"Send-ing or mailing by the United States Postal Service is not the equivalent of filing. Such an act is merely one mode of transporting the necessary papers to the Clerk's Office where the papers are to be filed by the Clerk.”
How later courts described this case
- "Send-ing or mailing by the United States Postal Service is not the equivalent of filing. Such an act is merely one mode of transporting the necessary papers to the Clerk's Office where the papers are to be filed by the Clerk.”
- complaint mailed before bar date but received and filed by clerk one day late dismissed
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
OPINION ON MOTION TO DISMISS
RODNEY R. STEELE, Bankruptcy Judge.
THE CASE
Plaintiff-creditor filed a complaint to determine the dischargeability of a debt pursuant to Title 11, United States Code, Section 523 . Defendant-debtor moved to dismiss on the ground that the complaint was filed late and was thus time barred.
FINDINGS
The facts are not in dispute. Debtor filed his Chapter 7 petition November 13, 1984, in the United States Bankruptcy Court, Middle District of Alabama, at Montgomery, Alabama.
A meeting of creditors was held December 26,1985. By the notice of 341 Meeting, February 25, 1985, was fixed as the last day for the filing of objections to the discharge of the debtor and for the filing of a complaint to determine the dischargeability of any debt. All parties in interest had timely notice of these dates.
On February 23, 1985, plaintiffs placed a complaint to determine dischargeability of any debt in the United States Mails in Birmingham, Alabama. The complaint was received and stamped filed February 26, 1985, by Deputy Clerk Yvonne Kemp in the United States Bankruptcy Court, Montgomery, Alabama.
ISSUE
The issue raised by debtor’s motion to dismiss the complaint as late filed is whether mailing constitutes filing under Bankruptcy Rule 4007(c).
The parties submitted the question to the court and supplied citations to authority and memoranda of law.
APPLICABLE LAW
The Fifth Circuit in the often-cited Alabama case of
Lee v. Dallas County Board of Education,
578 F.2d 1177 (5th Cir.1978) held that compliance with the filing requirement is not satisfied by mailing the necessary papers within the allotted time.
In a recent case where the facts parallel the present case, a bankruptcy court in Florida held that the creditor’s adversary complaint seeking determination that its claim was nondischargeable could not be deemed filed on the day it was mailed. The day it was received was used to determine whether it was filed before the deadline.
*17
Matter of Zorie,
2 B.R. 148 (Bk.Ct., S.D.Fla.1980). That court based its ruling on
Kahler-Ellis Co. v. Ohio Turnpike Commission,
225 F.2d 922 (6th Cir.1955). See also
Steele v. U.S.,
390 F.Supp. 1109 (D.C.Cal.1975).
The court in
Kahler-Ellis
held that only the act of depositing the notice of appeal in the mails occurred within 30 days. This act was not a filing; only when the Clerk acquired custody had it been filed. And see
LeJeune v. Midwestern Ins. Co.,
197 F.2d 149 (5th Cir.1952).
CONCLUSIONS
The plain language of Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 4007(c) states that complaints to determine the dischargeability of a debt must be
filed.
Sending or mailing by the United States Postal Service is not the equivalent of filing. Such an act is merely one made of transporting the necessary papers to the Clerk’s Office where the papers are to be
filed
by the Clerk.
In this case mailing, but not filing, occurred before the bar date; that filing before the bar date was necessary to preserve the right of plaintiff to have determined the dischargeability of a debt.
Defendant’s motion to dismiss the complaint is well taken. An appropriate order will enter.