finding relator not entitled to relief in mandamus where the requested relief was not sought in the complaint and the relator “did not timely amend its complaint to include a request for it”
How later courts described this case
- finding relator not entitled to relief in mandamus where the requested relief was not sought in the complaint and the relator “did not timely amend its complaint to include a request for it”
- “A ‘case is moot when the issues presented are no longer “live” or the parties lack a legally cognizable interest in the outcome.’”
- a court's function is to render judgment in actual controversies where judgment can be carried into effect
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
[Cite as State ex rel. Gaylor, Inc. v. Goodenow, 125 Ohio St.3d 407, 2010-Ohio-1844.]
THE STATE EX REL. GAYLOR, INC. v. GOODENOW, DIR., ET AL.
[Cite as State ex rel. Gaylor, Inc. v. Goodenow,
125 Ohio St.3d 407, 2010-Ohio-1844.]
Mandamus — Respondents abused discretion in rejecting construction bid — Writ
of mandamus granted ordering respondents to reinstate and reevaluate
relator’s bid.
(No. 2010-0330 — Submitted April 23, 2010 — Decided April 29, 2010.)
IN MANDAMUS.
__________________
Per Curiam.
{¶ 1} This is an action for a writ of mandamus ordering a board of
county commissioners, the individual commissioners, and the director and
assistant director of the county department of public facilities management to
consider whether a low bid for a construction contract on a public-works project
is the best bid without reliance on their unlawful finding that the low bidder had
previously violated prevailing-wage law and to reinstate the bid and reconsider it
under the applicable criteria. Because the company submitting the low bid has
established its entitlement to the requested extraordinary relief based on our
recent decision in State ex rel. Associated Builders & Contrs. of Cent. Ohio v.
Franklin Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 125 Ohio St.3d 112, 2010-Ohio-1199, 926 N.E.2d
600, we grant the writ.
Facts
{¶ 2} Franklin County is constructing a new animal shelter and adoption
center. The Franklin County Department of Public Facilities Management issued
an invitation to bid for the electrical-systems package of the project. At Section
8.2.4 of the county’s invitation to bid, the construction manager is required to
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obtain from the lowest responsive bidder any information the project
representative “deems appropriate to the consideration of factors showing that
such Bidder’s bid is the best,” including 25 specified criteria.
{¶ 3} One of these 25 criteria is listed in Section 8.2.4.15 as
“[i]nformation that the Bidder has not been debarred from public contracts or
found by the state (after all appeals) to have violated prevailing wage laws more
than three times in a two-year period in the last ten years.” Notwithstanding the
language in the county’s invitation to bid, the county treats the prevailing-wage
violations of Section 8.2.4.15 as dispositive, and it ignores other factors once it
determines that a bidder has violated prevailing-wage laws more than three times
in a two-year period in the last ten years.
{¶ 4} Relator, Gaylor, Inc. (“Gaylor”), is a commercial electrical
company with locations in several states, including Ohio. On November 23,
2009, Gaylor submitted the lowest bid for the project’s electrical-systems
contract.
{¶ 5} By letter dated December 28, 2009, respondent Richard E. Myers,
the assistant director of the Franklin County Department of Public Facilities
Management, notified Gaylor that the county had rejected its bid because Gaylor
“has been found by the State of Ohio to have violated the State’s prevailing wage
laws more than three times in a two-year period within the last ten years” and was
thus ineligible for the award. The county’s determination that Gaylor had
violated prevailing-wage law was based on its own review and investigation of
Ohio Department of Commerce records, even though the department has never
found that Gaylor violated prevailing-wage law. All of Gaylor’s alleged
violations were unintentional underpayments that it had settled without admitting
liability or any administrative or judicial finding of liability.
{¶ 6} Pursuant to Section 8.3.1.1 of the county’s invitation to bid, Gaylor
submitted a written protest to the county’s rejection of its bid and requested a
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January Term, 2010
meeting on its protest. The meeting was held on January 14, 2010, and Gaylor
submitted additional evidence to support its contention that it had never been
found by the state to have violated prevailing-wage law. On February 9, 2010,
respondent James A. Goodenow, director of the Franklin County Department of
Public Facilities Management, denied Gaylor’s protest and affirmed the county’s
rejection of its bid on the electrical-systems portion of the county animal-shelter
project. The county’s rejection of Gaylor’s bid was based solely on the county’s
interpretation of Section 8.2.4.15 despite having no evidence that Gaylor had been
found by any administrative or judicial authority to have violated prevailing-wage
law; the county did not consider any of the other criteria.
{¶ 7} On February 22, Gaylor filed this original action for writs of
prohibition and mandamus against the individual Franklin County commissioners
as well as the director and assistant director of the Franklin County Department of
Public Facilities Management. Gaylor also filed a motion for an emergency stay
and an expedited alternative writ. The next day, February 23, the Franklin County
Board of Commissioners awarded the electrical-systems contract for the county
animal-shelter project to Jess Howard Electric, Inc., for about $100,000 more than
Gaylor’s bid, executed the contract, and issued a notice to the company to
proceed.
{¶ 8} On March 12, we dismissed Gaylor’s prohibition claim and denied
its motion for an emergency stay and expedited alternative writ insofar as the
motion was based on the prohibition claim. State ex rel. Gaylor, Inc. v.
Goodenow, 124 Ohio St.3d 1511, 2010-Ohio-919, 923 N.E.2d 154. We also
granted an alternative writ on Gaylor’s mandamus claim, allowed Gaylor to file
an amended complaint to name the Franklin County Board of Commissioners as
an additional respondent, and stayed respondents from “enforcing or proceeding
on their decisions disqualifying relator’s bid and awarding the contract to an
alternate contractor pending the court’s resolution of relator’s mandamus claim.”
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Id. Gaylor filed an amended complaint to name the board as a defendant, and we
extended the stay to the board. State ex rel. Gaylor, Inc. v. Goodenow, 124 Ohio
St.3d 1513, 2010-Ohio-959, 923 N.E.2d 156. Upon respondents’ motion for
clarification of the stay, we specified that respondents “are precluded from taking
any action or authorizing any contractor to act in connection with this case until
further order of this court.” State ex rel. Gaylor, Inc. v. Goodenow, 124 Ohio
St.3d 1515, 2010-Ohio-1030, 923 N.E.2d 157.
{¶ 9} The parties have now submitted evidence and briefs on Gaylor’s
remaining mandamus claim. This case is now before the court for our
consideration of the merits. Because respondents claim that no construction on
the county animal-shelter project can proceed until this case is resolved, we
expedite our determination.
Legal Analysis
Mootness
{¶ 10} Respondents argue that this mandamus complaint should be
dismissed as moot because the electrical-systems contract has already been
awarded to another contractor. A “ ‘case is moot when the issues presented are no
longer “live” or the parties lack a legally cognizable interest in the outcome.’ ”
Los Angeles Cty. v. Davis (1979), 440 U.S. 625, 631, 99 S.Ct. 1379, 59 L.Ed.2d
642, quoting Powell v. McCormack (1969), 395 U.S. 486, 496, 89 S.Ct. 1944, 23
L.Ed.2d 491. “It is not the duty of the court to answer moot questions, and when,
pending proceedings * * * in this court, an event occurs, without the fault of
either party, which renders it impossible for the court to grant any relief, it will
dismiss the petition * * *.” Miner v. Witt (1910), 82 Ohio St. 237, 92 N.E. 21,
syllabus.
{¶ 11} Conversely, if an actual controversy exists because it is possible
for a court to grant the requested relief, the case is not moot, and a consideration
of the merits is warranted. Allen v. Totes/Isotoner Corp., 123 Ohio St.3d 216,
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January Term, 2010
2009-Ohio-4231, 915 N.E.2d 622, ¶ 18 (O’Connor, J., concurring); State v.
Consilio, 114 Ohio St.3d 295, 2007-Ohio-4163, 871 N.E.2d 1167, ¶ 7. In a
construction-related case, if an unsuccessful bidder seeking to enjoin the
construction of a public-works project fails to obtain a stay of the construction
pending judicial resolution of its claims challenging the decision, and construction
commences, the unsuccessful bidder’s action will be dismissed as moot. See
generally TP Mechanical Contrs., Inc. v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Commrs., Franklin
App. No. 08AP-108, 2008-Ohio-6824, ¶ 20, and cases cited therein.
