in accordance with Plankenhorn's report, the hair found in the
handkerchief was the victim's hair. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 105). Further, the victim's blood type
matched the blood found on the pillowcase. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 106). He reiterated that the
fingerprints on the glasses lifted by Trooper Rea matched the victim's, and the fingerprints
lifted from the passenger side window did not match the victim. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 107). He
again noted that McGrail was interviewed extensively and was interviewed on more than one
occasion. (N.T. 11/131/3 at 107). Moreover, he agreed that based upon the information he
was given, the victim had left Perkins alone with the intention of returning home. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 107 - 08). He noted that when he packaged up the evidence, the rope, nightgown,
and handkerchief were all packaged separately. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 109).
Scott Walsh testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. He testified that Catherine
Janet Walsh was his first wife. (N.T. 11/131/3 at 113 - 14). He stated that he met her in high
school, and married her on August 14, 1976; he noted they were still married at the time of her
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death. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 114 - 15). He explained that after they were married, they lived on
Washington Avenue in Monaca in a house they purchased from his mother and father, and
then moved to Ella Street in Monaca Heights in June of 1977. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 115). He
asserted that when they lived on Ella Street, they were neighbors with Margie Farinacci. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 115). Furthermore, he testified that their houses were built by Colony Square
Builders, and the Defendant was the builder. (N.T. 11/11/13 at 116). He testified that his first
wife and Ms. Farinacci went out together and went shopping together, etc. (N.T. 11/13/13 at
117). He set forth that he knew that the Defendant had built his house and further noted that
he met the Defendant once in Ms. Farinacci's driveway. (N.T. 11/13/13 at - 18). He further
explained that he and the victim separated in December of 1978, got back together in early
January of 1979, and then separated finally in late May or early June of 1979. (N.T. 11/13/13 at
117 - 18). He noted that they split up for financial reasons. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 118). He further
noted that she had a job with Reliable Refrigeration, and he worked for St. Joe in Monaca at the
time. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 118).
Walsh testified that during the separation, he and the victim still talked to each other
and would call each other all the time. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 119). He further stated that when
they separated, she moved out of the Ella Street home and moved to Indiana Avenue in
Monaca. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 120). He denied having a key to her apartment on Indiana Avenue.
(N.T. 11/13/13 at 121). He admitted that he had been to her apartment around three or four
times while she was present. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 121). He noted that her sleeping attire usually
consisted of at-shirt and underwear. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 121). Further, Walsh denied having any
sexual contact with her at the Indiana Avenue house. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 121 - 22). He described
her as a tidy housekeeper and noted that she did her laundry every week. (N.T. 11/13/13 at
122). Regarding her bed sheets, Walsh stated that she would launder them either every week
or every other week. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 122). He further noted that she would wear a
bandanna when she was cleaning. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 123). Again, he noted that from the
separation until the victim's death, he talked with Ms. Walsh at least two or three times per
week. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 124). He further noted that for a period of time, Barbara Cindrich was
living with the victim. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 124).
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( (
Walsh explained that he filed for divorce the first time they separated in November, but
then he and the victim reconciled in December. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 125). He further asserted
that the parties had a legal separation, and explained that as part of that separation, he gave
her $75.00 per month in support on the first day of each month. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 126). He
noted that the September 1st check may have been the first one, and further pointed out that
he tried to give her the check in person. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 126).
Walsh relayed that he worked at St. Joe's on Friday, August 31, 1979, and further noted
that he left around 11:00 or 12:00 that day; he noted that he had an appointment with an
appraiser to get the Ella Street house appraised. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 127). He noted that he was
meeting with the appraiser to begin the process of selling the house. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 129).
He explained that after he met with the appraiser, he had plans with a friend of his named Jim
Ross to go to a Beaver Falls - Blackhawk football game. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 130). He noted that
he talked to the victim on the phone to let her know how the appraisal went, and he noted that
the conversation ended with the victim telling him that she had signed his yearbooks. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 131 - 32). She had left a note for him and had been at the house earlier that day.
(N.T. 11/13/13 at 132). He explained that he went to the yearbooks and looked at them. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 133). He identified his 1971, 1972, and 1973 Monaca Yearbooks and further
identified the victim's handwriting and signature, noting that she had signed the notebooks
with comments such as she would always love him and that they were "meant to be." (N.T.
11/13/13 at 133 - 37). He testified that the first time he saw those entries in his yearbooks was
on August 31, 1979 prior to going out for the evening. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 137 - 38). He further
stated that he saw the victim between 4:00 and 5:00 p.m., at the top of Ella Street, as she was
coming around the bend to get to Margie Farinacci's house. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 130 - 31). He
pointed out that they both rolled down their windows and had a brief conversation, and he
asserted that she told him that she was going out to eat with Margie Farinacci. (N.T. 11/13/13
at 131).
He testified that he picked up his friend at his friend's home in Beaver Falls,
Pennsylvania, and they went out to eat together at the C.W. Restaurant on Darlington Road.
(N.T. 11/13/13 at 138 - 39). He explained that they then went to the Northwestern stadium for
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the Blackhawk and Beaver Falls football game. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 139). He further relayed that
on the way home, they stopped at a restaurant on Route 51 where they had a drink and ate
something. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 139). He then pointed out that his friend became ill, and he
ended up taking his friend to the Beaver Falls Hospital. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 140). He testified that
they got there probably around 11:30, and stayed until after 1:00 waiting to be seen. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 140). Afterwards, Walsh stated that he took his friend home to his residence in
Beaver Falls, and then went home to his house on Ella Street at around 2:00 a.m. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 140 - 41). He asserted that he was home for five to ten minutes when he received
a phone call from Ilene Brenneman, a seventeen (17) year - old girl whom he was seeing at the
time. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 141). They had a discussion about coming over; she then came to his
house shortly after 2:00 a.m., and the two of them engaged in oral sex. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 141-
42). He asserted that she left around 2:30 a.m., went up to the mall to get gas, then went to
pick up her sister, and then went home. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 142). He testified that he had fallen
asleep on the couch, and was awakened by a phone call from Ms. Brenneman around 3:30 a.m.
(N.T. 11/13/13 at 142 - 43). He asserted that he then went back to sleep, and denied seeing
Ms. Farinacci arrive home. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 143).
Walsh testified that he woke up the next morning around 9:00 or 9:30 a.m. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 143 - 44). He noted that he went to the Equibank in Beaver that morning to do
some banking, and then went to the post office in Monaca around quarter to twelve. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 144). He noted that when he came into Monaca, he made a left on Indiana
Avenue, and saw the victim's father, Mr. Caltury, walking down the street; he noted that he
and Mr. Caltury waved. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 144). Next, Walsh testified that he arrived at the
post office at around 11:55 a.m., and then went to the victim's house to give her a check. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 145). He noted that he knocked on her door twice, but there was no response.
(N.T. 11/13/13 at 146). He explained that he had a check for her with him and a key ring for
her. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 146). He further explained that about two or three days earlier while he
was cutting grass in his yard in between his house and Margie Farinacci's house, he found a set
of keys with a Reliable Refrigeration key chain. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 146 - 47). He noted that he
put the check in the loop of the keychain, took the letter from the mail slot, and pushed them
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all through the slot at around 12:05 p.m. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 147, 149). Walsh further explained
that around 1:00 or a few minutes after 1:00, he got a phone call from the victim's father and
was informed that the victim was deceased. {N.T. 11/13/13 at 150). He asserted that he went
down to the Monaca Police Station, where he encountered the victim's mother and father.
(N.T. 11/13/13 at 151). He then dropped the victim's parents off at the victim's home on
Indiana Avenue and then went to the victim's parents' house for about two hours. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 152). He observed that there was a phone call from the Monaca police asking him
to come down to the Monaca Police Department. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 152). He testified that he
talked to the police, including Detective Andy Gall, and Trooper Matas, for around forty - five
minutes. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 153). He asserted that he talked with them many times over the
years. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 153). Finally, he denied killing his wife. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 155).
On cross, Walsh denied having sex with the victim during the parties' separation. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 156). He asserted that on the morning of September 1, 1979, he went to the
Equibank in Beaver to cash a paycheck. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 164). He agreed that he married
Deborah Lester on April 12, 1980. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 167 - 68). On re - direct, Walsh asserted
that he met Ms. Lester on October 12, 1979. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 169).
