The opinion
NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
___________
No. 14-1241
___________
THOMAS I. GAGE,
Appellant
v.
FRANK J. PROVENZANO, Somerset County Sheriff;
STATE JUDGE MARY C. JACOBSON;
ATTORNEY NICHOLAS J. CANOVA;
ATTORNEY GREGG P. TABAKIN; FEIN SUCH KAHN &
SHEPPARD P.C.; WELLS FARGO BANK, NA SA
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of New Jersey
(D.C. Civil Action No. 3-13-cv-02256)
District Judge: Honorable Freda L. Wolfson
____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
July 1, 2014
Before: CHAGARES, GARTH and SLOVITER, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: July 3, 2014)
___________
OPINION
___________
PER CURIAM
Thomas I. Gage appeals from the order of the District Court dismissing his
complaint under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. We will affirm.
I.
At issue here is Gage’s third federal complaint based on the foreclosure of and his
eviction from real property located at 51 Hillcrest Boulevard in Warren, New Jersey. We
affirmed the dismissal of Gage’s previous two complaints. See Gage v. Wells Fargo
Bank, N.A., AS, No. 13-3297, 2014 WL 169654 (3d Cir. Jan. 16, 2014); Gage v. Wells
Fargo Bank, NA AS, 521 F. App’x 49 (3d Cir. 2013).
In the first of those complaints, Gage asserted multiple claims against Wells Fargo
Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”) alleging that it fraudulently obtained the judgment of
foreclosure and order of eviction in state court. Gage also named as a defendant Sheriff
Frank J. Provenzano, whom he accused of wrongfully enforcing the state-court
judgments. We affirmed the District Court’s ruling that Gage’s claims against Wells
Fargo, which sought to undo the state-court foreclosure proceeding, are barred by the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine. See Gage, 521 F. App’x at 50-51. We also affirmed the
District Court’s ruling that Provenzano was entitled to qualified immunity because he
acted pursuant to a state-court judgment. See id. at 51.
In the second complaint, Gage asserted essentially identical claims against Wells
Fargo, and we affirmed the District Court’s ruling that those claims are barred by res
judicata and remained barred by the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. See Gage, 2014 WL
2
169654, at *2. Gage did not name Provenzano as a defendant in that action, but he
purported to raise claims against Provenzano and we explained that any such claims
would be barred by res judicata as well. See id.
While Gage’s second complaint was still pending before the District Court, he
filed the complaint at issue here. He again named Wells Fargo and Provenzano as
defendants and again accused them of essentially the same misconduct that he alleged in
his prior suits. He also named as defendants (1) the Honorable Mary C. Jacobson, the
state-court judge who apparently entered the judgment of foreclosure, and (2) lawyers
and the law firm who represented Wells Fargo in the state-court foreclosure proceeding
and in his prior federal suits. This time, Gage purported to bring his claims under various
federal criminal statutes and the Racketeer Influences and Corrupt Organizations Act.
All defendants but Provenzano moved to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6). Gage did not
oppose the motions, and the District Court granted them and dismissed Gage’s complaint
in its entirety. Gage appeals.1
1
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we exercise plenary review over the
District Court’s dismissal of a complaint under Rule 12(b)(6). See Capogrosso v. Sup.
Ct. of N.J., 588 F.3d 180, 184 (3d Cir. 2009). In addition to dismissing Gage’s
complaint, the District Court denied as futile his motion to file an amended complaint.
Gage sought in that motion to assert claims against another state-court judge and a
Superior Court clerk. Gage did not require leave to amend at that stage, see Fed. R. Civ.
P. 15(a)(1)(B), but he has not challenged the District Court’s denial of leave to amend or
otherwise raised his proposed claims on appeal and we thus will not address them.
Moreover, we note that Gage later filed his claims against these two proposed defendants
in a separate civil action at D.N.J. Civ. No. 3-13-cv-06985, which the District Court
dismissed on May 6, 2014.
3
II.
The District Court properly dismissed Gage’s complaint primarily for the reasons
it adequately explained. Among other things, we agree that Gage’s claims against Wells
Fargo and Provenzano are barred by both res judicata and collateral estoppel because he
either raised or could have raised all of his claims in his first federal complaint. See In re
Mullarkey, 536 F.3d 215, 225 (3d Cir. 2008) (applying New Jersey law).2 Gage’s claims
against Wells Fargo’s former counsel are barred by collateral estoppel as well. Gage
previously claimed that Wells Fargo fraudulently obtained the judgments of foreclosure
and eviction. Gage now claims that Wells Fargo’s former counsel, as Wells Fargo’s
agents, fraudulently obtained those judgments on Wells Fargo’s behalf. If Gage’s claims
against Wells Fargo are barred by the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, as we previously
concluded, then his claims against Wells Fargo’s former counsel must be as well.3
2
Unlike the other defendants, Provenzano did not file a motion to dismiss and instead
answered the complaint. The District Court’s dismissal of the complaint as to
Provenzano thus is properly characterized as sua sponte. Gage has not argued on appeal
that the District Court erred in that regard, however, and any such error would be
harmless because his claims against Provenzano are clearly barred for the reasons
explained by the District Court.
3
Collateral estoppel applies when:
(1) the issue to be precluded [i.e., application of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine] is
identical to the issue decided in the prior proceeding; (2) the issue was actually litigated
in the prior proceeding; (3) the court in the prior proceeding issued a final judgment on
the merits; (4) the determination of the issue was essential to the prior judgment; and
(5) the party against whom the doctrine is asserted [i.e., Gage] was a party to or in
4
Finally, we agree with the District Court that Gage’s claims against Judge Jacobson,
whom he accuses of committing “treason” by overlooking the other parties’ alleged
fraud, are barred by judicial immunity. See Capogrosso, 588 F.3d at 184.
Gage does not directly address these points and instead devotes the majority of his
briefs to arguing that Wells Fargo was not authorized to foreclose. Those were
arguments to raise in state court. Gage’s other arguments are waived because he did not
raise them below, and they also lack merit. Gage argues that the District Court should
have recommended a criminal investigation, but he cites no authority supporting that
proposition and we are aware of none. Gage also argues that the District Court conducted
a “bench trial” even though he demanded a trial by jury. The District Court did not
conduct a trial and instead properly dismissed Gage’s complaint under Rule 12(b)(6).
Finally, Gage asserts that the District Judge should have recused herself, but he offers no
actual argument in that regard and we perceive no basis for disqualification.
One final matter warrants discussion. When the District Court dismissed Gage’s
second complaint, it also enjoined him from filing further lawsuits related to the
foreclosure of the property at issue without leave of court. Although the District Court
did not provide notice and an opportunity to respond before issuing its injunction, we
affirmed it because Gage did not contest it on appeal. See Gage, 2014 WL 169654, at *3.
privity with a party to the earlier proceeding.
Mullarkey, 536 F.3d at 226 (quoting Twp. of Middletown v. Simon, 937 A.2d 949, 954
5
In the order at issue here, the District Court once again enjoined Gage from filing similar
lawsuits, but Gage, despite our prior discussion, once again has chosen not to contest it
on appeal. We thus have no occasion to address the issue further.
For these reasons, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.
(N.J. 2008)).
6