{¶ 12} This case is not moot. Gaylor filed this action challenging the
county’s rejection of its low bid on the electrical-systems contract for the county
animal-shelter project and sought a stay of respondents’ actions on February 22,
which was before the board awarded the contract to another contractor. And
although the board did, in fact, award the electrical-systems contract to another
bidder on February 23, which preceded our March 12 stay, respondents have
introduced no evidence that the other contractor commenced construction
pursuant to the awarded contract before we issued the stay.
{¶ 13} In this regard, respondents claim in their merit brief that
“construction activities were commenced by Jess Howard Electric prior to the
stay being issued” and cite an affidavit attached to their emergency motion for an
expedited briefing schedule to support this statement. But the cited evidence for
this statement does not support it; instead, it merely states that the court’s stay of
the electrical-systems contract effectively prevented other contractors from
proceeding. Gaylor previously rebutted a comparable unsupported claim made by
respondents in their motion for clarification by stating in its memorandum in
opposition: “[The county] argues that * * * another contractor started performing
the work (with no evidence that that has happened).” (Emphasis added.) Yet
respondents still failed to submit evidence that the other bidder had commenced
construction on the electrical-systems contract before we issued the stay. And the
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contractor that was awarded the project did not seek leave to intervene in this case
to oppose Gaylor’s claim. Therefore, this case is not moot and our stay of
respondents’ actions has kept Gaylor’s mandamus claim viable. Cf. TP
Mechanical Contrs., 2008-Ohio-6824, at ¶ 20.
{¶ 14} Therefore, we proceed to address the merits of Gaylor’s mandamus
claim.
Mandamus
{¶ 15} Gaylor seeks a writ of mandamus to compel respondents to fully
and fairly consider whether its low bid was the best bid, without reliance on their
unlawful finding that Gaylor had previously violated prevailing-wage law, and to
reinstate Gaylor’s bid to fully and fairly consider it. To be entitled to the writ,
Gaylor must establish a clear legal right to the requested relief, a corresponding
clear legal duty on the part of respondents to provide it, and the lack of an
adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law. State ex rel. Husted v. Brunner,
123 Ohio St.3d 119, 2009-Ohio-4805, 914 N.E.2d 397, ¶ 11.
{¶ 16} We have generally recognized mandamus as the appropriate
remedy to correct an abuse of discretion by a public board in a decision that is not
appealable. See State ex rel. Morgan v. State Teachers Retirement Bd. of Ohio,
121 Ohio St.3d 324, 2009-Ohio-591, 904 N.E.2d 506, ¶ 20. Gaylor has no appeal
from the county’s rejection of its bid and the board’s award of the contract to
another bidder.
{¶ 17} More specifically, we have held that mandamus is available to
remedy an abuse of discretion by a board of county commissioners in its decision
to award a competitively bid public-works contract. See State ex rel. Hanson v.
Guernsey Cty. Bd. of Commrs. (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 545, 550, 605 N.E.2d 378,
citing State ex rel. Executone of Northwest Ohio, Inc. v. Commrs. of Lucas Cty.
(1984), 12 Ohio St.3d 60, 12 OBR 51, 465 N.E.2d 416 (“Executone is authority
for the dismissal of a complaint that attacks the decision of a board of county
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January Term, 2010
commissioners to award a contract, but does not allege an abuse of discretion”
[emphasis added]). A board’s use of unannounced criteria to reject a bid on a
public-works contract constitutes an abuse of discretion that is remediable in
mandamus. Hanson, 65 Ohio St.3d at 550, 605 N.E.2d 378.
{¶ 18} Therefore, respondents’ reliance on cases like State ex rel. Al
Monzo Constr. Co., Inc. v. Warren Bd. of Control (1961), 172 Ohio St. 370, 16
O.O.2d 220, 176 N.E.2d 427, in arguing that Gaylor has an adequate remedy at
law by prohibitory injunction or appeal, is misplaced. Notably, Al Monzo was
cited in the dissenting opinion in Hanson. See Hanson, 65 Ohio St.3d at 553, 605
N.E.2d 378 (Holmes, J., dissenting). And a common pleas court action would not
constitute an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law, because Gaylor
seeks extraordinary relief in the nature of a mandatory injunction to compel
respondents to apply the criteria in a lawful fashion in assessing whether its bid
for the electrical-systems contract is the lowest and best bid under R.C.