Next, Francesco Caltieri, the victim's brother, was called to the stand. (N.T. 11/13/13 at
174). He identified his sister's handwriting and signature in Walsh's yearbooks. (N.T. 11/13/13
at 174 - 75). Ilene Rowan, formerly known as Ilene Brenneman, testified next on behalf of the
Commonwealth. She relayed that on September 1, 1979, she called Scott Walsh and got a hold
of him at around 2:00 a.m., and made plans with him to go over to his house located on Ella
Street in Monaca. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 177 - 78). She asserted that she arrived there at around
five or ten minutes after 2:00 a.m. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 178). She noted that she left around 2:50
a.m. and further admitted that something sexual probably happened while she was there. (N.T.
11/13/13 at 179). She asserted that after she left his residence she went back to her friend's
house to pick up her sister, and then went home. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 179). She pointed out that
she called Walsh to tell him that she got home at around 3:45 or 4:00 a.m., and further noted
that he was sleeping when he answered the phone. (N.T. 11/13/13 at 179 - 80).
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Robert McGrail testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. He noted that he is sixty
- four {64) years old and resides in Saugus, Massachusetts. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 17). He asserted
that in the late 1970's, he lived on Brodhead Road in Beaver County, and noted that the Penn
State Beaver Campus abutted his property. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 17-18). He further noted that he
worked at Ciro's Top of the Mall restaurant and Woolworth's at the mall. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 18
- 19). He noted that he did not have a car in August or early September of 1979. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 19).
McGrail testified that on the night of August 31, 1979, he went out that night with his
friend Al Awad to the Getaway, and noted that his friend picked him up and took him there.
(N.T. 11/14/13 at 20 - 21). He testified that he met the victim because he approached her and
asked her to dance while she was at a table with some friends. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 22). He
relayed that he danced with the victim several times and also spoke with her; his friend Al
Awad left early. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 23 - 24). He relayed that when he asked the victim for a
ride home, she told him she was going to Perkins, which was located within walking distance in
the mall area. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 24). He noted that when he got to Perkins, he sat down with
her, and upon asking her for a ride home, she commented that she was going through a
divorce, her husband was jealous, and she never knew when her husband would show up. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 25). He testified that she more or less asked him to leave, and he then got up from
the table. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 25). He noted that he then sat down with a girl named "Liz" with
whom he worked. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 26). He asserted that he ordered something to eat and
had a conversation with Liz, and left after he finished what he had ordered. (N.T. 11/14/13 at
26 - 28). He stated that he then walked through the parking lot of Perkins and walked up a
steep hill, down the hill and across a creek to get home. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 28 - 29). He
asserted that he then went to bed and fell asleep. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 29). He explained that he
was awakened by the police, and he then went to the Monaca police station with the police
and was questioned by them. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 29 - 30). He noted that they brought him
home after he was questioned. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 30 - 31). He asserted that at his second
meeting with the police, they asked him to identify his checkbook. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 31). He
asserted that he did not know it was missing until they showed it to him. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 32).
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He explained that he thought he had it with him the night he went out, and had placed it in the
side pocket of his sport coat. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 32). He further agreed that he had been dating
a girl, Sandra Henry, who lived in Rochester, Pennsylvania, and whom he had met at the Infinity
Club in Rochester, Pennsylvania. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 33).
On cross, McGrail reiterated his testimony on direct. He agreed that he slept in late on
September 1, 1979 due the fact that he had a hangover, and was awakened when the police
came to his door at 4:00 p.m. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 37). He again noted that when he left Perkins
he walked up the hill behind the Gee Bee plaza. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 46). He noted that he didn't
report the checkbook as having been stolen because he didn't know he had lost it until it was
presented to him at the police station around September 10, 1979. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 52 - 53).
On re - direct, he testified that he had no idea where the victim lived, as he had just met her.
(N.T. 11/14/13 at 54).
Detective Andrew Gall was then recalled to the stand. He explained that none of the
suspects were eliminated until after the police knew who committed the crime and the person
was charged. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 57). He pointed out that the police talked to Scott Walsh at
4:50 in the afternoon on September 1, 1979. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 59). He testified that he spoke
to Scott Walsh ten times over the course of the investigation, and noted that the second
interview with Scott Walsh occurred on September 12, 1979. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 61). He noted
that on September 15, 1979, he and Patrolman Kovac, Scott Walsh and Pete Caltury removed a
blue terrycloth robe, a maroon terrycloth robe and $44.00 in cash from the victim's apartment.
(N.T. 11/14/13 at 62). He further asserted that he had found out through his investigation that
when the victim and Scott Walsh got married, they resided in a house given to them by Scott's
parents on Washington Avenue, and then sold that house to pay for the house on Ella Street;
when the house was sold, Walsh split the proceeds with the Caltury family. (N.T. 11/14/13 at
66). He further noted that Scott Walsh provided the police with a Buccal swab. (N.T. 11/14/13
at 67). Finally, he explained that the DNA found at the scene on the nightgown, robe tie, and
the sheets did not belong to Scott Walsh. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 67). He further agreed that he had
interviewed McGail along with Detective Cashdollar, Chief Conti, Detective Hart and Trooper
Matas when McGrail was brought down to the police station at 4:20 on September 1, 1979.
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(N.T. 11/14/13 at 68 - 69). He explained that the detectives of the D.A.'s office had brought a
small handheld tape recorder with them and recorded the interview with McGrail. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 69). After the interview was over, the tape was taken back to the D.A.'s and was
transcribed; however, nobody knew what happened to the tapes. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 70). He
noted that McGrail had informed them that Ms. Walsh had been wearing slacks, but in fact she
had been wearing a dress that had been found on the ironing board in her bedroom. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 73). He further relayed that they met with McGrail again on September 20, 2014
regarding the checkbook. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 73). He testified that on September 7, 1979,
Wanda Jesky found the checkbook lying in the gutter on Ninth Street, which is the street that
runs from downtown Monaca to the Monaca - Rochester Bridge. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 74). He
noted that he was present when McGrail was videotaped during the interview in
Massachusetts. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 80). Detective Gall testified that McGrail provided the same
account of what had occurred when he spoke to the police in Massachusetts as when he had
been interviewed in 1979. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 81). He further relayed that McGrail provided a
Buccal swab. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 81 - 84). He noted that the sample was sent to the
Pennsylvania State Police Crime Lab, and the lab determined that McGrail's DNA did not match
any ofthe DNA found at the scene. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 85).
On cross, Detective Gall reiterated that when he was interviewed in Massachusetts,
McGrail told pretty much the same version of events as he had told the police on September 1,
1979. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 86). He agreed that the interview in Massachusetts was in December
of 2011. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 89). He reiterated that the checkbook was found nine houses from
935 Indiana Avenue. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 90). He further relayed that after the police told
McGrail that they had a search warrant, McGrail replied that they didn't need the search
warrant because he would gladly give them the sample. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 93). Detective Gall
agreed that the defense expert's report indicated that Scott Walsh's DNA was found on the
sheets. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 95 - 96).
Regarding the interviews, Detective Gall testified that the police interviewed Scott
Walsh on September 19, 1979 from 5:00 until 7:30, and agreed that his notes set forth that
Scott Walsh had explained why he had originally lied about Irene Brenneman, but further noted
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that there was no new information given. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 97 - 98). He further agreed that
the interview with Scott Walsh was taped but not transcribed. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 98 - 99). He
also agreed that he had learned from Scott Walsh on September 1, 1979 that Mr. Walsh had
learned from Barbara Cindrich that morning that his wife had been seeing the Defendant. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 102). On re - direct, Detective Gall set forth that Scott Walsh had always indicated
that he did not know if Janet Walsh was dating anyone. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 107). He again
reiterated that Walsh found out the morning of September 1, 1979 that the victim had been
seeing the Defendant. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 109 - 10). Further, Detective Gall agreed that the
report of the defense expert found only the Defendant's DNA on the nightgown and the robe
tie. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 113).
On further re - redirect, Detective Gall asserted that when interviews were recorded, a
small cassette recorder would be placed in the middle of the room with police officers around,
and then after the interview was over, the tape was returned to the D.A.'s office where it would
be transcribed by a secretary. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 118). He further agreed that the secretaries
were not trained stenographers, and there would be gaps in the transcriptions. (N.T. 11/14/13
at 117 - 18).
Next, Francesco Caltieri again was recalled to the stand, and noted that his sister never
expressed to him that Scott Walsh had ever been violent toward her. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 123 -
24).
Lou Scarsella testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. He noted that he is a self -
employed trim carpenter. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 125). He testified that he worked for Colony
Square Builders from 1977 until 1980, and his boss was the Defendant. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 125).
