Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

MIDDLE DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

TAMPA DIVISION

U.S. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT

OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION,

Plaintiff,

v. Case No.: 8:25-cv-01454-SDM-NHA

CEMEX CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS FLORIDA, LLC,

Defendant.

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ORDER

The Equal Employment Commission (EEOC) moves to compel certain

responses to its requests for production. Doc. 31. I grant the motion, in part.

I. Background

Amanda Textor worked for Defendant Cemex Construction Materials

Florida, LLC, as a Ready-Mix driver trainee, for a week in October 2023. The

EEOC initiated this case on June 4, 2025, alleging that Defendant unlawfully

refused to accommodate Ms. Textor’s religious practice, by forbidding her to

wear a skirt at work, and by subsequently terminating her. Doc. 1.

In the present motion, Plaintiff moves to compel Defendant to produce

materials responsive to several of Plaintiff’s requests for production. Doc. 31.

Defendant opposes the motion, arguing that the requests are irrelevant,

unduly burdensome, and disproportionate to the needs of the case. Doc. 35.

II. Legal Authority

The Court has “broad discretion under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure

26 to compel or deny discovery.” Josendis v. Wall to Wall Residence Repairs,

Inc., 662 F.3d 1292, 1306 (11th Cir. 2011). Rule 26(b), which sets out the scope

of discovery, provides that “[p]arties may obtain discovery regarding any

nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any party’s claim or defense and

proportional to the needs of the case.” FED. R. CIV. P. 26(b)(1). “The party

resisting production of information bears the burden of establishing . . . undue

burden in supplying the requested information.” Gober v. City of Leesburg, 197

F.R.D. 519, 521 (M.D. Fla. 2000).

However, Rule 26(b) also provides that “the court must limit the

frequency or extent of discovery otherwise allowed by these rules or by local

rule if it determines that: (i) the discovery sought is unreasonably cumulative

or duplicative, or can be obtained from some other source that is more

convenient, less burdensome, or less expensive; (ii) the party seeking discovery

has had ample opportunity to obtain the information by discovery in the action;

or (iii) the proposed discovery is outside the scope permitted by Rule 26(b)(1).”

FED. R. CIV. P. 26(b)(2)(C).

III. Analysis

On September 29, 2025, Plaintiff served Defendant with 57 Requests for

Production, along with an extensive list of “Proposed ESI Search Terms” (Doc.

35-1 p. 24), which terms it later revised (Doc. 35-2). The requests sought

material from September 1, 2023 to the present. Doc. 35-1 p. 24.

a. Requests 24 and 25

Plaintiff’s 24th Request sought “Documents concerning or reflecting

communication (including emails and text messages) between Ms. Textor and

John Rawls, TJ Paul, Sophia Husebo, Julian Riffaud, Justin Latessa, and/or

Clyde ‘Gator’ Fortner.” Doc. 35-1. p. 10.

Plaintiff’s 25th production request sought:

Documents concerning or reflecting communication (including emails and

text messages) that were sent or received by John Rawls, TJ Paul, Sophia

Husebo, Julian Riffaud, Justin Latessa, Clyde “Gator” Fortner, Defendant’s

management personnel, and/or Defendant’s human resources personnel

about any of the following: (1) Ms. Textor; (2) Defendant’s dress or grooming

policies or dress code; (3) the ability to wear a skirt in the Mixture Truck

Driver or Ready-Mix Driver position(s); and (4) religious accommodations

relating to Defendant’s dress code and/or safety policies.

Id.

Plaintiff takes issue with the procedures Defendant used to identify

documents responsive to these requests. Plaintiff asks the Court to issue orders

designed to remedy what Plaintiff views as Defendant’s procedural missteps.

Plaintiff’s concerns are well-taken.

i. Request for Hit Reports

Plaintiff moves to compel Defendant to produce “hit reports” showing the

number of documents returned by each of the search terms Plaintiff proposed

for finding documents responsive to Requests 24 and 25. I grant the request.

In response to Requests 24 and 25, Defendant initially produced no

email, but later produced some email. Doc. 31 p. 4 n. 4. Defendant has now

produced approximately 500 pages of responsive documents. Doc. 35 p. 7.

