People of Michigan v. Shantee Brown

STATE OF MICHIGAN

COURT OF APPEALS

PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, UNPUBLISHED

November 20, 2014

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v No. 317066

Wayne Circuit Court

SHANTEE BROWN, LC No. 12-006414-FC

Defendant-Appellant.

Before: BORRELLO, P.J., and WILDER and STEPHENS, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Defendant appeals as of right following his conviction by a jury of kidnapping, MCL

750.349, and first-degree criminal sexual conduct (CSC I), MCL 750.520b(1)(c). The trial court

sentenced defendant to 17 to 35 years in prison for each conviction. We affirm defendant’s

convictions, but vacate the trial court’s judgment of sentence and remand for resentencing.

I

Defendant’s convictions arise out of the kidnapping and sexual assault of an 18-year-old

female victim on December 7, 2004. The victim testified that when she was walking to work at

Burger King, shortly before 5:00 a.m., defendant confronted her, threatened her at gunpoint, and

forced her against her will into a dark alley. The victim testified that defendant continued

pointing the gun at her face in the alley, directed her to remove her pants, and then directed her

to lie down on the ground, following which defendant penetrated her vagina with his penis. The

victim was unable to testify regarding the number of times defendant penetrated her vagina.

After the assault, the victim contacted the police, who transported her to a hospital.

Health care personnel conducted a forensic examination of the victim, during which a doctor

“collect[ed] swabs of secretions from” the victim’s body. The doctor who examined the victim

testified that he also gave the victim prophylactic “treatment in anticipation that there may be a

disease transmitted or a pregnancy[.]” Though the victim’s attacker was not immediately

identified, eight years later, the attacker’s DNA, which had been recovered from the victim

following this offense, was matched to defendant’s DNA. The victim subsequently identified

defendant in a photographic lineup and at trial.

Defendant was charged with kidnapping, CSC I, third-degree criminal sexual conduct (CSC

III), MCL 750.520d(1)(d) (penetration using force or coercion), felonious assault, MCL 750.82, and

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possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony, MCL 750.227b. Defendant testified at

trial that he resided in the same apartment complex as the victim in 2004 and engaged in

consensual sex with her. At the conclusion of the trial, the trial court instructed the jury, inter

alia, that a conviction of CSC III was precluded if the jury convicted defendant of CSC I. The jury

found defendant guilty of kidnapping and CSC I, and not guilty of felonious assault and felony-

firearm.

II

Relying on his trial testimony that he and the victim had consensual sex, the absence of

any evidence of a physical injury to the victim, and the inability of the victim or the police to

pinpoint the alley where the assault purportedly occurred, defendant first argues that the evidence

was insufficient to support his convictions. We disagree. We review de novo a criminal

defendant’s challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his convictions. People v

Harverson, 291 Mich App 171, 175-177; 804 NW2d 757 (2010); People v Solmonson, 261 Mich

App 657, 661; 683 NW2d 761 (2004). In determining whether sufficient evidence exists “to

sustain a conviction, a court must view the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution

and determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found that the essential elements of

the crime were proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” People v Nowack, 462 Mich 392, 399-400;

614 NW2d 78 (2000) (internal quotation and citation omitted).

The standard of review is deferential: a reviewing court is required to

draw all reasonable inferences and make credibility choices in support of the jury

verdict. The scope of review is the same whether the evidence is direct or

circumstantial. Circumstantial evidence and reasonable inferences arising from

that evidence can constitute satisfactory proof of the elements of a crime. [Id. at

400 (internal quotation and citation omitted).]

“It is for the trier of fact, not the appellate court, to determine what inferences may be fairly

drawn from the evidence and to determine the weight to be accorded those inferences.” People v

Hardiman, 466 Mich 417, 428; 646 NW2d 158 (2002).

