Lewis

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO

EASTERN DIVISION

KENNETH O. LEWIS,

Civil Action No. 2:26-cv-0136

Plaintiff, Judge Edmund A. Sargus, Jr.

Magistrate Judge Elizabeth P. Deavers

v.

APRIL F. CAMPBELL,

Defendant.

ORDER AND REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION

This matter is before Plaintiff’s Motion for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis. (ECF

No. 1.) In accordance with section 804(a)(3) of the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, 28

U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1), a plaintiff must pay an initial partial filing fee of 20 percent of the greater of

the average monthly deposits to his prison account or the average monthly balance in his account

for the six-month period immediately preceding the filing of the complaint. After payment of the

initial partial filing fee, a plaintiff is further required to make monthly payments of 20 percent of

the preceding month’s income credited to his prison account until he pays the full amount of the

filing fee. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2).

Plaintiff’s application and trust fund account statement reveal that he has insufficient

funds in his prison account to pay the full filing fee. After consideration by this Court of

Plaintiff’s affidavit of indigence only, without regard to the merits of this case, Plaintiff’s Motion

(ECF No. 1) is hereby GRANTED pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a).

Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1), the custodian of Plaintiff’s inmate trust fund account

at the institution where he now resides is directed to calculate, as an initial partial payment,

twenty percent (20%) of the greater of:

(a) the average monthly deposits to the inmate trust account; or

(b) the average monthly balance in the inmate trust account, for the six (6) months

immediately preceding November 30, 2023.

The custodian is ORDERED to complete and to submit to the Clerk of Court in Columbus, Ohio

the attached form showing the calculation of the initial partial filing fee. The custodian is further

ORDERED to forward from Plaintiff’s prison account to the Clerk of Court located in

Columbus, Ohio the initial partial filing fee, as funds become available in Plaintiff’s account

until the initial filing fee is paid. Even if the account is under ten dollars ($10.00), the custodian

must still forward payments to the Clerk of Court to pay the initial filing fee.

After full payment of the initial partial filing fee, the custodian shall forward to the Clerk

of Court located in Columbus, Ohio monthly payments of twenty percent (20%) of Plaintiff’s

preceding monthly income credited to his prison account, but only when the amount in the

account exceeds ten dollars ($10.00), until the full fee of three hundred and fifty dollars

($350.00) has been paid to the Clerk of the Court. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2).

The Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to send a copy of this Order to the institutional

cashier.

The prisoner’s name and case number must be noted on each remittance.

Checks are to be made payable to: Clerk, U.S. District Court.

Checks are to be sent to:

Prisoner Accounts Receivable

121 U.S. Courthouse

85 Marconi Boulevard

Columbus, Ohio 43215

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION

This matter is also before the Court for an initial screen of Plaintiff’s Complaint (Compl.,

ECF No. 1-1) under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) and 1915A to identify cognizable claims and to

recommend dismissal of Plaintiff’s Complaint, or any portion of it, which is frivolous, malicious,

fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief from a defendant

who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2), 1915A. For the reasons below, the

Undersigned RECOMMENDS that the Court DISMISS Plaintiff’s Complaint.

I. STANDARD OF REVIEW

Congress enacted 28 U.S.C. § 1915, the federal in forma pauperis statute, seeking to

“lower judicial access barriers to the indigent.” Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 31 (1992).

In doing so, however, “Congress recognized that ‘a litigant whose filing fees and court costs are

assumed by the public, unlike a paying litigant, lacks an economic incentive to refrain from

filing frivolous, malicious, or repetitive lawsuits.’” Id. at 31 (quoting Neitzke v. Williams, 490

U.S. 319, 324 (1989)). To address this concern, Congress included subsection (e)1 as part of the

statute, which provides in pertinent part:

(2) Notwithstanding any filing fee, or any portion thereof, that may have been

paid, the court shall dismiss the case at any time if the court determines that--

* * *

(B) the action or appeal--

(i) is frivolous or malicious;

(ii) fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted; or

(iii) seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from

such relief.

28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) & (ii); Denton, 504 U.S. at 31. Thus, Section 1915(e) requires sua

sponte dismissal of an action upon the Court’s determination that the action is frivolous or

1 Formerly 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d).

malicious, or upon determination that the action fails to state a claim upon which relief may be

granted.

“A complaint may be dismissed as frivolous when the plaintiff cannot make any claim

with a rational or arguable basis in fact or law.” Brown v. Kruse, No. 1:15-CV-526, 2015 WL

5907557, at *1 (S.D. Ohio Aug. 24, 2015) (citing Neitzke, 490 U.S. at 328–29), report and

recommendation adopted, No. 1:15-CV-526, 2015 WL 5836009 (S.D. Ohio Oct. 7, 2015). “An

action has no arguable legal basis when the . . . plaintiff claims a violation of a legal interest

which clearly does not exist. An action has no arguable factual basis when the allegations are

delusional or rise to the level of the irrational or wholly incredible.” Id. (citations and quotations

omitted). The Court does not need to accept as true factual allegations that are fantastical or

delusional. Id. (citations and quotations omitted).

