Opinion

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

WBL SPO I, LLC )

)

Plaintiff, )

)

v. ) Civil Action No. 25-1642

)

REVIVE PITTSBURGH REAL )

ESTATE, LLC )

)

Defendant. )

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Presently before the Court is Plaintiff’s Motion for Remand and Request for Award of

Attorney’s Fees Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1447. (Docket No. 15). The motion has been fully briefed

and is ready for disposition. For the reasons set forth herein, Plaintiff’s Motion shall be

GRANTED.

I. Procedural Background

Defendant initially lodged with this Court its Notice of Removal along with its Motion to

Proceed in Forma Pauperis (“Motion for IFP”) on October 21, 2025. (Docket Nos. 1, 4). That filing

also contained the underlying Complaint in Mortgage Foreclosure that had been filed nearly three

years earlier on or about August 10, 2022 in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County,

Pennsylvania. (Docket No. 4-2). This Court granted the Motion for IFP on October 24, 2025, and

Defendant’s Notice of Removal was docketed that same day. (Docket Nos. 10, 13). Also on

October 24, 2025, this Court issued an Order pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1447(b) directing Defendant

to file on the docket all documents previously filed in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny

County, Pennsylvania, and to Show Cause why this action should not be remanded to the Court of

Common Pleas for failure to remove it within 30 days pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b). (Docket

No. 11). The Court separately ordered that Plaintiff file any motion to remand by November 18,

2025 (Docket No. 12), which comports with the 30-day deadline provided by 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c).

Plaintiff timely filed its Motion to Remand on November 6, 2025. (Docket No. 15). The next day,

November 7, 2025, Defendant filed its “Rationale for Federal Court Jurisdiction to Continue” in

response to the Court’s Show Cause Order. (Docket No. 17). Defendant also filed certain

documents from the Common Pleas Court’s docket. (Docket Nos. 18, 19, 20, 21). Then, on

November 20, 2025, Defendant filed its Response in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for

Remand.1 (Docket No. 22).

II. Plaintiff’s Complaint and Proceedings in the Court of Common Pleas

Plaintiff’s single-count Complaint in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny at Case No.

GD-22-009987 seeks a judgment in mortgage foreclosure on Defendant’s property located at 134

Ange Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the amount of $101,043.11 as of August 10, 2022,

together with all costs, including attorney’s fees, and interest. (Docket No. 4-2 at 7). The sole

basis of this contractual cause of action is a $90,000 loan made to Defendant and the associated

Mortgage, Assignment of Leases and Rents and Security Agreement, Amendment of Business

1 In accord with this Court’s Order dated January 23, 2026 (Docket No. 29), Plaintiff filed a Supplement to its

Moton to Remand to Substantiate Plaintiff’s Attorneys’ Fees and Costs (Docket No. 30).

Separately, on January 5, 2026, Defendant’s counsel filed a Suggestion of Death representing that her client’s

sole member and CEO, Lynne Lamar Thompson, had died on December 31, 2025. (Docket No. 23). That same day,

Defendant’s counsel also filed a Motion to Stay (Docket No. 24) to which Plaintiff filed a Response in Opposition.

(Docket No. 27). Defendant filed an untimely Reply on January 23, 2026. (Docket No. 28). The basis of Defendant’s

Motion for Stay is that counsel purports she no longer has a client representative to direct litigation strategy and

authorize filings, among other duties, until a lawful representative is appointed through estate administration. (Docket

No. 24, ¶¶ 2-3). As an aside, the Court is sympathetic to Attorney Spragin who has kept the Court abreast of

developments involving Ms. Lamar Thompson’s funeral and her efforts towards facilitating estate administration.

However, and as set forth above, this Court does not need anything further from Defendant or Defendant’s counsel to

adjudicate the Motion for Remand. No prejudice will befall upon any party by proceeding to disposition of that motion,

particularly where this Court’s jurisdiction vel non is at issue, whereas Plaintiff could be prejudiced by the requested

stay, particularly one of an indeterminable length. Accordingly, Defendant’s Motion for Stay will be denied.