Afterwards, he worked for Cabinet Warehouse, and noted that he put in the cabinets in the
kitchen of Pete Caltury and his wife's house in Monaca, Pennsylvania. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 125 -
26). He noted that he worked on the kitchen in their home in the early 1990's, and had
conversations with the Calturys about the death of their daughter. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 127). He
asserted that two weeks after he worked on the Calturys' kitchen, he had a conversation with
the Defendant at the warehouse when the Defendant approached him and asked what the
police had talked to him about. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 127). He noted that the Defendant appeared
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to be nervous. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 127). Further, Scarsella asserted that he told the Defendant
that he did not speak to the police; the police spoke to his wife. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 127). He
further testified that the Defendant had a partner, Larry Musgrave, who had called Scarsella's
mother to find out his phone number. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 128). Scarsella asserted that he called
Musgrave, and noted that Musgrave wanted him to get in touch with CSI to find out what they
thought Scarsella knew. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 128). On cross, Scarsella testified that he first heard
about the victim's death when he learned about it from Mr. and Mrs. Caltury. (N.T. 11/14/13 at
129). He set forth that he was at the Defendant's model home on the date of the pig roast on
September 1, 2014. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 129). He asserted that he never spoke to the Defendant
again after the day he had talked to the Defendant at the warehouse. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 130).
Next, Trooper Rocco DeMaiolo testified on behalf of the Commonwealth. He noted that
he is a retired Pennsylvania State Trooper and served as a State Trooper for almost twenty- six
(26) years; he also noted that he spent fifteen (15) years as a criminal investigator in the Beaver
Barracks. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 131- 32). He asserted that when he was assigned to the unit on
April 19, 1997, he was assigned cold cases, including the case at hand. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 133).
Regarding this matter, he testified that he reviewed the reports from the Beaver County
Detectives, Monaca Police, the Pennsylvania State Police, and the original crime scene photos.
(N. T. 11/14/13 at 135). He explained that Trooper Matas was in charge of the case from
September 1, 1979 until early 1980; Trooper Francis Keenan then had the case for the next ten
years and is now deceased. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 136). He noted that next Trooper Bert Failor had
the case. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 136). He agreed that they could not locate McGrail's checkbook
and pointed out that it had not been turned over to the State Police. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 137).
He noted that the other items of evidence were held at the Chippewa Barracks and then were
moved to the Brighton Township Barracks when the State Police moved there. (N.T. 11/14/13
at 137). He relayed that in June of 2000, it was decided that this case would be part of a cold
case investigation. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 139 - 40). He stated that DNA would not have been an
option until around 1989. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 141). He noted that sometime after 2001, he had
the opportunity to discuss the matter with Chris Arrotti from the Serology Department and
Christine Thomsey from the DNA Department, and it was decided that they would try to get a
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DNA standard from the victim; a cut - out portion of a bloodstain from the pillow case and a
piece of the handkerchief were also submitted. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 144 - 46). He noted,
however, that the sample was insufficient to get a DNA standard. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 145).
Trooper DeMaiolo testified that the evidence was stored in the evidence room at the
Barracks, which is secured by locked doors. (N.T 11/14/13 at 147). He further explained that
the Crime Unit Supervisor is the custodian of the evidence room. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 147). He
further explained that only the Crime Unit Supervisor and the evidence custodian can get into
the evidence room after the evidence is moved there from the receiving lockers. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 147 - 48). He noted that the evidence room is only utilized to take evidence in and
out. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 148). He testified that in 2010, Sergeant Douglas Barto arranged a
meeting at the Greensburg Regional Crime Lab with Trooper DeMaiolo, Detective Gall, Corporal
Lalama, and Sergeant Barto to go over the evidence with Sarah Kinneer, a serology supervisor.
(N.T. 11/14/13 at 149). He noted that she determined that with the alternate light source
technology, they could look over Plankenhorn's original findings. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 149 - 50).
He further testified that Ashlee Mangan called him a few months later and informed him that
the lab had found semen on the bed sheets, the back of the nightie, and the bathrobe rope
tying the victim's hands. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 150 - 51).
On cross, Trooper DeMaiolo agreed that a September 15, 1981 report by Trooper
Keenan revealed that Scott Walsh's check from the St. Joe Zinc Company had the date of
September 4, 1979 and the notation of the National Bank of Beaver County on the back. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 155). He agreed that the oral swab and vaginal swab of the victim had come back
negative. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 161). He further noted that in accordance with his May 6, 2005
report, he had a discussion with Chris Arrotti, and had later submitted the blue bandanna for
testing. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 162). He agreed that the lab could not find trace evidence on it.
(N.T. 11/14/13 at 163). He further reiterated that in October of 2010, he and other
investigators met with Sarah Kinneer, and they went through the crime scene photos and then
physically went through the evidence. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 163 - 64). He agreed that the police
left certain items at the lab for testing: the sheets, the nightshirt, the ligature, and the robe tie.
(N.T. 11/14/13 at 166). He agreed that he did not leave the clothes the victim had been
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wearing that night of the incident with the lab. (N.T. 11/14/123 at 166 - 67). He noted that it
was his understanding that the lab was going to use an alternate light source to look for sperm
and other bodily fluids. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 168). On re - direct, Trooper DeMaiolo testified that
his opinion that Scott Walsh was being deceptive changed after Walsh cleared up what had
happened with Ilene Brenneman. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 170). Further, he pointed out that the DNA
on the nightgown and the rope matched the Defendant. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 171).
Vickie McDaniels testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. She asserted that her
last name used to be Reddinger. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 173). She stated that she had been
employed as the Borough Secretary of Bridgewater since 1998. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 173 - 74).
She testified that she knew Gregory Hopkins as a Councilman in Bridgewater in 2010.
McDaniels explained that she had a conversation with Chief Adams wherein he asked her to
bring the waste basket from the entry hall of the Borough Building into her office and call the
Chief if the Defendant were to come in on Borough business, drink water from the Polar water
container, and throw the cup away. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 174 - 76). Further, she noted that Chief
Adams had asked her to keep the trash can liner free and clear of waste, which she did. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 176). She relayed that the conversation occurred in the summer months. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 175).
She noted that on a Friday in August of 2011, the Defendant came into her office to
discuss Borough business. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 177). She explained that the Defendant ate some
of the candy she had sitting out, and then went into the hall and got a drink of water from the
water cooler; he then came back into her office. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 177). She then explained
that after they finished the conversation, he left, and he threw his cup in the trash can. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 177). She testified that she then immediately went into the hallway and took the
waste basket and brought it into her office; she then called Chief Adams. (N.T. 11/14/13 at
177).
Chief Douglas Adams testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. He asserted that
he has served as Chief of the Borough of Bridgewater Police Department for eight years. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 181). He noted that in 2011, he had a conversation with Detective Andrew Gall
about retrieving certain cups. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 181). He asserted that he asked the Borough
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Secretary to retrieve the cups. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 181). He explained that on August 19, 2011,
the Borough Secretary called him, so he went back to the police station and took possession of
the garbage can in which the Defendant had thrown the cups. (N.T./14/13 at 182 - 83). He
noted that she had the garbage can in her office by her desk. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 183). He
further explained that after he received the garbage can, he took it into his office and removed
the two plastic cups from the garbage can and put them into a brown paper bag. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 186). He noted that he then contacted Detective Gall by phone, and then turned
the bag over to him. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 186).
Trooper DeMaiolo took the stand again and identified Exhibit 46 as the chain of custody
as to the items of evidence in this case, ranging from 1979 through 2012. (N.T. 11/14/13 at
188). He agreed that he and Detective Gall had a conversation with the Defendant in June of
2011, wherein they let him know that the police were revisiting the investigation. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 189). He relayed that the Defendant told them that on August 31, 1979, he had
been at his residence, which was a model home in Center Township, and had been preparing
for a pig roast for his employees. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 189 - 90). DeMaiolo further stated that the
Defendant admitted that he and victim were involved in a casual relationship and admitted to
having been to her apartment. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 190). Further, DeMaiolo asserted that the
Defendant had stated that the last time he was at the victim's apartment was three to four
weeks prior to her death. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 190). DeMaiolo further explained that the
Defendant had admitted to a sexual relationship with the victim and had further admitted to
having sex with her two or three times at her apartment at 935 Indiana Avenue. (N.T. 11/14/13
at 190). He noted that the Defendant relayed each time he visited her, he stayed for a couple
of hours, and the two of them discussed their separations from their spouses. (N.T. 11/14/13
at 191).
