Hoffman

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

JOEY HOFFMAN, : Civil No. 3:25-CV-02360

:

Plaintiff, :

:

v. :

:

JILLIAN CUFFARO, et al., :

:

Defendants. : Judge Jennifer P. Wilson

MEMORANDUM

Presently before the court is Plaintiff Joey Hoffman’s motion to amend,

proposed amended complaint alleging that the staff at Dauphin County Prison are

denying him supplies necessary to pursue his legal actions, and motion for default

judgment. (Docs. 8, 8-1, 10.) Plaintiff is a pro se litigant and is currently housed

at the Dauphin County Prison as a pretrial detainee for a parole violation. (Id.)

The court will grant Plaintiff’s motion to amend, screen the proposed amended

complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), dismiss the complaint, deem

Plaintiff’s motion for default judgment withdrawn, and grant Plaintiff a final

opportunity to amend his pleading.

BACKGROUND

On December 9, 2025, the court received and docketed Plaintiff’s complaint.

(Doc. 1.) The complaint names the following four defendants: (1) Jillian Cuffaro

(“Cuffaro”), Director at Dauphin County Prison; (2) William Weldon (“Weldon”),

Unit Manager at Dauphin County Prison; (3) Louis Rodriguez (“Rodriguez”),

Grievance Coordinator at Dauphin County Prison; and (4) Gregory Briggs

(“Briggs”), Warden at Dauphin County Prison. (Doc. 1, pp. 2–3.) 1 Plaintiff’s

alleged facts are contained in the following paragraph:

I am indigent 14 months now and trying to get some free paper,

envelopes other than indigent pack. I ask for pro se status because I’m

pro se in 4 civil cases in which I need the supplies for and am refused

all and copies. Director Jill is denying all.

(Id., p. 5.) With respect to his injury, Plaintiff further alleged that he is trading

food off his tray for supplies. (Id.) Plaintiff brings the action under 42 U.S.C. §

1983 and alleges that defendants are violating the First, Fifth, Eighth, and

Fourteenth Amendments. (Id., p. 3.)

On December 9, 2025, the court entered an administrative order instructing

Plaintiff to pay the outstanding filing fee in full or file a motion to proceed in

forma pauperis within thirty days or the case would be dismissed. (Doc. 3.) On

December 29, 2025, the court received and docketed Plaintiff’s motion to proceed

in forma pauperis and a certified prisoner trust account statement. (Docs. 4, 5.)

On January 5, 2026, the court entered a memorandum and order screening

the complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) and dismissed the

complaint for failure to state a claim for which relief may be granted. (Docs. 6, 7.)

1 For ease of reference, the court uses the page numbers from the CM/ECF header.

The court granted Plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint to cure the pleading

defects in the original complaint. (Id.)

On January 12, 2026, the court received and docketed Plaintiff’s motion to

amend the complaint and a proposed amended complaint. (Docs. 8, 8-1.) On

January 27, 2026, the court received and docketed a supplement to the motion to

amend, which reads as a brief in support of the motion. (Doc. 9.)

The amended complaint names the same four defendants and alleges that

Plaintiff wrote multiple request slips for extra paper, envelopes, and copies in

furtherance of multiple civil actions and Defendant Cuffaro denied these requests.

(Doc. 8-1.) Plaintiff then discusses several of these request slips and denials filed

while at Dauphin County Prison. (Id., pp. 7–15.) Based on the brief in support of

the motion to amend, Plaintiff is attempting to raise a First Amendment access to

court claim, a Fifth Amendment due process and equal protection claim, an Eighth

Amendment cruel and unusual punishment claim, and a Fourteenth Amendment

condition of confinement claim resulting in punishment. (Doc. 9.)

On March 5, 2026, the court received and docketed an unsupported motion

for default judgment. (Doc. 10.)

The court had already granted Plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint in

the order dismissing the original complaint. (Doc. 7.) Therefore, the motion to

amend is superfluous. Nonetheless, the court will grant the motion, file the

proposed amended complaint as a separate document, and screen the amended

complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). The court will also deem

Plaintiff’s motion for default judgment withdrawn.

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

The court has jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action pursuant

to 28 U.S.C. § 1331, which allows a district court to exercise subject matter

jurisdiction in civil cases arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the

United States. Venue is proper in this district because the alleged acts and

omissions giving rise to the claims occurred in Dauphin County, which is located

in this district. See 28 U.S.C. § 118(b).

STANDARD

Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), a court “shall dismiss” an in forma

pauperis case “at any time if the court determines that . . . the action . . . fails to

state a claim upon which relief may be granted[.]” The legal standard for

dismissing a complaint for failure to state a claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915 is

identical to the legal standard used when ruling on Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) motions

to dismiss. See Grayson v. Mayview State Hosp., 293 F.3d 103, 109-10 & n.11 (3d

Cir. 2002).