Promissory Note and Security Agreement, and subsequent Assignment of Mortgage (collectively,

the “Mortgage”) pertaining to the property at 134 Ange Drive. (Id. at 4-7).

Upon review of the docket and filings from the Court of Common Pleas2, it is readily

apparent that the Complaint was originally filed on August 11, 2022, that Defendant’s counsel

entered an appearance and filed an Answer and New Matter on December 2, 2022, that Plaintiff

filed a Motion for Summary Judgment on May 13, 2024 with an hearing date scheduled for August

26, 2024 before Common Pleas Judge Mary McGinley, and that such motion was granted and

judgment entered in favor of Plaintiff in the amount of $202,216.33 on August 27, 2024. Then, on

August 30, 2024, Defendant filed an Emergency Motion for Reconsideration and Judge McGinley

scheduled a hearing for that motion on September 9, 2024. Judge McGinley denied that motion

and Defendant subsequently filed a Motion to Stay Execution of Judgment and Sherriff’s Sale of

Property on October 4, 2024, followed by an Ex Parte Motion for Stay of Sherriff Sale and to

Strike the Judgment on November 27, 2024. Thereafter, Common Pleas Judge Alan Hertzberg

ordered postponement of the sheriff’s sale.

On December 17, 2024, Defendant once again filed a Motion for Reconsideration of

Summary Judgment and Judge McGinley scheduled argument for January 29, 2025. Shortly

before that scheduled argument, Defendant filed a Motion for Continuance and Judge McGinley

denied that motion. Despite doing so, Judge McGinley subsequently continued the hearing date

2 Notably, Defendant did not supply the entirely of documents from the Common Pleas Court as directed by

this Court’s Order dated October 24, 2025, though Defendant did file something entitled “Notice of Defendant’s Filing

of the Motion to State Court to File the Record send to Fed Court”, (Docket No. 14), which seemingly requested the

Common Pleas Court to transfer “all documents, filings, and records associated with this case” to this Court’s docket.

This Court knows of no legal obligation of the Prothonotary (or others) of the Allegheny County Court of Common

Pleas to abide by such request, and further notes that Defendant never complied with this Court’s Order to file such

documents itself. Nonetheless, Plaintiff helpfully supplied what appears to be the docket and certain filings, along

with several other criminal and civil dockets and news articles related to Ms. Lamar Thompson in its attached 205-

page Exhibit to its Motion. (Docket No. 15-3).

for argument until February 14, 2025 due to illness of Defendant’s counsel. Then, by Opinion and

Order of Court dated February 25, 2025, Judge McGinley vacated the prior grant of summary

judgment and entry of judgment and cancelled the sheriff’s sale. On March 17, 2025, Defendant

filed an “Amended Answer with Counter-claim.” In addition to the parties’ pleadings, discovery

ensued and certain discovery-related motions were also filed.

On September 15, 2025, Plaintiff once again filed a Motion for Summary Judgment. Judge

McGinley attempted to schedule argument for this motion and rescheduled. Judge McGinley

ultimately reschedule argument for October 21, 2025 and granted Defendant’s counsel permission

to participate remotely. However, Defendant filed its Notice of Removal on the day of the

scheduled argument, so Judge McGinley cancelled the argument.

As noted above, presently pending before this Court is Plaintiff’s Moton to Remand

(Docket No. 15), along with Defendant’s Motion to Stay Proceedings Due to the Death of its Sole

Member (Docket No. 24), which it filed in conjunction with its Suggestion of Death (Docket No.

23).

III. Discussion

Federal district courts have original jurisdiction over civil actions between citizens of

different states where the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000. 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). Federal

district courts also have original jurisdiction over civil actions that arise under the United States

Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States. 28 U.S.C. § 1331. A civil action initially filed

in state court that meets either of these criteria may be removed to federal court pursuant to 28

U.S.C. § 1441.

The removal procedures are found in 28 U.S.C. § 1446. A defendant desiring to remove a

civil action from state court to federal court shall file a notice of removal in the appropriate federal

district court within 30 days of receipt of the initial pleading or within 30 days after receipt of “an

amended pleading, motion, order or other paper from which it may first be ascertained that the

case is one which is or has become removable.” 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b). The notice of removal must

contain “a short and plain statement of the grounds for removal.” 28 U.S.C. § 1446(a). “By design,

§ 1446(a) tracks the general pleading requirement stated in Rule 8(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure.” Dart Cherokee Basin Operating Co., LLC v. Owens, 574 U.S. 81, 87 (2014).

“Congress, by borrowing the familiar ‘short and plain statement’ standard from Rule 8(a), intended

to ‘simplify the pleading requirements for removal’ and to clarify that courts should ‘apply the

same liberal rules [to removal allegations] that are applied to other matters of pleading.’” Id.

(quoting H.R. Rep. No. 100-889, at 71 (1988) (additional quotation marks omitted)) (alterations

in original).

A party may file a motion to remand the case following the filing of a notice of removal.

28 U.S.C. §1447. Such a motion filed “on the basis of any defect other than lack of subject matter

jurisdiction must be made within 30 days after the filing of the notice of removal under section

1446(a). If at any time before final judgment it appears that the district court lacks subject matter

jurisdiction, the case shall be remanded. An order remanding the case may require payment of just

costs and any actual expenses, including attorney fees, incurred as a result of the removal.” 28

U.S.C. § 1447(c). “Because lack of jurisdiction would make any decree in the case void and the

continuation of the litigation in federal court futile, the removal statute should be strictly construed

and all doubts resolved in favor of remand.” Brown v. Francis, 75 F.3d 860, 864-65 (3d Cir.1996),

quoting Abels v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 770 F.2d 26, 29 (3d Cir.1985). See also Batoff v.

State Farm Ins. Co., 977 F.2d 848, 851 (3d Cir. 1992). Thus, a removing defendant bears a heavy

burden to persuade the court to which the state action was removed that it has jurisdiction under

the removal statutes. Wilson v. Republic Iron & Steel Co., 257 U.S. 92, 97-98 (1921); See also

Boyer v. Snap-On Tools Corp., 913 F.2d 108, 111 (3d Cir. 1990), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 1085

(1991); UPMC Presby Shadyside v. Motel Hotel Assocs., Inc., No. 06-CV-1323, 2006 WL

3484316, at *1 (W.D. Pa. Nov. 30, 2006). “[A]ll doubts should be resolved in favor of remand.”

Steel Valley Auth. v. Union Switch & Signal Div., 809 F.2d 1006, 1010 (3d Cir. 1987) (internal

citation omitted), cert. dismissed sub nom. American Standard, Inc. v. Steel Valley Auth., 484 U.S.

1021 (1988).

Plaintiff timely filed its Motion for Remand on November 6, 2025, contending that

Defendant’s Notice of Removal was untimely, and that removal is barred by both the Forum-

Defendant Rule and the Well-Plead Complaint Rule. (Docket No. 15). This Court agrees.

A. Defendant’s Notice of Removal is Untimely

As set forth above, Defendant was required to file its Notice of Removal within 30 days of

receipt of the initial pleading or within 30 days after receipt of “an amended pleading, motion,

order or other paper from which it may first be ascertained that the case is one which is or has

become removable.” 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b). Here, Defendant proceeded to litigate the matter in the

Court of Common Pleas for nearly three years before filing its Notice of Removal on the morning

of October 21, 2025, the very day on which Judge McGinley had reschedule argument for

Plaintiff’s then-pending Motion for Summary Judgment. Defendant long beforehand had filed an

Answer and New Matter to Plaintiff’s Complaint on December 2, 2022, and then filed an Amended

Answer to Plaintiff’s Complaint with Counter-claim on March 17, 2025. There is no dispute that

Defendant filed its Notice of Removal more than 30 days after it received Plaintiff’s Complaint as

is required by 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b). Defendant’s attempt to remove this action to this Court is

untimely.