Defendant acknowledges that its response did not include all documents

responsive to Plaintiff’s search terms. However, Defendant explains, “[u]pon

receiving Plaintiff’s initial search terms, Defendant ran a search utilizing those

terms, which pulled 245.17 [gigabytes] of emails, amounting to approximately

120,000 emails.” Doc. 35 p. 8. So, finding review of the responsive materials to

be unduly burdensome, Defendant unilaterally added the required term

“Textor*” to each of the search terms, “to significantly reduce the results to a

manageable 1.08 [gigabytes] of emails, which resulted in approximately 550

emails to review.” Doc. 35 p. 9.

Requests 24 and 25 appear to seek relevant information. However,

Plaintiff attempts no showing as to why each of the search terms it proposes is

likewise reasonably calculated to lead to relevant information. And the Court

agrees that requiring Defendant to search 120,000 emails in response to these

two requests is likely unduly burdensome.

However, Plaintiff wished to work with Defendant to narrow its

requests. Indeed, Plaintiff requested hit reports for precisely that purpose.

Defendant refused to provide hit reports and instead unilaterally chose to add

“Textor*” to every search term. This method appears highly likely to exclude

documents responsive to Plaintiff’s relevant requests.

Because the method Defendant used to identify documents responsive to

Requests 24 and 25 appears insufficient, I grant Plaintiff’s motion to compel

hit reports. The request for hit reports appears to be a reasonable means to

facilitate a bilateral attempt to narrow an otherwise substantial discovery

request. See The Sedona Conference Best Practices Commentary on the Use of

Search & Information Retrieval Methods in E-Discovery, 15 SEDONA CONF. J.

217, 225 (2014) (“Parties and their counsel should make a good faith attempt

to cooperate when determining the use of particular search and information

retrieval methods, tools, and protocols (including keywords . . . and other types

of search parameters and quality control measures[)].”).

ii. Request to Compel an Attorney-Directed and Supervised

Search of Employee Cellphones

Next, Plaintiff asks the Court to order Defendant to conduct an attorney-

directed and attorney-supervised search of its custodians’ cellphones to

identify and collect communications responsive to Requests 24 and 25. I grant

the request.

Plaintiff explains that Defendant admittedly allowed employees to

identify and collect responsive documents from their own cellphones. Doc. 31

p. 9. Plaintiff noticed that Defendant did not produce certain texts that

Plaintiff knew to be responsive, and when asked about the omissions, defense

counsel could not say how the searches or collections were done or explain the

omissions. Id.

Defendant does not dispute that it asked its custodians to search and

collect materials from their own devices. Doc. 35 p. 11. And Defendant does not

explain the specific protocols provided to, or used by, the custodians, or proffer

any procedures that counsel used for quality assurance. Rather, Defendant

argues that the attorney-directed and supervised search is unnecessary,

because the custodians themselves say there are no more responsive

documents, the search is intrusive, and Plaintiff has not suggested any

discovery malfeasance. Id. pp. 10-11.

Defendant’s argument misses the mark. An attorney is responsible for

certifying discovery responses, and that obligation requires an attorney to be

confident in the integrity of the underlying search, collection, and production

procedures. Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(g); EEOC v. M1 5100 Corp., No. 19-cv-81320,

2020 WL 3581372, at *2 (S.D. Fla. July 2, 2020). Here, Defendant does not offer

any such assurance. And, without suggesting malfeasance, Plaintiff

demonstrates that the lay persons conducting the review and collection missed

relevant responsive documents.1 Thus, Plaintiff demonstrates error with

Defendant’s collection process that Defendant does not address. This provides

a reasonable basis for Plaintiff’s request.

As to the intrusiveness of the procedures, Plaintiff notes that Defendant

itself tells employees they have “no reasonable expectation of privacy with

respect to anything created, stored, sent or received on the mobile electronic

device whether using the remote network access or any other personal system,

application or program on the device,” and requires employees to give

Defendant “the right to obtain possession of the [employee’s personal] mobile

electronic device . . . for litigation or other purposes.” Doc. 31 p. 11. Moreover,

Plaintiff points out that Defendant need not produce anything to Plaintiff

beyond the responsive documents. But, in any event, Defendant proffers no

reasonably reliable less intrusive alternative.

In light of the omissions in Defendant’s response to Requests 24 and 25,

and of Defendant’s declination to describe or propose any protocol or quality

assurance procedures other than attorney participation, Plaintiff’s request is

reasonable, and I grant it.