Trooper DeMaiolo further testified that he brought the cups retrieved by Chief Adams
and given to Detective Gall to the lab. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 191- 92). He testified that the results
of the lab's DNA testing indicated that the Defendant's DNA from the cups matched the DNA
found on some of the items of evidence. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 192). As such, Trooper DeMaiolo
applied the lab's findings in his Affidavit for a search warrant, and then he received a DNA
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sample for a confirmatory analysis, which was submitted to the Crime Lab. (N.T. 11/14/13 at
193). Trooper DeMaiolo asserted that the confirmatory analysis results regarding the
Defendant's DNA matched the DNA found on some of the items of evidence. {N.T. 11/14/13 at
193).
On cross, Trooper DeMaiolo asserted that the Defendant admitted to having a sexual
relationship with the victim from his first interview with the police on September 1. 1979.
(11/14/13 at 194 - 95). He noted that when he interviewed the Defendant again on September
26, 1979, he again admitted to having a sexual relationship with the victim and stated that he
had been at the victim's residence three or four times. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 196). He agreed that
pursuant to the lab report dated April 4, 2011, the only things tested for DNA were the
nightgown and robe tie; he then requested that the lab test the fitted sheet for DNA. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 199 - 202). He agreed that the lab couldn't match anything from the fitted sheet
to the DNA found on the back of the nightgown and robe tie. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 202).
On re - direct, Trooper DeMaiolo pointed out that he was aware of the fact that the Lab
had found the Defendant's DNA profile on the flat sheet. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 205). He noted that
when the victim was discovered, she was found lying on her stomach with her hands bound
behind her back and the ligature tied around her neck. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 205). Trooper
DeMaiolo explained that given the position in which she was found, the DNA found on the
nightgown, robe tie binding her hands and sheet lying on top of her would point to the actor.
(N.T. 11/14/13 at 206).
Detective Andrew Gall was recalled to the stand. He identified the drinking cups utilized
and thrown out by the Defendant. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 208). He stated that he took possession of
them on August 19, 2011, drove them to the temporary evidence lock - up at the District
Attorney's office, and then turned them over to Corporal Hugar of the State Police. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 208). He explained that MGrail and Walsh were eliminated from suspicion because
of the DNA evidence. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 209). He noted that Ron Ciccozzi, who was the victim's
boss, was eliminated due to evidence obtained from a Buccal swab. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 209).
He further explained that when the police got the lab results back from the testing of the flat
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bed sheet, the Defendant's DNA was found on the left side of the bed sheet, under which the
victim's body was located. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 212).
Detective Gall testified that the model home in which the Defendant resided was
located right off the Route 376 exit, which used to be Route 60. He noted that it is 6.3 miles
from the model home to 935 Indiana Avenue. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 213). He agreed stated that it
took ten minutes in heavier traffic to drive to 935 Indiana Avenue from the model home. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 213). He also agreed that in the September 1, 1979 interview with the Defendant,
he admitted to having a relationship with the victim. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 214). However, he
noted that when the Defendant was first interviewed, he stated that he only knew the victim to
see her and had talked to her. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 217). Later, the Defendant admitted that he
had seen her a few times, but said they were not good friends and he was not dating her. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 217). The Defendant also admitted that he had talked to her on the phone and she
had stopped down and talked to him a couple of times. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 219). Detective Gall
testified that the Defendant admitted that the last time he had been at her house was three or
four weeks earlier. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 219). Next, Detective Gall noted that the Defendant then
admitted to engaging in sexual relations with the victim. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 220). Detective Gall
then noted that the Defendant admitted to seeing the victim a couple of times, but asserted
that there was no emotional involvement. (N.T. 11/4/13 at 221). Detective Gall then noted
that the Defendant explained that he was divorced but was seeing someone. (N.T. 11/14/13 at
221). Detective Gall testified that the Defendant then stated that he had three witnesses who
were with him the previous night. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 222). Detective Gall asserted that the
Defendant stated that he had been at his office from 8:00 p.m. until 11:00, except maybe to run
an errand. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 222). He noted that until around 11:00, they were running around
and coming back, getting ready for a pig roast. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 222 - 23). Detective Gall
noted that when the Defendant was asked when the latest time was that he was at the victim's
house, he asserted 1:30 or 2:00. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 223). Further, Detective Gall noted that the
Defendant stated that Larry Musgrave, Goergeann Musgrave, and Dianne St. George were at
his office the previous night. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 223). Detective Gall revealed that the
Defendant told them that they prepared for the pig roast until around 1:00 or 1:30, and then
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got up around 6:00; they put the pig on the fire around 7:30 a.m. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 225).
Detective Gall further indicated that when the Defendant was asked if he knew whether the
victim was seeing anyone, he informed the police that she had told him she wasn't seeing
anyone because of her separation; however, he noted that if he was lonely at night she would
call him to talk. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 225 - 26). Detective Gall further noted that the Defendant
reiterated that all three of his friends (the Musgraves and Dianne St. George) were with him the
previous night. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 227). Detective Gall noted that the Defendant then informed
them that he hadn't spoken with the victim for two or three weeks and again reiterated that he
was only at 935 Indiana Avenue two or three times. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 227 - 28). Detective Gall
further asserted that the Defendant explained that he met the victim through Margie Farinacci,
who worked for him. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 228). Further, Detective Gall set forth that the
Defendant noted that there were a few times that the victim and Margie Farinacci had drinks
with the Defendant and Larry Musgrave at the Holiday Inn. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 229 - 30).
Further, Detective Gall noted that Detective Bernie Cashdollar did the questioning, and he is
now deceased. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 231). Later, the Defendant corrected Detective Cashdollar
and asserted that the last time he had seen the victim was three or four weeks ago, and the last
time he talked to her on the phone was a week ago, when he had called her at around 11:00 or
12:00. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 233 - 34). Detective Gall pointed out that the Defendant explained
that he had heard about the victim's death when Joey Farinacci called and informed him that
he and his wife would not be attending the pig roast because Margie had learned of the victim's
death. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 235 - 36).
On cross, Detective Gall asserted that there is no tape available for the interview he had
testified about. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 242). Further, he asserted that the Defendant denied having
a key to the victim's apartment. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 246). He again noted that the Defendant
stated that they started the fire for the pig roast at 6:00 and put the pig on at 7:00 or 7:30 a.m.
(N.T. 11/14/13 at 246). Detective Gall agreed that the interview occurred at 7:30 p.m. on
September 1, 1979. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 246). He agreed that he brought the Defendant back for
questioning on September 26, 1979. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 248). He noted that on that date, the
Defendant informed him that he had visited the victim three or four times and was involved in a
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casual relationship with her. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 248). He further set forth that they interviewed
Larry Musgrave. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 249). He agreed that there was no sign of forced entry at
the victim's residence. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 254). On re - direct, Detective Gall reiterated that the
seminal fluid that was found on the victim's nightgown and the robe tie tied around her wrists
matched the Defendant. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 256). He further agreed that the police found out
through Barbie Cindrich that the Defendant had been involved in a relationship with the victim.
(N.T. 11/14/13 at 257). He further agreed that when the Defendant was first interviewed on
September 1, 1979, the Defendant had stated that he had seen the victim around two times,
but later changed his story on September 26, 1979 when he was re - interviewed by himself
and Trooper Matas and stated that he had seen the victim three or four times. (N.T. 11/14/13
at 257).
Next, Corporal Robert A. Lala ma testified on behalf of the Commonwealth. He asserted
that he has worked for the Pennsylvania State Police for twenty - two (22) years. (N.T.
11/14/13 at 260). He noted that he is the supervisor of the Criminal Investigation Unit at the
Beaver Station. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 260). He testified that he had been Trooper DeMaiolo's
supervisor and was familiar with this case. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 260). He explained that the
evidence room has a single manner of access, and the shift supervisor has a key. (N.T. 11/14/13
at 261). He further explained that the supervisor would first unlock the first door, and then the
door would be closed and secured; then there is a steel door with a double dead bolt and a
regular hand lock. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 261 - 62). He further explained that only himself or
whoever was acting as the evidence officer, and the other would have been the Station
Commander could access the inner area of the evidence room. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 262). He
stated that he was the evidence officer from the end of 2002 or the beginning of 2003 until the
present time, except for a short period of time when Corporal Eric Sipes held that position.
(N.T. 11/14/13 at 262). He noted that the defense was permitted access in this case while he
was present. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 263). He noted that the evidence room shares the heating and
air conditioning with the rest of the building. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 264). He testified that the
evidence room was where the evidence from this case stayed after it was moved to the
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Brighton Township Barracks. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 264). On cross, Coporal Lalama agreed that in
2010, evidence from this case was taken by him to the lab. (N.T. 11/14/13 at 266).
The Commonwealth called Chris Ann Arrotti to the stand. Arrotti testified that she is
employed as the forensic laboratory manager at the Greensburg Regional Crime who is charged
with the task of overseeing the budget, taking care of the facility, and ensuring that the
laboratory maintain all of the policies and procedures in order to maintain accredited status.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 4 - 5). Regarding her educational background, Arrotti asserted that she has a
bachelors degree in biology from Seton Hill College and a minor in chemistry, as well as a
secondary teaching certificate in biology and chemistry. (N.T. 11/15/13, at 5 - 6). She noted
that she taught advanced chemistry in high school and college and then began working for the
Pennsylvania State Police as a serologist and a trace analyst in January of 1992. (N.T. 11/15/13
at 5). Regarding her work as a serologist, she pointed out that her daily work included looking
at evidence received for physiological strains, and analyzing items such as hair and fibers, until
around 2000. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 6). She then worked there as a supervisor. (N.T. 11/15/13 at
6). She noted that she became a laboratory manager in July of 2007. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 7).
Arrotti testified that the Pennsylvania State Police Lab where she works was accredited
in 2002 through ASCLD Laboratories. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 8). She noted that in May of 2012, the
lab received ISO accreditation, which is more stringent. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 8). She pointed out
that every year the lab is audited. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 8).
Arrotti agreed that she knew Ralph Plankenhorn, and asserted that he is now deceased.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 9). She identified Commonwealth Exhibit No. 49, the Lab Report and a
Supplemental Lab Report, as being related to this case and as being authored by Plankenhorn.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 10 - 11). Arrotti explained that the lab is not permitted to re - test a stain.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 13). She further explained that when using an alternate light source, the
serologist will change the wave length of the item in order to identify potential stains due to
their ability to fluoresce. (N.T. at 11/15/13 at 13). She noted that saliva and seminal material
may fluoresce. (N.T. at 11/15/13 at 13). She further pointed out that pinks, oranges and reds
will fluoresce. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 13). She further explained that one of the approaches with a
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cold case is to utilize an alternate light source on the evidence. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 13 - 14). She
testified that the lab acquired its first alternate light source in 1994. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 14).
On cross, Arrotti noted that in the 1970's, Plankenhorn was a generalist. (N.T. 11/15/13
at 15). She further asserted that he was employed by the Lab from 1979 until after 1992. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 16). She agreed that she received nine items for review in relation to the case at
hand. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 18). She further agreed that a sexual assault kit was submitted in
connection with this case. (N'.T. 11/15/13 at 18). She noted that back in 1979, a serologist
would look at the evidence for stains, and if he or she did not see anything with the naked eye,
the criminologist would run his or hands, gloved or otherwise, over the items in order to find a
stain. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 20). Arrotti further noted that the Plankerhorn report asserted that
there was "[n]o observable foreign trace evidence." (N/T/ 11/15/13 at 21).
Arrotti further explained that in the 1990's, the Pennsylvania State Police began to
utilize an alternate light source in order to ascertain items that fluoresced or were a different
appearance. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 22). She testified that the two primary stains one could locate
with the alternate light source were saliva and seminal materials. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 23). She
further noted that she did not perform any analysis on the immediate case at all. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 25). Regarding this case, she asserted that it was decided that the light blue
bandanna ligature presented the best possibility for trace DNA from the actor. (N.T. 11/15/13
at 25). She pointed out that the decision was made in conjunction with Christine Tomsey, the
director ofthe DNA lab. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 26).
On re-direct, Arrotti noted that sometimes she would be able to see some stains visibly
that she would circle and then she would turn on the alternate light source and would be able
to see additional stains. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 27 - 28). She noted that sometimes some of the
stains that she saw visually would be positive for semen, and some would be negative; some of
the fluorescent stains would be positive for semen and some would be negative. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 28).
Ashlee Mangan testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. She stated that she is
employed by the Pennsylvania State Police Bureau of Forensic Services at the Greensburg
Regional Crime Laboratory, and has been employed as such for five and a half years. (N.T.
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11/15/13 at 32 - 33). She testified that she is a forensic scientist in the serology section. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 33). She noted that she has a bachelor of science in chemistry from Carlow
University, and has worked as a chemistry technician at the Pennsylvania State Police Crime Lab
and a serologist. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 32 - 33). She noted that when she started working for the
lab, Chris Arrotti was the crime laboratory manager. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 34). She testified that
the Pennsylvania State Police Laboratory is Accredited by the American Society of Crime
Laboratory Directors Lab Accreditation Board. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 35 - 36). She further pointed
out that the lab undergoes internal audits once a year, and also undergoes outside audits once
every five years. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 36). She noted that as a serologist, she worked on about
500 cases and 1800 items, and further asserted that she has been recognized as an expert by
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania fourteen (14) times. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 36). She was then
qualified as an expert in the field of serology. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 39).
Mangan testified that serology involves fluid identification and the analysis of items of
evidence that are submitted to the lab by law enforcement for bodily fluids. (N.T. 11/15/13 at
40). She explained that she identifies blood, semen, saliva, urine and fecal material. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 40). She further noted that she assists in blood stain pattern analysis at crime
scenes, from photographs, and on items of evidence. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 40). She relayed that
when a case is submitted to the laboratory, law enforcement brings it in and it is assigned a lab
number. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 40 - 41). She notes that she documents the packaging and then
cleans the bench area and utensils. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 41). She then processes one item at a
time while cleaning the bench space between items and putting brown paper down and
cleaning it prior to analyzing a particular item. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 41). She noted that when she
opens up an item, she looks for trace evidence such as hair, debris, and fibers, and then
documents the visible stains that are there. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 41 - 42). She further explained
that she then marks the evidence with a lab number, an item number, and her initials. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 42). She testified that she uses an alternate light source, or ALS, which is a
portable light source with a flexible extension light. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 42). She relayed that she
used it in a darkened room and wore goggles for eye protection. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 42). She
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asserted that she would search items of evidence for staining, which would glow, and she
would circle the stain in order to mark it for future testing. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 42).
Mangan further explained why the forensic scientists utilize alternate light source,
noting that some bodily fluids are not visible to the naked eye. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 42). She
noted that sometimes seminal material or saliva may not be readily visible. (N.T. 11/15/13 at
42-43). She asserted that as soon as an item is received, it is logged into the computer system
and receives a case number and gets locked up into a long term storage vault where it is
secured. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 43). She asserted that when the evidence is taken into her custody,
she is either working on it, or it is in the secure locker that only she has access to. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 43). She explained that when she is finished with the item, it goes back to a secure
location, and the evidence techs take it and put it back into long term storage. (N.T. 11/15/13
at 43). She further relayed that when looking at a piece of evidence, her goal is to either
identify or detect bodily fluids that may be on the items of evidence. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 44).
She noted that if she detected bodily fluids on the evidence, she would prepare samples for
subsequent analysis. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 44). She further explained that she would cut the
sample out, place it in a clean envelope, seal it, and place it in a heat - sealed plastic container.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 44).
Mangan testified that she recalled being involved in the case involving Catherine Janet
Walsh in 2010. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 45). She asserted that after she is assigned a case, she looks
up the information provided and goes through the evidence there. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 45). She
testified that she was provided with the case information, previous lab reports, and the
previous autopsy report. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 45 - 46). She stated that she would then analyze
pieces of evidence, and further pointed out that she started working on this case on November
15, 2010. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 46).
Mangan identified Commonwealth's Exhibit 39, and noted that the outer packaging was
marked with her initials, the case number and the item number. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 47). She
further noted that the envelope was sealed with her signature and the date and time. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 47). Upon opening up the evidence bag, she testified that the lab number, item
number, and her initials were there. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 47). She testified that she examined the
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handkerchief, and looked at it under the alternate light source. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 48). She
noted that there were some fluorescents around the knotted area. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 48) She
further asserted that she cut the knot out, placed it into a clean envelope and prepared it for
DNA analysis. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 48). She further agreed that she had access to criminalist
Ralph Plankenhorn's report. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 48 - 49).
Mangan next identified several of the Commonwealth's exhibits as her laboratory
reports of the analysis of the evidence that she conducted, and noted they have her signature
and have a corresponding lab number. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 49). She agreed that she did not test
the handkerchief for seminal fluid. (N.T. 11/15/13 at SO). Next, Mangan identified Item 3.1,
the fitted bed sheet, which was properly notated with the lab number, the item number, and
her initials. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 51). She pointed out that she utilized the alternate light source
and marked the area that were fluorescent under the light source. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 51).
