The opinion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11 VILMAR CANDIDO DE SOUSA (A No. No. 1:26-cv-1560 DJC CKD P
216 166 517),
12
Petitioner,
13
v.
14 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
WARDEN, CALIFORNIA CITY ICE
15 DETENTION FACILITY,
16 Respondent.
17
18 Petitioner, detained by the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency (ICE), has
19 filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241.1 He seeks either release
20 or a hearing before an immigration judge resulting in release if it is not shown he is dangerous or
21 a flight risk. ECF No. 1 at 2. Respondent has filed an opposition to the petition / motion to
22 dismiss. ECF No. 6.
23 I. Background
24 Petitioner appeared at the El Paso point of entry on or around March 11, 2019, without
25 authorization to enter the United States. ECF No. 1 at 1, 9. Petitioner was released into the
26 United States on an “order of supervision” and ordered to appear for immigration proceedings in
27
1 This matter proceeds before the undersigned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636, Fed. R. Civ. P. 72,
28 and Local Rule 302(c)(17).
1 San Francisco on March 21, 2019. Id. at 9.
2 On December 17, 2025, petitioner appeared for a routine ICE check-in and was
3 unexpectedly taken into custody premised upon an allegation that he had violated terms of
4 release. Id. at 2. Petitioner made a request for custody redetermination pursuant to 8. C.F.R. §
5 1236. ECF No. 1 at 7. On January 12, 2026, an immigration judge found lack of jurisdiction to
6 consider the request. Id. Petitioner is detained at the California City ICE Detention Facility.
7 ECF No. 1 at 2, 5.
8 On February 4, 2026, petitioner was ordered removed. ECF 6-5. The decision was not
9 appealable to the Board of Immigration Appeals (ECF No. 6-5 at 2), and a review of the Ninth
10 Circuit’s electronic docket reveals petitioner has not appealed there.
11 II. Petitioner’s Claims and Analysis
12 A. Lack of Hearing
13 Petitioner claims that his arrest without a contemporaneous determination by an
14 immigration judge as to whether petitioner is dangerous or a flight risk violated petitioner’s rights
15 under federal law. ECF No. 1 at 4. However, any claim as to the legality of petitioner’s arrest is
16 now moot since petitioner is confined under 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(1)(A). Baires v. Lynch, No. C
17 15-03635 RS (PR), 2016 WL 4502558, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 29, 2016). That statute mandates
18 detention within the first ninety days of entry of a final order of removal. Since appeal was not
19 available to petitioner, and since petitioner did not appeal to the Ninth Circuit, the 90-day period
20 commenced on February 4, 2026. 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(1)(B). While petitioner does not challenge
21 his detention under 1231(a)(1)(A), the court notes that the Ninth Circuit has determined this
22 statutorily mandated 90-day period of detention “passes constitutional scrutiny.” Khotesouvan v.
23 Morones, 386 F.3d 1298, 1299 (9th Cir. 2004).
24 B. Conditions of Confinement
25 Petitioner complains about conditions at the California City ICE Detention Facility. ECF
26 No. 1 at 4. The court agrees with the reasoning in Cervantes v. Becerra, 1:25-cv-2058 KES SAB
27 HC, 2026 WL 603742, *2 (E.D. Cal., March 4, 2026) and the conclusion that habeas relief is not
28 available based upon a challenge to conditions of confinement, and conditions of confinement
1 || should be challenged in a civil nghts action or possibly a claim under Federal Tort Claims Act, 28
2 | U.S.C. §§ 2671-2680.
3 For all the foregoing reasons, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that:
4 1. Respondent’s motion to dismiss (ECF No. 6) be GRANTED;
5 2. The petition for writ of habeas corpus (ECF No. 1) be DISMISSED; and
6 3. This case be closed.
7 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge
8 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within seven (7) days
9 || after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written
10 || objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned
11 | “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Any response to the
12 || objections shall be served and filed within seven (7) days after service of the objections. The
13 || parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to
14 || appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. YIst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991).
16 Dated: April 14, 2026 Cardp ft | Lz (g-—
7 CAROLYNK.DELANEY. SOS
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
18
19
20 | 1
deso1560.imm. frs
22
23
24
25
26
27
28