The opinion
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD
SPENCER NEAL STEINMETZ, DOCKET NUMBER
Appellant, PH-0752-14-0556-I-1
v.
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DATE: March 13, 2015
Agency.
THIS FINAL ORDER IS NO NPRECEDENTIAL 1
Spencer Neal Steinmetz, Pleasantville, New Jersey, pro se.
Timothy D. Johnson, Esquire, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, for the agency.
BEFORE
Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
Mark A. Robbins, Member
FINAL ORDER
¶1 The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
affirmed his removal from his National Guard Technician position. Generally, we
grant petitions such as this one only when: the initial decision contains erroneous
findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous
interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to
1
A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
sign ificantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
2
the facts of the case; the judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or
the initial decision were not consistent with required procedures or involved an
abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or
new and material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the
petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record closed. See Title 5
of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).
After fully considering the filings in this appeal, and based on the following
points and authorities, we conclude that the petitioner has not established any
basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review. Therefore, we
DENY the petition for review. Because the Board lacks jurisdiction over the
appellant’s removal appeal, we VACATE the initial decision and DISMISS the
appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
¶2 In June 1970, the appellant received a career conditional appointment to the
position of Mobile Equipment Worker, a military technician and a civilian
position covered under the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). Initial
Appeal File (IAF), Tab 6 at 30. On September 12, 1970, the appellant enlisted in
the U.S. Army Reserve, IAF, Tab 1 at 13, and apparently from that date forward
the agency treated him as a dual status technician, i.e., one with both military and
civilian duties. The appellant resigned from his position with the federal
government, effective June 26, 1981. IAF, Tab 6 at 28. In December 2007, after
a break in service of nearly 27 years, he was reinstated to federal service as a
Heavy Mobile Equipment Repairer. 2 IAF, Tab 6 at 24. Upon reinstatement, the
appellant signed a statement acknowledging his understanding that he must
maintain his membership in the Selective Reserve as a condition of employment
under 10 U.S.C. § 10216 and that his failure to do so would be grounds for his
removal. IAF, Tab 6 at 26. The Standard Form 50 reinstating the appellant to
2
Although the agency initially placed the appellant under the Federal Employees’
Retirement System, IAF, Tab 6 at 24, the agency subsequently corrected that action and
placed him under CSRS, IAF, Tab 1 at 19.
3
federal service also reflects that, as a condition of employment, he must maintain
his military membership. Id. at 24.
¶3 On June 21, 2013, the agency issued the appellant advance notice of his
separation under 10 U.S.C. § 10218, a provision that requires the mandatory
separation of dual status technicians who have lost their dual status, are at least
60 years old, and are eligible for an unreduced civil service annuity. IAF, Tab 6.
at 20. The notice informed the appellant that his separation would be effective on
February 10, 2014, 30 days after he would become eligible for an unreduced
annuity. Id. The appellant lost his dual status on October 25, 2013, and the
agency effected his separation on February 10, 2014. Id. at 13, 15, 18.
¶4 The appellant filed a Board appeal, alleging that the regulation in effect
when he was hired in 1970 did not mandate his separation when he lost his dual
status. IAF, Tab 1 at 9-11. He stated that the regulation provided that no
technician employed prior to September 1, 1970, who is not in a dual status on
that date, will be involuntarily reassigned or removed from his position for failure
to comply with the dual status requirement. Id. He asserted that he was hired as
a non-dual status technician prior to September 1, 1970, and thus the mandatory
separation provisions of 10 U.S.C. § 10218 are inapplicable to him. He
contended that the provisions of section 10218, which were enacted in 1999, after
he resigned his position and prior to his reinstatement, are not applicable to him.
IAF, Tab 1 at 9-11.
¶5 The administrative judge found that the agency met its burden to prove that
section 10218 was applicable to the appellant, and that he was thus subject to its
mandatory retirement provisions. IAF, Tab 23, Initial Decision (ID) at 5-11. He
also addressed the merits of the removal action and found that the agency proved
that the appellant’s removal was a reasonable penalty and promoted the efficiency
of the service. ID at 11-12.
4
¶6 The appellant has petitioned for review, reiterating the assertions that he
made below. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1. The agency has responded
in opposition to the petition. PFR File, Tab 3.
¶7 The statutory provision at issue in this appeal provides that a dual status
technician, who is eligible for an unreduced annuity and is age 60 or older, who
after October 5, 1999, loses dual status and continues employment as a non-dual
status technician, shall be separated. 10 U.S.C. § 10218(a)(1)-(2). It further
provides that an individual first hired as a dual status technician on or before
February 10, 1996, shall be retired not later than 30 days after becoming eligible
for an unreduced annuity and becoming 60 years of age. See 10 U.S.C.
§ 10218(a)(3)(B)(ii)(I). As the administrative judge correctly found, the starting
point to determine whether this provision is applicable to the appellant is the
language of the statute itself. See Hughes v. Office of Personnel
Management, 119 M.S.P.R. 677, ¶ 7 (2013). Absent a clear showing of contrary
Congressional intent in the legislative history, the plain meaning of the statute is
controlling. Flannery v. Department of State, 107 M.S.P.R. 441, ¶ 13 (2007)
(citing U.S. West Communications Services, Inc. v. United States, 940 F.2d 622,
627 (Fed. Cir. 1991)). We agree with the administrative judge that the plain
language of the statute indicates that the statute applies to the appellant. ID at 6.
Thus, under the statute, the agency must separate the appellant not later than 30
days after he became eligible for an unreduced annuity and became 60 years of
age. That is what the agency did in this case.
¶8 The sole issue before the Board in this case is the effect on the statute of the
Army regulation, promulgated on July 5, 1985, that incorporated a memorandum
of understanding (MOU) between the agency and the Civil Service Commission,
the forerunner of the Office of Personnel Management. The MOU provides that
no technician hired prior to September 1, 1970, who is not in a dual status on that
date, will be involuntarily reassigned or removed from his position for failure to
comply with the dual status requirement. See IAF, Tab 16 at 6; see also IAF, Tab
5
1 at 30. As noted above, the appellant was hired as a non-dual status technician
prior to September 1, 1970. Thus, he falls under the category of employees at one
time covered by the MOU. The question thus is whether the MOU or the statute
applies to the appellant’s situation. The appellant’s position is that the MOU
controls his situation and thus he is not subject to mandatory retirement, while the
agency’s position is that the statute controls.
¶9 The agency administers 10 U.S.C. § 10218 and it maintains that when the
appellant applied to be reinstated to a military technician position in 2007, he
became subject to the mandatory retirement provisions o f the statute, which was
passed 8 years prior to his reinstatement. See IAF, Tab 19. Consistent with
Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837
(1984), the Board applies a two-part inquiry in cases requiring review of an
agency’s construction of a statute that it administers. See Clark v. Office of
Personnel Management, 120 M.S.P.R. 440, ¶ 8 (2013). The first inquiry is
whether Congress has directly spoken to the precise question at issue. Long v.
Social Security Administration, 635 F.3d 526, 535 (Fed. Cir. 2011). If the intent
of Congress is clear, that is the end of the matter; the Board, as well as the
agency, must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress.
Chevron, 467 U.S. at 842–43; Long, 635 F.3d at 535. If, however, the statute is
silent or ambiguous regarding the specific issue, the question is whether the
agency’s interpretation is based on a permissible construction of the statute.
Chevron, 467 U.S. at 842; Long, 635 F.3d at 535. The agency’s interpretation of
a statutory term governs if it is a reasonable interpretation of the statute—not
necessarily the only possible interpretation, nor even the interpretation deemed
most reasonable by the Board. See Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper, Inc., 556 U.S.
208, 218 (2009); Day v. Department of Homeland Security, 119 M.S.P.R. 589,
¶ 26 (2013). Thus, the Board must decide whether the agency’s construction here
is rational and consistent with the statute. See Long, 635 F.3d at 535.
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¶10 The agency relies on the reasoning set forth in a Congressional Research
Service Report published in March 2000 that interprets the mandatory retirement
provisions of the statute. IAF, Tab 7, Tab 14 at 131-62. That report notes that,
unlike regular civilian employees, 3 military technicians are required to maintain
membership in the Selected Reserve as a condition of employment. The report
finds that the intent of the requirement is to guarantee that, when a reserve unit is
mobilized, the military technicians who support that unit will be mobilized as
well. The report notes that non-dual status technicians cannot be ordered to
deploy with their units when they are mobilized. The report finds that Congress
has enacted legislation to reduce the number of non-dual status technicians. Id.
Consistent with this report, we find that the agency’s construction of the statute
as having the purpose to eliminate or reduce the number of non-dual status
technicians while minimizing financial hardship to those individuals who lose
their dual status by separating them after they become eligible for an unreduced
annuity is rational and consistent with the statute.
¶11 Further, the agency’s imposition of the statutory mandatory separation
requirement on the appellant upon his reinstatement as a career employee after a
long break in service is consistent with the statutory purpose and federal
employment law. “Reinstatement” is the “noncompetitive reemployment” of
someone formerly employed in the competitive service who “had a competitive
status or was serving probation when he was separated from the
service.” 5 C.F.R. § 210.102(b)(15). In Calixto v. Department of Defense, 120
M.S.P.R. 557, ¶¶ 13-14 (2014), the Board recognized that agencies are not
precluded from imposing some conditions on employees who are reinstated after
a long break in service. In Calixto, the Board found that the absence of an
affirmative statutory or regulatory provision requiring an employee who had
3
Dual status technicians are civilian employees of the federal government. See
Fitzgerald v. Department of the Air Force, 108 M.S.P.R. 620, ¶ 14 (2008).
7
completed a probationary period prior to a long break in federal service does not
preclude an agency from imposing a 1–year probationary period.
¶12 Further, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has agreed with
the Board’s holding. In Shelton v. Department of the Air Force, 382 F.3d 1335,
1336–37 (Fed. Cir. 2004), the Federal Circuit addressed a situation in which the
agency required an employee to serve a probationary period under the “special
circumstances” of the employee’s reinstatement to employment with the agency.
In Shelton, the agency reinstated the employee to her former position after a
13-year break in service and required her to serve a new 1–year probationary
period despite her having previously served 7 years in her prior position, and the
court affirmed the agency’s action. Id. at 1336. In so holding, the court rejected
the employee’s claims that she had completed her probationary period during her
previous period of employment and that the agency was without the authority to
impose a second probationary period upon her reinstatement. Id. at 1337. The
court found that imposition of a reasonable condition to accommodate a special
circumstance is not an illegal employment action. Id.
¶13 Under the circumstances of this case, we find that the agency’s requirement
that the appellant be subject to the statutory provisions enacted during his
absence from his dual status technician position is a “reasonable condition” of
employment. The agency’s requirement brings him in line with the first-time
selectees appointed to the dual status technician position prior to 1996. See
Calixto, 120 M.S.P.R. 557, ¶ 14.
¶14 The administrative judge thus correctly found that the appellant, appointed
under 10 U.S.C. § 10216, was required under section 10216 to be a member of the
National Guard and was subject to the mandatory retirement provisions
of 10 U.S.C. § 10218(a)(3)(B)(ii)(I). As explained below, this finding raises a
question of whether the Board has jurisdiction to address the merits of the
agency’s removal action. The administrative judge did not raise the jurisdictional
issue during proceedings below, and, as noted, addressed the merits of the appeal.
8
The Board must first resolve the threshold issue of jurisdiction before proceeding
to the merits of an appeal and may raise the issue of its own jurisdiction sua
sponte at any time. See Schmittling v. Department of the Army, 219 F.3d 1332,
1337 (Fed. Cir. 2000); Metzenbaum v. General Services
Administration, 96 M.S.P.R. 104, ¶ 15 (2004). Accordingly, the Board issued a
show cause order to afford the parties the opportunity to address the jurisdictional
issue. PFR File, Tab 4. Neither party responded to the show cause order.
¶15 The right to appeal a removal to the Board is granted by subchapter II of
chapter 75 of Title 5, U.S. Code. 5 U.S.C. §§ 7511-7513. Title 5, U.S. Code,
section 7511(b)(5) excludes an employee described in the mandatory retirement
provisions of section 8337(h)(1), relating to technicians in the National Guard,
from coverage under subchapter II of chapter 75. Section 8337(h)(1), in turn,
provides that the term “technician” means an individual employed under section
10216 of Title 10 who, as a condition of the employment, is required under
section 10216 to be a member of the National Guard and to hold a specified
military grade. 5 U.S.C. § 8337(h). Thus, 5 U.S.C. § 7511(b)(5) expressly
excludes an individual such as the appellant who was appointed under section
10216 from the definition of “employee” under 5 U.S.C. § 7511 and from the
applicability of the “actions” covered by chapter 75 under 5 U.S.C. § 7512. 4 In
short, a technician such as the appellant, appointed under 10 U.S.C. § 10216, does
not have the right to appeal adverse actions to the Board. See McVay v. Arkansas
National Guard, 80 M.S.P.R. 120, 123 (1998) (the appellant’s reduction in grade
and involuntary retirement claims cannot be appealed to the Board; at the relevant
time the appellant was working as a National Guard technician, so Board review
4
The provision of 5 U.S.C. § 7511(b)(5), that expressly excludes National Guard
technicians who, as a condition of their employment, are required to hold a compatible
military position, from the provisions of chapter 75 affording federal employees the
right to appeal adverse actions to the Board, was enacted by the Civil Service Due
Process Amendments, Pub. L. No. 101-376, 104 Stat. 461 (1990); see Ockerhausen v.
New Jersey Department of Military & Veterans Affairs, 52 M.S.P.R. 484, 490 (1992).
9
of his reduction in grade and involuntary retirement claims was precluded by
statute). Thus, we find that the administrative judge erred in addressing the
merits of the appellant’s removal, and we dismiss the appeal for lack of
jurisdiction.
NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS
This is the Board’s final decision in this appeal. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113. You
have the right to request the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit to review this final decision. You must submit your request to the court
at the following address:
United States Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit
717 Madison Place, N.W.
Washington, DC 20439
The court must receive your request for review no later than 60 calendar days
after the date of this order. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A) (as rev. eff. Dec. 27,
2012). If you choose to file, be very careful to file on time. The court has held
that normally it does not have the authority to waive this statutory deadline and
that filings that do not comply with the deadline must be dismissed. See Pinat v.
Office of Personnel Management, 931 F.2d 1544 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
If you need further information about your right to appeal this decision to
court, you should refer to the federal law that gives you this right. It is found in
Title 5 of the United States Code, section 7703 (5 U.S.C. § 7703) (as rev. eff.
Dec. 27, 2012). You may read this law as well as other sections of the United
States Code, at our website, http://www.mspb.gov/appeals/uscode.htm.
Additional information is available at the court's website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov.
Of particular relevance is the court's "Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and
Appellants," which is contained within the court's Rules of Practice, and Forms 5,
6, and 11.
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If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for your court
appeal, you may visit our website at http://www.mspb.gov/probono for a list of
attorneys who have expressed interest in providing pro bono representation for
Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the court. The Merit Systems
Protection Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor
warrants that any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
FOR THE BOARD: ______________________________
William D. Spencer
Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.