Further, she noted that she drew arrows to point to where the stains were the most fluorescent
so she knew where to cut them. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 51). She asserted that she designated the
area that was the top of the sheet based upon the staining that had previously been reported
as a blood stain in the area where the victim's head would have been, and based upon the
urine stain, where the lower portion of her body would have been. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 52).
Next, Mangan explained that she took cuttings from all of the areas that were
fluorescent under the alternate light source for each arrow, and then extracted the cuttings in
water for confirmation of sperm or seminal material. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 53 - 54). She further
explained that after debris cells are extracted, she places the extract on a slide, and then lets it
dry in an oven. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 54 - 55). She further explained that once the extract had died
down, she used a stain that stains the nucleus of the cells red and the other cellular materials
green. (N.T. 11/15/13 at SS). She noted that the sperm cells are easily detected under a
microscope because the cap of the sperm cell does not fully stain red and instead stains a
lighter red. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 55). She then asserted that after she stains the slide, she views
them under a microscope, and zooms in on a field of view. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 56).
Mangan further explained that she scanned the slide and noted how many sperm heads
she was able to see. (N.T. 11/15/14 at 56). She also described a rating system in which she
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would assign a 1+ to a slide with up to five sperm heads, and explained that 4+ rating indicates
the most sperm heads. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 56). She testified that on the fitted bed sheet, there
was nothing higher than a 1 + rating, and she further asserted that she sent in for testing two
cuttings from the fitted sheet, one containing a blood stain and one containing a urine stain.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 57 - 58).
Mangan further testified that she reviewed that blue bathrobe belonging to the victim
in this matter, and examined it under the alternate light source. (N.T. 11/15/13 59). She
asserted that she found one sperm head located on the front right side near the belt loop of the
blue bathrobe, and gave it a rating of 1 + (N.T. 11/15/13 at 60). She asserted that the area
where she found the sperm head was cut and sent for DNA testing. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 60).
Mangan further identified Item 3.2 as the blue flat sheet from the bed. (N.T. 11/15/13
at 61). She asserted that she determined the top of the bed sheet by the fact that the thickest
hem was at the top part of it. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 62). She noted that certain areas fluoresced
under the alternate light source, and she took cuttings from the area that fluoresced. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 62). She noted that she sent cuttings from areas marked "D" and "H" to be tested
for DNA, as she was able to identify sperm in those areas. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 62 - 63). Mangan
explained that Area D is from the top right area of the sheet and Area H is from the middle
area. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 64). She noted that in area "H," the sperm rating was a 4+. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 69).
Regarding Item 6.1, the six sections of white rope, Mangan noted that when she
reviewed it under the alternate light source, the entire rope had a glow to it and certain areas
had more of a fluorescence. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 66). Further, she noted that it had discoloration
on it. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 66). She testified that she cut some samples from one of the sections
and extracted it for sperm, noting that she identified sperm there with a 4+ rating. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 66). She asserted that she cut out that sample and forwarded it to the DNA lab.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 66).
Further, Mangan identified Item 4.1 as the victim's blue nightgown top. N.T. 11/15/13
at 67). She noted that she identified sperm on the middle back portion of the nightgown top.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 67). She explained that she searched for fluorescent areas using the alternate
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light source, and cut several areas in order to extract for sperm. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 68). She
further noted that there was one area where she identified sperm with a rating of 4+, cut the
section out, and forwarded it for DNA analysis. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 68). Moreover, Mangan
relayed that she received two cups that the Defendant utilized that she swabbed for DNA, and
then forwarded the sample for analysis. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 69).
On cross, Mangan admitted that she reviewed the crime scene photos which revealed
that the victim had clothes on an ironing board, but she did not receive the clothing for testing.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 75). She agreed that the original reports indicated that in 1979, Ralph
Plankenhorn could not find any observable trace evidence. (N.T 11/15/13 at 75 - 76). She
further agreed that she retested the rape kit in 2010 and found no sperm in the vaginal or oral
swab. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 76).
Mangan agreed that utilizing the alternate light source allowed her to visualize stains.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 77). She further agreed that the only thing she looked for in her examination
was sperm, and she explained that she would find the stains first, and then sent them for DNA.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 79 - 80). Regarding the flat bed sheets, she again asserted that once she
found a sperm stain, she sent the best stain for DNA analysis. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 82). She also
agreed that two of the areas that fluoresced on the blue nightgown top had sperm on them.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 82). She further agreed that with regard to the six areas of the white rope,
four contained sperm. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 83).
Mangan further noted that pursuant to Plankenhorn's report, the nightgown top did not
retain any observable trace evidence. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 89 - 90). She agreed that she did not
observe anything with the naked eye on the back of the nightgown when she reviewed it in
2010. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 90). She further noted that Plankenhorn did not observe any foreign
trace evidence on the six pieces of white cord in Item 1, according to his report. (N.T. 11/15/13
at 90). However, she asserted that when she examined the bathrobe cord, there was some
beige discoloration on all six pieces of rope. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 90 - 91). She relayed that she
also looked at the fitted sheet, and noted blood and urine stains. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 91). She
further agreed that neither the fitted nor the flat sheet showed visible signs of semen in 2010.
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(N.T. 11/15/13 at 92). She also agreed that the DNA testing does not determine when 'sperm
was deposited. (N.T. 11/1/5/13 at 92).
On re - direct, Mangan noted that it was possible based upon her examination of the
items that someone could have ejaculated on top of the victim. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 107). She
further reiterated that she found sperm on the back of the victim's nightshirt and on the rope.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 107 - 08). She further noted that the flat sheet was found on top of the
victim. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 109). She also agreed that it was not significant that Plankenhorn
found no visible evidence, as she noted that sometimes semen is not visible with the naked eye.
{N.T. 11/15/13 at 111). Regarding the 4+ rating on the top sheet, she noted that it would not
have been from a transfer of two dried items packaged together. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 110 - 11).
She further noted that the 4+ ratings found in areas on the back of the nightgown, the rope
binding her hands, and the top sheet, were significant because they demonstrated that based
on the location of the victim, there was a lot of semen located there. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 111).
She further agreed that based upon her research and experience, a 4+ rating is not consistent
with the items having been washed. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 111- 12). On re-cross, Mangan agreed
that in the immediate case, there were non - visible stains on three items. (N.T. 11/15/13 at
114). She disagreed that those stains were invisible, pointing out that they were simply not
visible to the naked eye. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 114).
Next, Angelina Biondi testified on behalf of the Commonwealth. She testified that she is
employed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania State Police Forensic DNA
Division as a forensic DNA scientist supervisor. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 117). She noted that she is
competent in DNA analysis and is also a qualified FBI DNA quality assurance auditor, and
completed her training at the Pennsylvania State Police DNA Laboratory. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 117
- 18). She pointed out that she has completed graduate level course work from the University
of Florida in the area of forensic DNA and serology. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 118). She relayed that
she is responsible for DNA analysis of forensic casework samples as well as performing quality
assurance and validation procedures, and has been doing so for over ten years. (N.T. 11/15/13
at 118 - 19). She explained that DNA is the "genetic blueprint" of your body, and is a long
molecule lightly wound into what we call chromosomes. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 119). She further
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explained that everyone has 23 pairs of chromosomes, and DNA is unique to all individuals
except identical twins. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 119 - 20). She noted that DNA is found within
individual cells, including sperm cells. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 120).
Biondi testified that she was involved in the investigation and forensic analysis of the
Catherine Janet Walsh case, commencing in 2005. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 120). She noted that the
first submission she received in 2005 included a piece of the bandanna and some DNA from the
victim. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 121). She relayed that there was no profile obtained from either
cutting from the bandanna. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 121). She further noted that she also prepared a
lab repot on April 4, 2011, and explained that the purpose of that analysis was to develop a
partial profile of the victim and to develop profiles. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 123 - 24). She noted that
she received a seminal stain from the middle back area of the nightgown was able to be
developed for a profile, and the DNA profile in the sperm fraction at the time was unidentified.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 124, 126 - 27). She also noted that there was a non - sperm fraction in the
partial DNA profile obtained. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 127). She further noted that only the victim's
DNA was detected from the vaginal swab. (N.T. 11/15/3 at 127). When testing the oral swab,
she noted that in the sperm fraction, no results were obtained due to an insufficient quantity of
DNA, and in the non - sperm fraction, a partial profile was obtained with the DNA profile
matching the hair sample from the victim. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 127 - 28). She further noted that a
partial profile was obtained from testing the white rope that matched the unidentified profile
from the sperm fraction of a stain from the victim's nightgown. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 128). She
noted that the unidentified profile from the rope and from the nightgown was consistent with a
male. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 128 - 29). She further explained that the DNA from the nightgown and
the rope were determined to be from the same unknown actor. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 129). Biondi
further agreed that the samples were thirty (30) years old and had degraded; however, she was
still able to pull profiles from the nightgown and the rope. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 130). She
explained that degradation would reduce the amount of results she would get from a profile,
but would not change the profile. (N. T. 11/15/13 at 131).
Biondi further testified that she received a Buccal collector from the oral cavity of Scott
Walsh, and prepared a lab report regarding said swab in 2011. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 131). She
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noted that she compared Walsh's profile to the profiles she obtained from testing the evidence
she received and noted that the DNA profile she received from Scott Walsh did not match any
of the profiles she obtained that were interpretable. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 131- 32).
On cross, Biondi testified that in this case, other than the blue ligature that she received
in 2005 and sperm samples, she did not receive anything else to test. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 137).
She pointed out that no DNA profile was obtained from testing the bandanna. (N.T. 11/15/13
at 137 - 38). She noted that she began testing other items that she received, such as the piece
of the blue nightgown top, the piece of the robe tie, and Buccal swabs from the victim's vaginal
and oral areas, in January of 2011. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 138 - 39). She further explained that she
received two known standards. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 139). She agreed that no foreign DNA was
found from the vaginal or oral swabs of the victim. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 143 - 44). She further
noted that DNA cannot be tested to determine when it was deposited. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 144 -
45). She further agreed that she ran a second test for DNA in 2011 regarding a sample from
Scott Walsh and noted that his profile did not match anything on the nightgown or robe tie.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 149). On re - direct, Biondi admitted that DNA is not always visible with the
naked eye, and sometimes it can't be seen until it is tagged fluorescently. (N.T. 11/15/13 at
152).
Commonwealth expert witness Cyril H. Wecht testified next on behalf of the
Commonwealth. He noted that he is a doctor, lawyer and pathologist who is Board certified in
forensic pathology. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 154). He asserted that did a year of fellowship from 1961
to 1962, and has practiced full - time pathology since 1962. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 155). He further
pointed out that he has been recognized as an expert in Pennsylvania, the United States, and
other parts of the world, and further noted that he served as the Coroner of Allegheny County
for twenty (20) years in two separate ten (10) year periods, and had been the Chief Forensic
Pathologist for four years before that. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 155). He testified that he has
performed 357 autopsies so far that year. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 156).
Dr. Wecht explained that a forensic pathologist is a medical doctor who has completed
five or six years of training following medical school in pathology. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 158). He
stated the following: "[t]he forensic pathologist deals with violent, sudden, suspicious,
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unexpected, unexplained, medically unattended deaths; known, alleged, suspected homicides,
accidents, and suicides." (N.T. 11/15/13 at 159). He noted that in this particular case, he
reviewed the autopsy report, the scene photographs, diagrams, sketches and investigative
reports, the lab reports from 1979, 2010, 2011, and 2012, and the DNA analyses. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 161- 62). He testified that he submitted a report dated September 27, 2012, and
a supplemental report dated January 15, 2013. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 162). He agreed with the
conclusion that the cause of death for Catherine Janet Walsh was strangulation. (N.T. 11/15/13
at 162 - 63). He noted that the ligature marks around the victim's neck were grooves. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 163). He also agreed that there were ligature marks on the left and right wrists of
the victim, and noted that the victim's hands were tied by the belt of a robe in a tight position
behind her back. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 165). He noted that he believed that her hands were tied
behind her back prior to death based upon the cyanotic appearance of her hands. (N.T.
11/15/13 at 166 - 67). He further observed that there were two contusions, one located above
the right ear and one located on the victim's left upper cheek. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 167). He also
noted that the victim had laryngeal and epiglottic swelling, along with petechial hemorrhages
around and within the inner lining ofthe larynx and the epiglottis. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 171).
Dr. Wecht further relayed that the reports indicated that seminal fluid which matched
the Defendant's DNA was found in three locations: the flat sheet, a nightgown top, and the
bathrobe belt that was wrapped around the victim's hands. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 173). He further
noted that the victim was found face down in a prone position. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 173 - 74). He
observed that male ejaculation occurred as the victim was lying down, and some of the
ejaculate got onto the three sites. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 174). He stated that based upon the
reports he reviewed and his own understanding and knowledge, he had no doubt that the
victim was strangled as she lay in bed in a prone and facedown position. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 175
- 76). He further noted: "[i]n order for the ejaculate to be found as it was on the parts of the
materials posteriorly, then the ejaculation would have had to have occurred from the individual
on top of her .... " (N.T. 11/15/13 at 176).
Dr. Wecht further asserted that he reviewed defense expert Dr. Mark Perlin's report.
(N.T at 11/15/13 at 176). He noted that he did not agree with Dr. Perlin's assertion that the
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lack of fingernail scrapings was significant, noting that one would not get DNA under fingernails
unless there was forceful scratching. {N.T. 11/15/13 at 178). Further, he noted that once the
victim was immobilized with her hands tied behind her back, there would be no transfer of
material beneath her fingernails. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 179). Regarding the suggestions of Dr.
Panella and Dr. Perlin that perhaps cross - contamination could have occurred as set forth in
their respective reports, Dr. Wecht asserted that he found it to be extremely unlikely that given
the location of the Defendant's seminal fluid on the bathrobe tie, overlying sheet and
nightgown, the seminal fluid could have been found in those specific locations via
contamination due to washing. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 180 - 81). Dr. Wecht described the image of
the picture shown to him of the victim and how she was found, noting that her hands are
clasped behind her with her buttocks and nightie on top exposed. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 182). He
explained that the theories by the other experts don't fit the scenario because of the locations
where the Defendant's seminal fluid was found as follows:
Well, based upon the reports they found some seminal
stains described in the mid back area just above the bathrobe
belt, so here on this upper nightgown garment, middle area, then
on the bathrobe belt, and then on a so - called flat sheet ....
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 182). He further explained:
If these seminal stains had indeed been deposited
approximately four weeks before, then you still have a dead body
of Miss Walsh. You have her there bound in this exposed position
and so on, where is the evidence of the person who would have
bound her and done with her whatever it was that he did?
*************
So, you have a situation that required some involvement
by somebody, the tying of the wrists, the tying of the
handkerchief around the neck, the positioning of the body, and so
on.
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For all of that to have been consummated, to have been
executed without evidence of DNA, especially with his evidence of
some kind of sexual activity, whether aborted or, but I'm not
going to get into that, but the absence is significant, too, and goes
along with the positive findings.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 182 - 85). Dr. Wecht asserted that his opinion was expressed within a
reasonable degree of medical forensic scientific certainty. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 183).
On cross, Dr. Wecht set forth that he was aware of the fact that the Defendant had been
involved in a sexual relationship with the victim, and noted that the Defendant had stated that
he had been with the victim around three to four weeks prior to her death. (N.T. 11/15/13 at
190 - 91). He agreed that the evidence indicated that the Defendant was on the bed on top of
the victim's back at or around the time of her death. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 191). He further agreed
that the picture of the victim as she was found depicts that the victim was found with her hands
behind her back and her fingers up in the air. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 192). He agreed that the
investigating officer who checked the nightgown saw no evidence of semen stain on the back of
the nightgown in 1979, and also that crime lab originally found no evidence of semen on either
the robe tie or the nightgown. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 193 - 94). Dr. Wecht further explained that in
2010, the stains were seen by the crime lab. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 195).
Dr. Wecht further agreed that he had seen Dr. Perlin's report, and noted that Dr. Perlin
had found DNA from the Defendant, the victim, and an unknown person on the blue bathrobe.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 200). He further relayed that Dr. Perlin had found some DNA evidence of
Scott Walsh, the victim's husband, on the sheets. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 200). He further agreed
that there was no evidence found from the victim's oral or vaginal cavity indicating that the
Defendant's DNA was present. (N.T. 11/15/13 at 202). Again, Dr. Wecht reiterated that he did
not believe that the Defendant's seminal stains would have shown up at the three precise
locations where they did if the only means by which they were deposited was contamination.