1 Defendant does not explain the initial omissions. Instead, it seeks to

minimize them, stating “Plaintiff points to a minimal number of text message

correspondences that weren’t produced.” Doc. 35 p. 11. But, given that a total

of 7 pages of text messages were produced, a small number of responsive texts

appears proportionally significant.

b. Plaintiff’s Request to Compel Documents Regarding the Mixture

Truck Driver/Ready Mix Driver Position (Request 6)

Plaintiff asks the Court to compel Defendant’s response to its sixth

request for production, which seeks: “Documents sufficient to show position

descriptions, requirements, duties, qualifications, performance metrics,

and/or performance review documents for the Mixture Truck Driver or

Ready-Mix Driver positions(s) with Defendant, and any changes thereto, from

January 2023 through present.” Doc. 35-1 p. 6. I grant the request to the

extent it seeks performance review documents.

Defendant has produced the applicable safety policies and a safety video,

along with a job description for the Ready-Mix driver, which “outlines in detail

the job responsibilities, qualifications, knowledge, skills and abilities needed,

working conditions, and physical requirements of the Ready-Mix Driver

position.” Doc. 35 p. 13. And Defendant explains that “Defendant does not have

a set of documented performance metrics.” Doc. 35 p. 12. But Defendant claims

that, to the extent Request 6 seeks more than what Defendant has produced,

it is unduly burdensome, because it “seeks any document that even references

a Ready-Mix driver’s performance (texts, emails, etc.), at any plant throughout

the Company.” Doc. 35, p. 12,

First, the request appears to be relevant to whether wearing a skirt

violated Defendant’s safety standards and whether Plaintiff would have been

otherwise qualified to perform the job.

Second, both parties mischaracterize the wording of the request, which

seeks only “documents sufficient to show” various aspects of the Ready Mix

driver position. Plaintiff’s motion suggests Defendant owes to it every

document that “reflects upon . . .” the listed topics. Doc. 31 p. 13. Defendant

says the request calls for every document that “even references” the topics. Doc.

35 p. 12. Were this so, I might agree that such a request would be overbroad.

However, as the actual request seeks only documents “sufficient to show” the

listed characteristics of the job. I do not find the request, as written, to be

overbroad, and Defendant makes no showing that the request, as written, is

unduly burdensome.

Finally, it appears that Defendant has largely complied with the request.

It has produced a document that provides the “position descriptions,

requirements, duties, qualifications.” It claims it has no “performance metrics”

documents; so long as it certifies in a response that this is the case, it will

satisfy its obligation as to that aspect of the request as well. This leaves solely

the “performance review documents.” Defendant does not state whether it has

such documents nor demonstrate that producing such documents would be

unduly burdensome. Therefore, I grant Plaintiff’s request to the extent

Defendant is directed to certify, if accurate, that it has no documents reflecting

“performance metrics,” and to produce any performance review documents for

the relevant period, or certify that it has none in its possession.

c. Plaintiff’s Request to Compel Production of Personnel Files

(Request 44)

Plaintiff next asks the Court to compel production of certain personnel

files responsive to Request 44. Doc. 31 pp. 13–14. I deny the request.

In its motion, Plaintiff did not explain what in the personnel files was

relevant to the case, but merely asserted the material was relevant, “because

each individual is identified on Defendant’s initial disclosures and were

involved in, or have personal knowledge of, the facts underlying this action.”

Doc. 31 p. 14. But, in any event, Defendant has now “produced all of the

personnel files requested for the relevant witnesses in this matter. Defendant

has only redacted the confidential information contained in each file, such as

social security numbers or addresses.” Doc. 35 p. 14. In light of this

representation, I deny Plaintiff’s request as moot.

d. Plaintiff’s Request to Compel Wage and Benefit Information for

the Ready-Mix Driver Position in Zephyrhills (Request 29)

Plaintiff asks the Court to compel documents responsive to Request 29.

Doc. 31 pp. 15–16. I grant this aspect of the motion.

Request 29 seeks production of “documents sufficient to show”––for

Mixture Truck or Ready-Mix Drivers based in Zephyrhills from 2023 to

present––“total compensation, itemized by hours worked, rate of pay, overtime

hours worked, overtime rate of pay, bonuses awarded, and value of benefits

paid by Defendant, on a per pay-period basis from October 1, 2023 to present.”

Doc. 35-1 pp. 10–11. Plaintiff explains that this information relates to its claim

for backpay, which is based on “what Ms. Textor would have earned had she

remained employed.” Doc. 31 p. 14.

In response to Request 29, Defendant provided only “its Forida Non-

Union wage scale,” which “depicts the hourly wage for all its Florida non-union

positions from the start of employment up to 28 years of employment,” and

Textor’s own pay record. Doc. 35 p. 15. Defendant argues that the other

materials Plaintiff requests are unnecessary to prove Textor’s damages, and

that other workers’ bonuses “are often discretionary, individualized, and

dependent on factors unrelated to [Textor’s] situation.” Doc. 31 p. 15.

However, “[e]vidence of the salaries paid to other individuals may be

relevant to [a backpay] calculation,” if “the plaintiff lays a sufficient foundation

to permit the reasonable inference that his salary would have matched or been

pegged to the salaries of others.” Kirsch v. Fleet St., Ltd., 148 F.3d 149, 166 (2d

Cir. 1998). Thus, the information Plaintiff seeks is relevant to Plaintiff’s claim.

Whether it will ultimately be admissible is another matter and one that does

not require resolution here.

Defendant further argues that the information Plaintiff seeks is

“intrusive of third-party privacy,” but also acknowledges that specific

information may be redacted to protect third parties. Doc. 35 pp. 15–16. And,

to the extent Defendant argues that collection, review, and redaction of pay

documents would impose “significant burden and expense,” Defendant does

nothing to quantify or otherwise specify why this is so. See Middle District

Discovery (2021) at Section III. A. 6. (“OBJECTIONS. . . . Objections to

requests for production should be specific, not generalized”); Milinazzo v. State

Farm Ins. Co., 247 F.R.D. 691, 695 (S.D. Fla. 2007) (“Objections which state

that a discovery request is “vague, overly broad, or unduly burdensome” are,

by themselves, meaningless, and are deemed without merit by this Court. A

party properly objecting on these bases must explain the specific and particular

ways in which a request is vague, overly broad, or unduly burdensome.”); Ortiz

v. Pin UPS of Daytona Beach, LLC, No. 619CV1644ORL37LRH, 2020 WL

10456853, at *3 (M.D. Fla. July 31, 2020) (“boilerplate objections are

meaningless and meritless and are due to be overruled”).

Because Defendant has not sufficiently supported its objection to a

facially relevant request,2 I grant Plaintiff’s request to compel documents

responsive to Request 29.

e. Plaintiff’s Request to Compel Religious Accommodation Processes

and Procedures (Request 34)

Plaintiff next asks the Court to compel production of “[d]ocuments

concerning or reflecting Defendant’s processes or procedures for receiving,

handling, evaluating, and responding to requests for religious

accommodations,” responsive to Request 34. Doc. 35-1 p. 11. I deny the request

as moot.

In response to the motion, Defendant claims that it has produced its “its

Non-Discrimination/Anti-Harassment Policy and Complaint Procedure” and

“its Code of Ethics,” and that it “does not have any additional documents in its

possession, custody, or control in response to this Request.” Doc. 35 p. 16. So

long as Defendant has certified that this is so, the request is moot.

f. Plaintiff’s Request to Compel Religious Discrimination Training

(Request 38)

2 Gober v. City of Leesburg, 197 F.R.D. 519, 521 (M.D. Fla. 2000) (“The

party resisting production of information bears the burden of establishing . . .

undue burden in supplying the requested information.”); Adelman v. Boy

Scouts of Am., 276 F.R.D. 681, 689 (S.D. Fla. 2011) (“As the party resisting

discovery, Schmidt has the burden to demonstrate specifically how the request

is unreasonable or not relevant.”).

Plaintiff also moves to compel Defendant to produce material responsive

to Request 38, which seeks “[d]ocuments sufficient to show training about

religious discrimination provided by Defendant, or a third party on its behalf,

to its personnel from 2021 to present, including, but not limited to, agendas,

training materials, and documents showing the attendees, dates, and locations

of each training session.” Doc. 35-1 p. 11. I grant the request.

Plaintiff claims this material is relevant to its request for punitive

damages, its request for injunctive relief (which would require Defendant to

institute related policies, practices, and programs), and to Defendant’s

affirmative defense that it took the relevant employment actions in good-faith

(see Doc. 24 p. 7). Doc. 31 p. 17.

Defendant objects to Request 38, claiming it is irrelevant, overbroad, and

disproportionate. Doc, 35 p. 16. Defendant elaborates that “training conducted

at plants where [Textor] never worked, where none of Defendant’s witnesses

worked, and during periods of time when [Textor] was not even employed is

wholly irrelevant to this matter.” Doc. 35 pp. 16–17. Defendant adds, “after

conducting a search for relevant documents responsive to this Request,

Defendant further asserts during the relevant period (2023) no training

specific to religious accommodation occurred at the Zephyrhills plant.” Doc. 35

p. 17.