In order “[t]o survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain

sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible

on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp.

v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). A claim is plausible on its face “when the

plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable

inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Id. (quoting

Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556).

Under Rule 12(b)(6), the court must accept all well pleaded allegations as

true and construe all reasonable inferences in favor of the nonmoving party. Doe

v. Univ. of the Scis., 961 F.3d 203, 208 (3d Cir. 2020). The pleadings of self-

represented plaintiffs are held to a less stringent standard than formal pleadings

drafted by attorneys and are to be liberally construed. See Erickson v. Pardus, 551

U.S. 89, 94 (2007); Higgs v. Att’y Gen., 655 F.3d 333, 339 (3d. Cir. 2011). Self-

represented litigants are to be granted leave to file a curative amended complaint

even when a plaintiff does not seek leave to amend, unless such an amendment

would be inequitable or futile. See Phillips v. Cnty. of Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224,

245 (3d Cir. 2008).

DISCUSSION

A. Claims Against Defendants Briggs and Weldon Will Be Dismissed.

Plaintiff bases the alleged liability against Defendants Briggs and Weldon on

their status as supervisors. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Briggs “is in charge of

everyone who commit[t]ed the violations against me.” (Doc. 8-1, p. 2.) He also

alleges that Defendant Weldon “is the one above the Lib[e]rian whom rejected by

pleas.” (Id.)

Supervisory liability under § 1983 utilizes the same standard as municipal

liability. See Carter v. City of Philadelphia,181 F.3d 339, 356 (3d Cir. 1999). A

supervisor will only be liable for the acts of a subordinate if he fosters a policy or

custom that amounts to deliberate indifference towards an individual’s

constitutional rights. See Id. at 357. To establish supervisory liability, a plaintiff

must show that (1) a superior officer failed to employ a specific supervisory

practice; (2) the existing custom created an unreasonable risk of injury in the

absence of the specified supervisory practice; (3) the supervisor was aware that the

risk existed; (4) the supervisor was indifferent to the risk; and (5) the underlying

violation resulted from the failure to employ the supervisory practice. Brown v.

Muhlenberg Twp., 269 F.3d 205, 216 (3d Cir. 2005) (citing Sample v. Diecks, 885

F.2d 1099, 1118 (3d Cir. 1989)).

Platiniff’s amended complaint does not allege the facts necessary to

establish supervisory liability against either Defendant Briggs or Weldon.

Therefore, all claims against Defendants Briggs and Weldon will be dismissed

without prejudice.

B. Claims Against Defendant Rodriguez Will Be Dismissed.

Plaintiff premises the liability against Defendant Rodriguez on his role in

denying Plaintiff’s grievances: “He is the one whom denied All my grievances and

refused to hear my pleas.” (Doc. 8-1, p. 2.)

To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must meet two threshold

requirements. He must allege: 1) that the alleged misconduct was committed by a

person acting under color of state law; and 2) that as a result, he was deprived of

rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution or laws of the United

States. West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). It is also well established that “[a]

defendant in a civil rights action must have personal involvement in the alleged

wrongs to be liable, and cannot be held responsible for a constitutional violation

which he or she neither participated in nor approved.” See Baraka v. McGreevey,

481 F.3d 187, 210 (3d Cir. 2007).

Plaintiff’s complaint is insufficient to support a § 1983 claim. “Participation

in the after-the-fact review of a grievance or appeal is not enough to establish

personal involvement.” Rode v. Dellarciprete,845 F.2d 1195, 1208 (3d Cir. 1988)

(finding the filing of a grievance is not enough to show the actual knowledge

necessary for personal involvement); see also Brooks v. Beard, No. 05-3196, 2006

WL 332547, 167 F. App’x 923, 925 (3d Cir. Feb. 14, 2006) (holding that a state

prisoner’s allegation that prison officials and administrators responded

inappropriately, or failed to respond to a prison grievance, did not establish that the

officials and administrators were involved in the underlying allegedly

unconstitutional conduct).

C. The First Amendment Access to Courts Claim Will Be Dismissed.

The crux of Plaintiff’s amended complaint is that the staff at Dauphin

County Prison violated Plaintiff’s First Amendment right of access to the courts.

(Doc. 8-1.)

Asserting an actionable claim for denial of access to the courts requires a

prisoner to allege that (1) he “lost a chance to pursue a ‘nonfrivolous’ or ‘arguable’

underlying claim” and (2) he has no available remedy for the lost claim other than

the present denial of access action. Rivera v. Monko, 37 F.4th 909, 915 (3rd Cir.

2022) (citing Monroe v. Beard, 536 F.3d 198, 205 (3rd Cir. 2008)). Most

significant is the nonfrivolous nature of the claim allegedly lost. The lost claim

must be “more than hope” in order to be deemed nonfrivolous. Christopher v.

Harbury, 536 U.S. 403, 416 (2002).

At no point in the amended complaint does Plaintiff allege that he lost the

chance to pursue any of his civil cases or that his civil cases have any merit. (Doc.