(N.T. 11/15/13 at 215). On re - direct, Dr. Wecht agreed that the nightgown, rope, and flat
sheet contained areas with a 4+ sperm rating, which is the most dense rating of seminal fluid.
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(N.T. 11/15/13 at 217 - 18). He further noted that Dr. Perlin's report attributed the DNA in the
three areas with the high density rating to the Defendant. (N.T 11/15/13 at 219).
Laura Brown testified next on behalf of the Commonwealth. She is a forensic DNA
scientist with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania State Police DNA Lab,
and has been employed there for three and a half years. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 7). She noted that
she has a master of science degree in forensic science and law. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 7). She
further relayed that she participated in extensive training from the Pennsylvania State Police
Crime Lab in forensic DNA science. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 8). She explained that she completed the
training program, and then she participated in a period of time where her casework was
supervised. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 8). She noted that she has been qualified as an expert in seven
counties in Pennsylvania. (N.T 11/18/13 at 8). She explained that a supervisor assigns cases to
a scientist, and the scientist would then remove the evidence from the refrigerator for testing
purposes. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 9). She further noted that all movement of evidence is tracked
through a bar coded evidence tracking system. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 9). Brown explained that the
DNA lab receives samples from different serology sections throughout the Commonwealth,
which are then placed into a locked evidence refrigerator after they are received. (N.T.
11/18/13 at 9). She further explained that once she is finished testing the items, they are
placed back into the refrigerator through the same process. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 9 - 10).
Regarding her duties at the crime lab, Brown asserted that she performs DNA analysis on
casework samples following the lab's protocol and quantity assurance guidelines, and writes
reports based upon her findings. (N.T 11/18/13 at 10). She further noted that she is qualified
in technical review. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 10). She explained that she performs STR or short
tandem repeat testing, which is a process in which the scientist looks at 16 different areas of
the DNA molecule and measures the lengths of those areas. (N.T. 11/1813 at 10 - 11). She
relayed that she is able to develop a DNA profile by combining the results of the lengths of
these areas, and after a DNA profile is achieved, that profile can be compared to individuals.
(N.T. 11/18/13 at 11).
Brown agreed that she had been involved in the immediate case commencing on August
24, 2011. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 11 - 12). Brown further agreed that Angela Biondi performed
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casework analysis prior to her own involvement in the matter. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 12). She
stated that she received Item Q8, a cutting from a seminal stain from the top middle area of the
fitted sheet from the victim, Item Q9, a seminal stain from the right middle area of the fitted
sheet from the victim, and a known standard sample labeled KS, which was a Buccal collector
from Ronald Ciccozzi. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 13). Brown asserted that her testing revealed that the
non-sperm fraction of the seminal stain from the top middle area of the sheet matched the
head hair sample from the victim. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 13). She stated that she was not able to
obtain any other results from the fitted sheet due to insufficient DNA and sample degradation.
(N.T. 11/18/13 at 14). She noted that she was not able to find any matches to Ron Ciccozzi on
any evidence that she tested. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 15 - 16). After reviewing Angeina Biondi's case
files, she noted that she was unable to match Ron Ciccozzi's DNA profile to the sperm and non -
sperm fractions of the stain from the nightgown top, the partial DNA profile obtained from the
sperm and non - sperm fractions of the vaginal swabs, the partial DNA profile obtained from
the non - sperm fraction of the oral swabs, or the partial DNA profile obtained from the sperm
fraction of the stain from the rope. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 16). She further pointed out that she did
not obtain results from the handkerchief. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 16 - 17). She further agreed that
she performed Y chromosome testing on the flat sheet to determine if male DNA was present,
and noted that there was not a sufficient amount of Y chromosome DNA present to obtain
results. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 17 - 18). She further agreed that she was unable to obtain results
from the fingernail clippings of the victim, as there was not a sufficient quantity of DNA present.
(N.T. 11/18/13 at 18). Regarding the DNA on the cup rims utilized by the Defendant, she noted
that she determined after testing that the Defendant could not be eliminated as an
investigative lead. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 19).
Next, Brown testified that she received Item K7, a Bode Buccal collector from the
Defendant, which was a known standard. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 20). She testified that she
compared the Defendant's known standard with Ql through Q8 and Q9, and found matches.
(N.T. 11/18/13 at 20). She testified that the DNA profile from the known sample from the
Defendant matched the DNA profile obtained from the sperm and non - sperm fractions from
the victim's nightie, or item Q3M. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 20). Furthermore, she stated that the
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Defendant's DNA profile matched the DNA profile obtained from the sperm fraction of the stain
from the rope tie, or Item Q6M. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 21). She further agreed that the vaginal and
oral swabs did not match the Defendant, and also agreed that she was unable to obtain results
from areas of the handkerchief or areas of the fitted sheet. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 21).
Brown further explained that she tested the items set forth in Laboratory Report -13, or
Commonwealth's Exhibit 62, which referenced Item Q7, the knot from the handkerchief, Item
QlO, a seminal stain from the top right side of the blue flat sheet, Item Qll, the seminal stain
from the middle area of the blue bed sheet, and Item K9, a DNA and saliva collection card from
Robert McGrail. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 21 - 22). She asserted that she found no interpretable
results from the knot from the handkerchief, or Item Q7. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 22). However, she
noted that she was able to obtain a partial DNA profile from the sperm fraction of the seminal
stain from the middle area of the sheet, or Item QllM, and further noted that the partial
profile matched the DNA profile obtained from the Defendant. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 23). She
further pointed out the profile obtained from the non - sperm fraction matched the DNA
profile of the Defendant. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 23 - 24). Moreover, she noted that the DNA profile
of Robert McGrail did not match any of the profiles that were tested. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 23 -
24). Further, Brown identified Lab Report -15, or Commonwealth's Exhibit 63, which
referenced Items Q14 through Q18, which were various cuttings from the victim's blue
bathrobe, and also Item K9, a Buccal collector from Victor Ciccozzi. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 24). She
noted that the only result obtained from those items was a non - sperm fraction of the inner
layer of the left front opening of the blue bathrobe, and that partial DNA profile matched the
head hair sample from the victim. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 25). She also pointed out that the Victor
Ciccozzi profile did not match any DNA found on the nightgown, rope or bed sheets. (N.T.
11/18/13 at 25). She further noted that she performed a Y chromosome test, but observed
that no results were found on those items utilizing that test due to an insufficient amount of
DNA. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 25). She further explained that degradation does not change the DNA
that is found, it merely changes the areas of DNA that can be used to compare to an individual.
(N.T. 11/18/13 at 26). She further pointed out that there was not any unknown DNA that she
found that did not match either the Defendant or the victim. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 26). She further
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asserted that her conclusions were reached to a reasonable degree of certainty in her field.
(N.T. 11/18/13 at 26).
On cross, Brown noted that she did not become involved in the case until August 9,
2011. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 27). She agreed that the only DNA she could find on the fitted sheet
was DNA belonging to the victim. (N.T 11/18/13 at 30). She further agreed that the standard
submitted from Ronald Ciccozzi did not match the profiles from the robe tie or the nightgown.
(N.T. 11/18/13 at 30). Regarding her report from October 3, 2011, Brown asserted that at that
time, she examined two seminal stains from the fitted sheets, or Items Q8 and Q9, and then a
standard Buccal collector from Ronald Ciccozzi, or Item KS. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 31).
Brown further testified that ultimately, she found a profile that matched the Defendant
from the back of the nightgown and the robe tie. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 31- 32). She agreed that
there is no way for the machines that she utilizes to determine when the DNA was deposited.
(N.T. 11/18/13 at 32 - 33). She further agreed that she did not find any foreign DNA from the
fingernail clippings from the victim. (N.T. 11/181/13 at 33). She further explained that in
accordance with her report dated January 6, 2012, she received a Buccal swab from the
Defendant, and was able to match the Defendant's profile to the profile found at the back of
the nightgown and the robe tie. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 38 - 39). However, she agreed that she could
not tell how or when the DNA was deposited. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 40). Regarding the ratings for
the items, she testified that Item Q3, the stain from the nightgown, and also the stain from the
white rope, were both rated 4+. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 41). She further explained that the
serologist who had the rope would have cut three pieces and sent them for DNA, and noted
that she received two samples from the rope herself. (N.T. 11/18/13 at 43).
Again, Brown confirmed that the DNA profile obtained from the known sample from the
Defendant did not match the partial DNA profile obtained from the sperm and non - sperm
fractions of the vaginal swab and non - sperm fraction of the oral swab from the victim, and
This text is long and has been trimmed here. Open the source document for the complete record.