Whether Defendant, broadly, or any actors here, had information about

the law concerning religious accommodation prior to the actions at issue

appears relevant to Plaintiff’s claim for punitive damages. And, any later

training would clearly relate to Plaintiff’s request for injunctive relief.

Given that Defendant, again, does nothing to demonstrate any burden

associated with responding to this request, I grant Plaintiff’s motion as to

Request 38.

g. Plaintiff’s Request to Compel Financial Worth Materials

Finally, Plaintiff seeks to compel Defendant to produce a response to

Request 50. I grant the request.

Request 50 seeks, “[f]or each fiscal year from 2025 through the

present”:

(i) audited financial statements (or unaudited if audited not available);

(ii) documents sufficient to show Defendant’s gross income, net income,

and expenditures; (iii) Defendant’s profit and loss statements; (iv)

Defendant’s complete state and federal corporate tax returns; and (v)

Defendant’s annual reports (that reflect its income) that it caused to be

filed with any government department or agency.

Doc. 35-1 p. 13.

Plaintiff alleges this is relevant to its request for punitive damages. Doc.

31 p. 17. Defendant claims the request is unduly burdensome. Doc. 35 p. 17. It

adds that, because Defendant is a subsidiary: (1) “There are no standalone

financial documents, specific to Defendant, that are in Defendant’s possession,

custody, and control,” and “Plaintiff has access to the public company’s

available filings, which provide the financial information sought without

necessitating intrusive discovery into Defendant's internal corporate records.”

Doc. 35 pp. 17–18.

The request is clearly relevant to Plaintiff’s request for punitive

damages, and Plaintiff appears to have attempted to reduce the burden of the

request by limiting the responsive period from fiscal year 2025 to the present.

While the Court may have been receptive to the claim that requesting each of

these categories of documents was disproportionate or unduly burdensome,

Defendant makes no effort to specify the burden. See Gober, 197 F.R.D. 519 at

521 (“The party resisting production of information bears the burden of

establishing . . . undue burden in supplying the requested information.”).

Defendant has, therefore, failed to support its objection.

The Court grants the motion as to Request 50.

h. Plaintiff’s Request for Fee Shifting

Finally, Plaintiff seeks an award of expenses that it incurred in moving

to compel. Rule 37(a)(5) provides, regarding “Payment of Expenses; Protective

Orders”:

(A) If the Motion Is Granted (or Disclosure or Discovery Is

Provided After Filing). If the motion is granted—or if the

disclosure or requested discovery is provided after the motion

was filed—the court must, after giving an opportunity to be

heard, require the party or deponent whose conduct

necessitated the motion, the party or attorney advising that

conduct, or both to pay the movant’s reasonable expenses

incurred in making the motion, including attorney's fees. But

the court must not order this payment if:

(i) the movant filed the motion before attempting in good

faith to obtain the disclosure or discovery without court

action;

(ii) the opposing party's nondisclosure, response, or

objection was substantially justified; or

(iii) other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.

FED. R. CIV. P. 37(a)(5). Defendant claims an award of fees is inappropriate

here because its objections were substantially justified. Doc. 35 p. 18.

A party’s position in a discovery dispute is “substantially justified” if it

represents a “genuine dispute, or if reasonable people could differ as to the

appropriateness of the contested action.” Pierce v. Underwood, 487 U.S. 552,

565 (1988) (cleaned up).

Here, I ruled in part for each party. And, while it is a close call, I do not

find that any party’s position was so unreasonable as to justify fee shifting.

Accordingly, I deny Plaintiff’s request for expenses.

IV. Conclusion

1. For these reasons, Plaintiff’s motion is GRANTED to the extent that,

on or before April 24, Defendant must:

a. Produce a “hit report” showing the documents returned for each

of Plaintiff's proposed search terms relating to Requests 24 and

25, to facilitate the negotiation of an acceptable production;

b. Produce the Performance Review documents responsive to

Request 6;

c. Produce all outstanding documents responsive to Requests 29,

38, and 50; and

d. Conduct an attorney-directed and supervised review of

custodians’ cellphones for materials responsive to Requests 24

and 25 and produce any outstanding responsive documents.

2. The motion is otherwise denied.

DONE and ORDERED on April 3, 2026.

NATALIE HIRT ADAMS

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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