Because the charged kidnapping occurred in December 2004, the trial court correctly

instructed the jury regarding the elements of a forcible confinement kidnapping as prescribed in

MCL 750.349 at the time of the offense.1 Forcible confinement kidnapping under the former

statute required proof of the following elements: (1) the defendant’s confinement or

imprisonment of the victim through an “unlawful exercise or show of force by which [the victim]

is compelled to . . . go where [s]he does not wish to go,” People v Wesley, 421 Mich 375, 384,

388; 365 NW2d 692 (1984) (internal quotation and citation omitted); (2) the defendant acted

“wilfully, maliciously and without authority,” id. at 383, 388; (3) the defendant confined or

imprisoned the victim against her will; and (4) the defendant asported or moved the victim in a

manner “not merely incidental to an underlying crime,” id. at 388, but “incidental to the

commission of the kidnapping.” People v Adams, 389 Mich 222, 236; 205 NW2d 415 (1973). A

1

MCL 750.349 was amended in 2006. See 2006 PA 159.

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consideration in determining whether the asportation element existed includes whether “the

movement adds either a greater danger or threat thereof,” and “[w]hether or not a particular

movement constitutes statutory asportation . . . must be determined from all the

circumstances . . . and is a question of fact for the jury.” Id. at 238. “A course of movement

incidental to both kidnapping and another offense could be of such quality and character as to

supply the asportation element of kidnapping.” People v Barker, 411 Mich 291, 300; 307 NW2d

61 (1981).

The CSC I offense with which defendant was charged was based on alternate theories:

(1), that defendant engaged in sexual penetration during the commission of the crime of

kidnapping, MCL 750.520b(1)(c); and (2), that defendant was armed with “a weapon or any

article used or fashioned in a manner to lead the victim to reasonably believe it to be a weapon,”

MCL 750.520b(1)(e). To establish CSC I under subsection (c), the prosecutor must prove (1) the

defendant’s penetration of the victim, and (2) the circumstances involving the commission of the

other felony (here, the kidnapping) directly impacted the victim of the sexual penetration.

People v Lockett, 295 Mich App 165, 174, 178-179; 814 NW2d 295 (2012). To establish CSC I

under subsection (e), the prosecutor must prove (1) the defendant’s penetration of the victim, and

(2) the defendant’s possession of a weapon, even if only when the sexual assault begins. People

v Proveaux, 157 Mich App 357, 361-363; 403 NW2d 135 (1987).

The victim’s testimony was sufficient to establish forcible confinement kidnapping. Her

testimony that defendant accosted her on the street, pointed a gun in her face, and moved her into

an alley established that (1) defendant unlawfully and forcibly confined or imprisoned her, (2)

defendant’s actions were done against the victim’s will; (3) defendant asported the victim in a

manner incidental to the kidnapping to a location that presented a greater danger or threat of

greater danger to the victim because of its isolated location, see People v Lynn, 91 Mich App

117, 125-126; 283 NW2d 664 (1979), aff’d in Barker, 411 Mich 291, and People v Worden, 71

Mich App 507, 515; 248 NW2d 597 (1976), and (4) that defendant acted maliciously, willfully,

and without authority, see People v Kanaan, 278 Mich App 594, 622; 751 NW2d 57 (2008)

(observing that minimal circumstantial evidence is required to prove a defendant’s state of

mind).

The victim’s testimony also sufficed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt defendant’s

guilt of CSC I under both MCL 750.520b(1)(c) and (e). Concerning subsection (c), the victim’s

testimony established that (1) defendant penetrated her, and (2) the penetration occurred under

circumstances in which defendant also kidnapped the victim, a felony that directly impacted the

victim by placing her in the position where defendant sexually assaulted her. Lockett, 295 Mich

App at 178-179. Regarding subsection (e), the victim’s testimony also established that (1)

defendant penetrated the victim, and (2) at the commencement of the sexual assault, defendant

possessed a handgun. Proveaux, 157 Mich App at 362-363.

Though defendant claims there was no credible evidence contradicting his testimony that

he and the victim shared consensual intercourse in her apartment, the victim testified that she did

not consent to defendant’s sexual assault in the alley and she denied ever having previously seen

defendant. Furthermore, a police officer, the victim’s mother, and the victim’s coworker, all

who observed the victim in the early morning hours of December 7, 2004, each testified at trial

that the victim was emotionally distraught and had significant difficulty communicating after her

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kidnapping and assault. Given the conflicting evidence, the jury reasonably rejected defendant’s

proffered consent defense, and in any event, on appeal, all conflicts in the evidence must be

resolved in favor of the prosecution. People v Williams, 268 Mich App 416, 419; 707 NW2d

624 (2005).

III

Defendant challenges the trial court’s scoring of offense variables 3, 11, and 12 of the

sentencing guidelines. 2 Although defendant preserved his challenges to the scoring of OV 3 and

OV 11 by objecting to the scoring of those variables at sentencing, he did not object to the

scoring of OV 12, either at sentencing, in a motion for resentencing, or a motion to remand in

this Court. Therefore, his appellate challenge to the scoring of OV 12 is unpreserved. MCL

769.34(10).

We review for clear error a trial court’s factual determinations with respect to the scoring

of offense variables in the sentencing guidelines, and the factual determinations “must be

supported by a preponderance of the evidence.” People v Hardy, 494 Mich 430, 438; 835 NW2d

340 (2013). We consider de novo the legal question of statutory interpretation inherent in

“whether the facts, as found, are adequate to satisfy the scoring conditions prescribed by statute.”

Id. We review unpreserved claims of error only to ascertain whether a plain error affected the

defendant’s substantial rights. People v Carines, 460 Mich 750, 762-764, 774; 597 NW2d 130

(1999).

A

In MCL 777.33(1)(d), the Legislature authorized the scoring of OV 3 for a victim’s

physical injury at 10 points when the victim experienced “[b]odily injury requiring medical

treatment.” “ ‘[B]odily injury’ encompasses anything that the victim would, under the

circumstances, perceive as some unwanted physically damaging consequence.” People v

McDonald, 293 Mich App 292, 298; 811 NW2d 507 (2011). Pursuant to MCL 777.33(3), “

‘requiring medical treatment’ refers to the necessity for treatment and not the victim’s success in

obtaining treatment.” Although defendant claims the victim reported no injury and that she only

received medical attention for collecting evidence, our review of the record indicates the

collection of evidence was not the sole purpose for the victim’s trip to the hospital shortly after

the sexual assault. Rather, as a result of the sexual assault, the doctor considered it necessary to

physically examine the victim, collect samples from her vagina, and prescribe prophylactics to

protect against the spread of sexually transmitted diseases as well as pregnancy. In light of these

facts, the trial court did not clearly err by finding that a preponderance of the evidence

established that the victim suffered a bodily injury necessitating medical treatment. Hardy, 494

Mich at 438. Thus, the trial court did not err by assessing 10 points for OV 3.

2

The “sentencing guidelines in effect [in 2004,] the date the crime was committed,” apply.

MCL 769.34(2).

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B

In MCL 777.41, our Legislature provided for the scoring of OV 11 as follows:

(1) Offense variable 11 is criminal sexual penetration. Score offense

variable 11 by determining which of the following apply and by assigning the

number of points attributable to the one that has the highest number of points:

(a) Two or more criminal sexual penetrations occurred ….... 50 points

(b) One criminal sexual penetration occurred ………………. 25 points

(c) No criminal sexual penetration occurred ………………… 0 points

(2) All of the following apply to scoring offense variable 11:

(a) Score all sexual penetrations of the victim by the offender arising

out of the sentencing offense.

(b) Multiple sexual penetrations of the victim by the offender

extending beyond the sentencing offense may be scored in offense variables 12 or

13.

(c) Do not score points for the 1 penetration that forms the basis of a

first- or third-degree criminal sexual conduct offense.

The trial court scored the guidelines only for defendant’s CSC I conviction. See People v

Mack, 265 Mich App 122, 128-129; 695 NW2d 342 (2005) (a PSIR is only prepared for the

highest crime class felony conviction). The victim’s testimony substantiated only one incident of

sexual intercourse, and there was no record evidence of multiple or repeated penetrations by

defendant’s penis into her vagina. Therefore, because points may not be scored for the one

penetration that forms the basis for the conviction, the trial court erred as a matter of law by

assessing 25 under OV 11. Hardy, 494 Mich at 442 n 33; People v Johnson, 474 Mich 96, 102 n

2; 712 NW2d 703 (2006).