To properly state a claim upon which relief may be granted, a plaintiff must satisfy the

basic federal pleading requirements set forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a). See also

Hill v. Lappin, 630 F.3d 468, 470–71 (6th Cir. 2010) (applying Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) standards

to review under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915A and 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii)). Under Rule 8(a)(2), a complaint

must contain a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to

relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Thus, Rule 8(a) “imposes legal and factual demands on the

authors of complaints.” 16630 Southfield Ltd., P’Ship v. Flagstar Bank, F.S.B., 727 F.3d 502,

503 (6th Cir. 2013) (emphasis in original).

Although this pleading standard does not require “‘detailed factual allegations,’ . . . [a]

pleading that offers ‘labels and conclusions’ or ‘a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause

of action,’” is insufficient. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atlantic

Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). A complaint will not “suffice if it tenders ‘naked

assertion[s]’ devoid of ‘further factual enhancement.’” Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557).

The Court holds pro se complaints “‘to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by

lawyers.’” Garrett v. Belmont Cnty. Sheriff’s Dep’t., No. 08-3978, 2010 WL 1252923, at *2 (6th

Cir. April 1, 2010) (quoting Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972)). This lenient

treatment, however, has limits: “‘courts should not have to guess at the nature of the claim

asserted.’” Frengler v. Gen. Motors, 482 F. App’x 975, 976–77 (6th Cir. 2012) (quoting Wells v.

Brown, 891 F.2d 591, 594 (6th Cir. 1989)).

In addition, when it is evident from the face of the complaint that a court lacks federal

jurisdiction, the court may dismiss an action for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction under both 28

U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(h)(3). Williams v. Cincy Urban

Apts., No. 1:10-cv-153, 2010 WL 883846, at *2 n.1 (S.D. Ohio Mar. 9, 2010) (citing Carlock v.

Williams, 182 F.3d 916, 1999 WL 454880, at *2 (6th Cir. June 22, 1999) (table)).

II. ANALYSIS

The Undersigned concludes that the Court must dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint for failure

to assert any claim over which this Court has subject-matter jurisdiction. Plaintiff sues April F.

Campbell for malpractice, alleging that Defendant Campbell failed to communicate with him and

send him transcripts. (Compl. at PageID 12.) Federal courts have limited jurisdiction. “The

basic statutory grants of federal-court subject-matter jurisdiction are contained in 28 U.S.C. §

1331, which provides for ‘[f]ederal-question’ jurisdiction, and § 1332, which provides for

‘[d]iversity of citizenship’ jurisdiction.” Arbaugh v. Y&H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 501 (2006).

Federal-question jurisdiction is invoked when a plaintiff pleads a claim “arising under” the

federal laws, the Constitution, or treaties of the United States. Id. (citation omitted); 28 U.S.C §

1331. For a federal court to have diversity jurisdiction pursuant to Section 1332(a), there must

be complete diversity, which means that each plaintiff must be a citizen of a different state than

each defendant, and the amount in controversy must exceed $75,000. Caterpillar, Inc. v. Lewis,

519 U.S. 61, 68 (1996); 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a).

Malpractice claims arise under state law. Plaintiff cites no federal laws or constitutional

principles in his Complaint. In addition, Plaintiff fails to provide any allegations supporting the

Court’s exercise of diversity jurisdiction over these claims. The Undersigned, therefore,

RECOMMENDS that the Court DISMISS Plaintiff’s Complaint for lack of subject-matter

jurisdiction.

III. CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the Undersigned RECOMMENDS that the Court DISMISS

this action for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.

PROCEDURE ON OBJECTIONS

If any party seeks review by the District Judge of this Report and Recommendation, that

party may, within 14 DAYS, file and serve on all parties any objections to the Report and

Recommendation, specifically designating this Report and Recommendation, and the part in

question, as well as the basis for objection. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b).

Responses to objections must be filed within 14 DAYS after being served with a copy. Fed. R.

Civ. P. 72(b).

The parties are specifically advised that the failure to object to the Report and

Recommendation will result in a waiver of the right to de novo review of by the District Judge

and waiver of the right to appeal the judgment of the District Court. Even when timely

objections are filed, appellate review of issues not raised in those objections is waived. Robert v.

Tesson, 507 F.3d 981, 994 (6th Cir. 2007) (“[A] general objection to a magistrate judge’s report,

which fails to specify the issues of contention, does not suffice to preserve an issue for appeal . .

. .” (citation omitted)).

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Date: February 6, 2026 /s/ Elizabeth A. Preston Deavers ____.

ELIZABETH A. PRESTON DEAVERS

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE