Constanza

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA

ERICA DANDRY CONSTANZA, ET AL. CIVIL ACTION

VERSUS CASE NO. 24-871

SPARTA INSURANCE COMPANY, ET AL. SECTION: “G”(5)

ORDER AND REASONS

Before the Court is Plaintiffs Erica Dandry Constanza and Monica Dandry Hallner’s

(collectively, “Plaintiffs”) Motion in Limine to Exclude Evidence Before the Jury Regarding

Settlements.1 In this litigation, Plaintiffs allege Decedent Michael P. Dandry, Jr. (“Decedent”),

while an employee for Huntington Ingalls Incorporated’s (“Avondale”),2 was exposed to asbestos

and asbestos-containing products manufactured, distributed, sold, and/or handled by Avondale and

other parties.3 Plaintiffs allege this exposure caused and/or contributed to Decedent’s development

of mesothelioma and, ultimately, his death.4 Plaintiffs move the Court to issue an Order precluding

any questions or comments before the jury regarding settlements.5 Defendants Paramount Global

1 Rec. Doc. 356.

2 Huntington Ingalls, Inc. was formerly known as: Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding, Inc., Northrop

Grumman Ship Systems, Inc., Avondale Industries, Inc., Avondale Shipyard Inc., and Avondale Marine Ways, Inc.

3 Rec. Doc. 1-3 at 2. In addition to Avondale, Plaintiffs also named SPARTA Insurance Company, Bayer

CropScience, Inc., Foster-Wheeler, LLC, General Electric Company, Hopeman Brothers, Inc., Taylor-Seidenbach,

Inc., Paramount Global, Uniroyal, Inc., International Paper Company, Eagle, Inc., Uniroyal Holding, Inc., and Liberty

Mutual Insurance Company as defendants.

4 Id.

5 Rec. Doc. 356.

(“Westinghouse”)6 and Avondale oppose the motion.7 Considering the motion, the memoranda in

support and in opposition, the record, and the applicable law, the Court grants the motion in part

and defers it until trial in part. Evidence regarding any settlement may not be admitted either to

prove or disprove the validity or amount of a disputed claim or to impeach by a prior inconsistent

statement or contradiction. Evidence regarding the amount of any settlement agreement is also

excluded. If any party seeks to introduce evidence of a settlement under an exception to Rule 408,

the party should advise the Court in advance outside of the presence of the jury so that the Court

can rule on the issue in the context of trial.

I. Background

Plaintiffs allege Decedent was employed in various positions by Avondale between June 1,

1971, and August 16, 1971.8 During that time, Plaintiffs claim Decedent was exposed to asbestos

and asbestos-containing products on Avondale’s premises.9 Plaintiffs further assert Decedent was

exposed to asbestos carried home from his work at Avondale on his person, clothing, and other

items.10 Plaintiffs argue, as a result of breathing in these asbestos fibers, Decedent later developed

mesothelioma and other ill health effects, ultimately resulting in Decedent’s death.11 Plaintiffs

contend Defendants had “care, custody, and control of the asbestos, which asbestos was defective

and which presented an unreasonable risk of harm, which asbestos resulted in the injury of

6 Paramount Global was formerly known as: ViacomCBS Inc., CBS Corporation, a Delaware corporation,

Viacom Inc., successor by merger to CBS Corporation, a Pennsylvania corporation, and Westinghouse Electric

Corporation.

7 Rec. Docs. 409, 438.

8 Rec. Doc. 1-3 at 2.

9 Id.

10 Id.

11 Id. at 4.

[Decedent] and for which these defendants are strictly liable under Louisiana law.”12 Plaintiffs

claim “Avondale and its executive officers [ ] are answerable for the conduct of those handling

asbestos products on their premises” and that “Avondale failed to exercise reasonable care for the

safety of persons on or around their property” for which there were clear “standards” requiring

protection for workers.13

Plaintiffs also name numerous additional defendants who were in the business of

“manufacturing, fabricating, selling and/or distributing asbestos containing products.”14 Plaintiffs

allege that these defendants “sold, installed, removed and/or abated these products to and/or at

Avondale,” and Decedent was exposed to asbestos containing products as a result.15 Further,

Plaintiffs allege that these asbestos containing products were “unreasonably dangerous per se, were

defective in design, and constituted a breach of warranty from said manufacturers.”16

Trial in this matter is set to begin on March 9, 2026. On November 19, 2025, Plaintiffs

filed the instant motion.17 On November 24, 2025, Avondale and Westinghouse both opposed the

motion.18 On December 3, 2025, Plaintiffs filed a reply brief in further support of the motion.19

12 Id. at 5.

13 Id.

14 Id. at 18.

15 Id. at 19.

16 Id.

17 Rec. Doc. 356.

18 Rec. Docs. 409, 438.

19 Rec. Doc. 455.

II. Parties’ Arguments

A. Plaintiffs’ Arguments in Support of the Motion

Plaintiffs move the Court to issue an Order precluding any questions or comments before

the jury regarding settlements.20 Plaintiffs assert that such evidence is clearly inadmissible under

Federal Rule of Evidence 408.21 Plaintiffs contend that evidence of a compromise of a claim is not

admissible to prove liability or to show the invalidity of a claim.22 Plaintiffs contend that allowing

evidence regarding settlements to go before the jury would deter settlements, which is directly

contrary to Louisiana law.23 Accordingly, Plaintiffs assert that any evidence regarding settlements

should not be presented to the jury.24

B. Avondale and Westinghouse’s Arguments in Opposition of the Motion

In opposition, Avondale and Westinghouse both represent that they do not intend to present

evidence that would violate Rule 408.25 However, they assert that Plaintiffs’ motion is overly

broad.26 Avondale and Westinghouse contend that evidence of a settlement may be admissible to

show bias or prejudice or for the purpose of establishing virile share credits to any settled entity.27

C. Plaintiffs’ Arguments in Further Support of the Motion

In reply, Plaintiffs concede that Rule 408 does allow the admission of evidence regarding

20 Rec. Doc. 356-1.

21 Id. at 3.

22 Id. at 5.

23 Id.

24 Id. at 6.

25 Rec. Doc. 409; Rec. Doc. 438.

26 Id.

27 Id.

settlements in order to prove bias or prejudice of a witness.28 Nevertheless, Plaintiffs assert that

this evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of

unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury.29 While the defendants argue that

they could potentially offer such evidence to prove bias or prejudice, Plaintiffs assert that the

defendants have failed to show that evidence regarding the settlements in this case would in fact

prove bias or prejudice.30 Moreover, Plaintiffs contend the proper way to impeach a witness is with

the use of his or her prior inconsistent statement, not a settlement document.31 According to

Plaintiffs, offering evidence of settlements would unfairly prejudice Plaintiffs’ case, confuse the

issues, and mislead the jury.32

III. Legal Standard

Federal Rule of Evidence 408 governs the admissibility of settlement agreements.33 Rule

408 prohibits evidence of compromise negotiations, as well as conduct or statements made during

compromise negotiations, from being admitted “either to prove or disprove the validity or amount

of a disputed claim or to impeach by a prior inconsistent statement or contradiction.”34 However,

such evidence is admissible to show the bias or prejudice of a witness.35 Although the contents or

amount of a settlement is typically inadmissible, the existence of a settlement may be admissible

28 Rec. Doc. 455 at 2.

29 Id.

30 Id.

31 Id.

32 Id.

33 Fed. R. Evid. 408.

34 Fed. R. Evid. 408(a)(1).

35 Fed. R. Evid. 408(b).

to reduce a jury’s confusion about absent defendants.36 “Whether to permit the evidence for another

purpose is within the discretion of the trial court.”37

IV. Analysis

Plaintiffs seek an order precluding any questions or comments before the jury regarding

settlements. Settlement information will not be admitted to prove or disprove the validity or

amount of a disputed claim or to impeach by prior inconsistent statement or contradiction. The

Court also excludes any evidence regarding the amount of any settlement agreement. In limited

instances, evidence of a settlement may be admissible for other purposes such as to show a

witness’s bias or prejudice. This issue must be decided in the context of trial, and it would be

inappropriate to issue a blanket order excluding all evidence regarding settlements in advance of

trial. If any party seeks to introduce evidence of a settlement under an exception to Rule 408, the

party should advise the Court in advance outside of the presence of the jury.

All parties agree that the fact of settlement of a joint tortfeasor is admissible to show that

the damages owed by the non-settling defendants should be reduced by the virile share of the

settling joint tortfeasors. Additionally, all parties agree that this is an issue that will be decided by

the Court, not the jury. Settlement documents will not be submitted to the jury for that purpose.

The Court will review the settlement documents in camera to determine whether any entities with

whom Plaintiffs settled should receive a virile share credit.

Accordingly,

36 Latiolais v. Cravins, 574 F. App’x 429, 435 (5th Cir. 2014).

37 Branch v. Fid. & Cas. Co. of New York, 783 F.2d 1289, 1294 (5th Cir. 1986).

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ Motion in Limine to Exclude Evidence

Before the Jury Regarding Settlements** is GRANTED IN PART and DEFERRED IN PART.

The motion is GRANTED to the extent that evidence regarding any settlement may not be

admitted either to prove or disprove the validity or amount of a disputed claim or to impeach by a

prior inconsistent statement or contradiction. Evidence regarding the amount of any settlement

agreement is also excluded. The motion is DEFERRED UNTIL TRIAL to the extent that it

requests exclusion of settlement agreements for another purpose as permitted by Rule 408. If any

party seeks to introduce evidence of a settlement under an exception to Rule 408, the party should

advise the Court in advance outside of the presence of the jury so that the Court can rule on the

issue in the context of trial.

NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, this 13th day of February, 2026.

NANNETTE JOZWETTE BROWN

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

38 Rec. Doc. 356.