8-1, pp. 3–4.) Therefore, Plaintiff’s First Amendment access to courts claim will

be dismissed without prejudice.

D. The Fifth Amendment Claim Will Be Dismissed With Prejudice.

As it had done in the previous screening order, the court finds that Plaintiff’s

Fifth Amendment claim fails as matter of law because the Due Process Clause of

the Fifth Amendment is inapplicable to state or county officials such as

Defendants. The Fifth Amendment provides, in pertinent part, that “[n]o person

shall be . . . deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law[.]”

See U.S. Const. amend. V. The provisions of the Fifth Amendment only concern,

however, federal action, not state or private action. See, e.g., Dusenbery v. United

States, 534 U.S. 161, 167 (2002) (stating that “[t]he Due Process Clause of the

Fifth Amendment prohibits the United States, as the Due Process Clause of the

Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the States, from depriving any person of property

without ‘due process of law’ ”); Nguyen v. U.S. Cath. Conf., 719 F.2d 52, 54 (3d

Cir. 1983) (stating that “[t]he limitations of the [F]ifth [A]mendment restrict only

federal governmental action and not the actions of private entities” (citing Public

Utilities Commission v. Pollak, 343 U.S. 451, 461 (1952)); Nemeth v. Off. of Clerk

of Superior Ct. of New Jersey, 837 F. App'x 924, 929 n.5 (3d Cir. 2020)

(unpublished) (noting that the district court had properly concluded that, because

all of the named defendants were state and private officials and entities, the

plaintiff could not pursue a Fifth Amendment claim against any of them because

the Fifth Amendment’s due process clause only “protects against federal

governmental actions, not state actions”).

Here, Defendants are employees of the Dauphin County Prison and are not

federal employees. Thus, the court finds that this Fifth Amendment claim fails as a

matter of law pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). As such, the court will dismiss

the Fifth Amendment claim with prejudice.

E. The Eighth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment Claims Will Be

Dismissed With Prejudice.

Plaintiff has also raised an Eighth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment

claim. (Docs. 8-1, 9.) The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual

punishment. U.S. Const. Amend. VIII. The Eighth Amendment does not apply

until an inmate has been both convicted of and sentenced for his crimes. See

Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 392 n. 6 (1989); Hubbard v. Taylor,399 F.3d

150, 164 (3d Cir. 2005). Thus, an inmate awaiting sentencing must look to either

the Fifth Amendment’s or the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause for

protection. See Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535 n. 16 (1979). Therefore, the

Eighth Amendment claim will be dismissed with prejudice.

Instead, the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment governs

claims brought by pretrial detainees challenging their conditions of confinement.

See Hubbard, 399 F.3d at 166. To establish a constitutional violation under the

Fourteenth Amendment, a pretrial detainee plaintiff would have to plausibly allege

that the challenged conditions of confinement amount to punishment. See Bell,

441 U.S. at 538 (“In evaluating the constitutionality of conditions or restrictions of

pretrial detention that implicate only the protection against deprivation of liberty

without due process of law, we think that the proper inquiry is whether those

conditions amount to punishment of the detainee.”). Here, Plaintiff has made no

such allegations concerning punishment. Therefore, all Fourteenth Amendment

claims will be dismissed.

Plaintiff’s Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment claims in the original

complaint were dismissed for the exact same reasons. (Doc. 6.) Plaintiff did not

cure the pleading defect in his amended complaint. Therefore, the Eighth and

Fourteenth Amendment claims will be dismissed with prejudice.

F. Plaintiff’s Motion for Default Will Be Deemed Withdrawn.

Also currently pending is Plaintiff’s motion for default. (Doc. 10.) Plaintiff

has not filed a brief in support of his motion. Local Rule 7.5 states, in pertinent

part, that “[w]ithin fourteen (14) days after the filing of any motion, the party filing

the motion shall file a brief in support of the motion. . . If a supporting brief is not

filed within the time provided in this rule the motion shall be deemed to be

withdrawn.”

Plaintiff’s motion was filed on March 5, 2026. (Doc. 10.) No supporting

brief has been received. Therefore, the court will deem the motion withdrawn.

CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth above, the court will grant Plaintiff’s motion to file

an amended complaint and file the proposed amended complaint as a separate

document on the docket. The court will dismiss the amended complaint pursuant

to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). The court will grant Plaintiff a final opportunity

to amend his pleading to cure the defects of the claims that have been dismissed

without prejudice. Any amended pleading will be titled “Second Amended

Complaint” and will be filed under the above-captioned case number. Failure to

timely file an amended pleading will result in the complaint being dismissed with

prejudice and the case being closed. Additionally, the court will deem Plaintiff’s

motion for default withdrawn.

An appropriate order follows.

s/Jennifer P. Wilson

JENNIFER P. WILSON

United States District Judge

Middle District of Pennsylvania

Dated: March 20, 2026