307.90(A). See State ex rel. Deiter v. McGuire, 119 Ohio St.3d 384, 2008-Ohio-
4536, 894 N.E.2d 680, ¶ 25.
{¶ 19} Finally, on the remaining issue of whether respondents abused
their discretion in rejecting Gaylor’s bid, we recently resolved this issue by
holding that the county’s practice of misapplying Section 8.2.4.15 of its
evaluation criteria to companies – like Gaylor – that had not been found by the
state, after all appeals, to have violated prevailing-wage laws, constituted an abuse
of discretion. State ex rel. Associated Builders & Contrs. of Cent. Ohio v.
Franklin Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 125 Ohio St.3d 112, 2010-Ohio-1199, 926 N.E.2d
600. Respondents concede this point in the parties’ joint stipulations. And as in
the rejection of the bid in Associated Builders at ¶ 39, based on its erroneous
application of Section 8.2.4.15 of its evaluation criteria to reject Gaylor’s bid, the
county failed to apply the other criteria to assess the propriety of Gaylor’s bid.
Respondents’ misapplication of one criterion and their failure to consider other
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criteria in rejecting Gaylor’s bid is similar to the board’s use of unannounced
criteria to reject a bid on a public-works contract that we held resulted in a
potentially viable mandamus claim in Hanson, 65 Ohio St.3d at 550, 605 N.E.2d
378.
{¶ 20} Based on the foregoing, Gaylor has established its entitlement to
the requested writ to compel the reinstatement of its bid and a reevaluation of it
based on the applicable criteria without reliance on Section 8.2.4.15. Insofar as
Gaylor now requests that a writ of mandamus also be granted to compel
respondents to award the electrical-systems contract on the county animal-shelter
project to Gaylor, it is not entitled to this relief because it did not timely amend its
complaint to include a request for it and it is ultimately the board’s determination
under R.C. 307.90(A) whether Gaylor is the lowest and best bidder. See State ex
rel. Repository v. Nova Behavioral Health, Inc., 112 Ohio St.3d 338, 2006-Ohio-
6713, 859 N.E.2d 936, ¶ 41 (court need not address merits of claim that was not
raised in complaint or sought to be raised in an amended complaint; the parties’
evidence was submitted based on claims raised in the complaint, and there was no
indication that the parties consented to the trial of the new claim). We deny
Gaylor’s motion for leave to file a second amended complaint.
Conclusion
{¶ 21} Therefore, we grant Gaylor a writ of mandamus to compel
respondents to reinstate its bid and to determine whether, based on the applicable
criteria, without reliance on Section 8.2.4.15, Gaylor is the lowest and best bidder
for the electrical-systems contract of the county animal-shelter project. If the
respondents ultimately so determine, they shall rescind the award of the contract
to the other bidder and award the contract to Gaylor.
Writ granted.
LUNDBERG STRATTON, O’CONNOR, O’DONNELL, and CUPP, JJ., concur.
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January Term, 2010
PFEIFER, ACTING C.J., and LANZINGER, J., dissent for the reasons stated in
the dissenting opinion of PFEIFER, J., in State ex rel. Associated Builders &
Contrs. of Cent. Ohio v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 125 Ohio St.3d 112, 2010-
Ohio-1199, 926 N.E.2d 600.
The late CHIEF JUSTICE THOMAS J. MOYER did not participate in the
decision in this case.
__________________
The Copley Law Firm, L.L.C., Michael F. Copley, Kenley S. Maddux,
Mark E. Landers, and Adam F. Florey, for relator.
Ron O’Brien, Franklin County Prosecuting Attorney, Nick A. Soulas Jr.,
First Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, and Anthony E. Palmer Jr. and Patrick J.
Piccininni, Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys, for respondents.
_____________________
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