C

MCL 777.42 provides in pertinent part:

(1) Offense variable 12 is contemporaneous felonious criminal acts.

Score offense variable 12 by determining which of the following apply and by

assigning the number of points attributable to the one that has the highest number

of points:

(a) Three or more contemporaneous felonious criminal acts involving

crimes against a person were committed ……………………………….. 25 points

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(b) Two contemporaneous felonious criminal acts involving crimes

against a person were committed ……………………………………….. 10 points

(c) Three or more contemporaneous felonious criminal acts involving

other crimes were committed …………………………………………… 10 points

(d) One contemporaneous felonious criminal act involving a crime

against a person was committed ………………………………………….. 5 points

***

(2) All of the following apply in scoring offense variable 12:

(a) A felonious criminal act is contemporaneous if both the following

circumstances exist:

(i) The act occurred within 24 hours of the sentencing offense.

(ii) The act has not and will not result in a separate conviction.

(b) A violation of section 227b of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA

328, MCL 750.227b, should not be considered for scoring this variable.

(c) Do not score conduct scored in offense variable 11.

“[W]hen scoring OV 12, a court must look beyond the sentencing offense and consider only

those separate acts or behavior that did not establish the sentencing offense.” People v Light,

290 Mich App 717, 723; 803 NW2d 720 (2010).

The prosecutor argued that the trial court should score OV 12 at 10 points pursuant to

MCL 777.42(1)(b) because defendant “was convicted of two or more crimes against a person.”

The trial court agreed that defendant had been convicted of two crimes, but did not specify which

two crimes it considered when assigning defendant 10 points under OV 12.

We find that plain error occurred in the trial court’s scoring of 10 points under OV 12.

First, as the sentencing offense, CSC I could not be considered in scoring OV 12. Light, 290

Mich App at 723. Second, kidnapping could not be considered in scoring OV 12 because it

resulted in a separate conviction. MCL 777.42(a)(ii). Third, CSC III could not be considered

because that charge involved the same sexual penetration that established the sentencing offense.

Light, 290 Mich App at 723. Moreover, the clear and unambiguous language of MCL

777.42(2)(b) precluded the trial court from considering the felony-firearm charge. Finally, while

felonious assault is a crime against a person, MCL 777.16d, and would therefore qualify as a

contemporaneous felony because it occurred “within 24 hours of the sentencing offense,” MCL

777.42(a)(i), and “has not and will not result in a separate conviction,” MCL 777.42(a)(ii), it was

the only contemporaneous felonious act that could be scored under OV 12. A 10-point score for

OV 12 requires two contemporaneous felonious criminal acts against a person. Thus, only 5

points could be properly assessed to defendant under OV 12, MCL 777.42(1)(d).

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D

The trial court scored a total of 10 prior record variable points and 105 OV points,

placing defendant in PRV Level C and OV Level VI, with a minimum sentencing guidelines

range of 135 to 225 months.3 Given that the trial court should have scored OV 11 at zero points,

not 25 points, and OV 12 at five points, not 10 points, defendant’s corrected OV score becomes

75 points, placing him in OV level IV, with a minimum sentencing guidelines range of 108 to

180 months. MCL 777.62. Because the scoring errors affect the appropriate guidelines range,

we vacate the judgment of sentence and remand for resentencing. People v Francisco, 474 Mich

82, 89 n 8; 711 NW2d 44 (2006).

Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded for resentencing. We do not retain

jurisdiction.

/s/ Stephen L. Borrello

/s/ Kurtis T. Wilder

/s/ Cynthia Diane Stephens

3

At sentencing, the trial court erroneously referred to the guidelines range as 126 to 210 months.

That is the range for an offender who falls at the C-V cell of the sentencing grid for a class A

offense. MCL 777.62.

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