To overcome its untimeliness, Defendant contends that the summary judgment motion filed

by Plaintiff “revealed for the first time that the claims and defenses implicate federal statutes and

regulations,” including the Federal Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq., and

the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (“RESPA”), 12 U.S.C. § 2601 et seq. (Docket No. 17,

p. 4). To the contrary, however, Plaintiff’s Summary Judgment Motion primarily focused on

establishing that there are no material facts in dispute and that it is entitled to judgment on its

mortgage foreclosure claim as a matter of law. (Docket No. 18, ¶¶ 1-9). The motion additionally

contends that Defendant’s “alleged affirmative defenses and counterclaims are unfounded because

they are not supported by any facts whatsoever.” (Id., ¶ 10). Nothing in Plaintiff’s motion

identifies or addresses any federal claim. (Id.). The only express references to federal statutes

are found in Defendant’s Amended Answer and Counterclaim (Docket No. 21) and in its briefing

submitted to this Court pertaining to Plaintiff’s pending Motion to Remand. There is nothing in

Plaintiff’s Summary Judgment Motion from which Defendant may have ascertained that there is a

federal question that would permit removal. Even so, Plaintiff’s Summary Judgment Motion had

been filed on September 15, 2025, yet Defendant’s Notice of Removal was not filed until October

21, 2025, which, yet again, is well beyond the 30 day deadline set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(3).

Finally, Defendant contends that this 30 day deadline for removal is procedural and thus is

waivable. Even so, Plaintiff did not waive that statutory requirement as evidenced by timely filing

its Motion for Remand in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 1446 (a) and (b).

Based upon the foregoing, removal is untimely.

B. The Forum-Defendant Rule Precludes Removal

Defendant attempts to invoke this Court’s subject matter jurisdiction based on diversity of

citizenship pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). However, a civil case that would be otherwise

removable based on diversity of citizenship is not removable if any defendant is “a citizen of the

State in which such action is brought.” 28 U.S.C. § 1441(b)(2). See also Lincoln Prop. Co. v.

Roche, 546 U.S. 81, 84 (2005) (“[d]efendants may remove an action on the basis of diversity of

citizenship if there is complete diversity between all named plaintiffs and all named defendants,

and no defendant is a citizen of the forum State.”); Target Corp. v Frederick Mut. Ins. Co., 302

F.Supp.3d 695, 699 (2018). Here, Defendant is a Pennsylvania limited liability company (whose

sole member was a Pennsylvanian)3 (Docket No. 6) and thus is a citizen of the forum State,

Pennsylvania, and therefore is precluded from removal based on diversity of citizenship pursuant

to 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). See U.S.C. § 1441(b)(2).

C. The Well-Pleaded Complaint Rule Precludes Removal

Defendant alternatively attempts to invoke this Court’s subject matter jurisdiction pursuant

to 28 U.S.C. § 1331, contending that this action arises under the United States Constitution, laws,

or treaties of the United States. To determine whether an action involves such a federal question,

the Court limits its inquiry to the Plaintiff’s cause of action and does not consider Defendant’s

answer, defenses, or counterclaims. Holmes Grp., Inc. v. Vornado Air Circulation Sys., Inc., 535

U.S. 826, 831-32 (2002) (refusing to consider a patent law counterclaim in determining whether

federal question jurisdiction existed). This “well-pleaded complaint rule” provides that “federal

jurisdiction exists only when a federal question is presented on the face of the [plaintiff’s] properly

pleaded complaint.” Caterpillar Inc. v. Williams, 482 U.S. 386, 392-93 (1987) (citing Gully v.

3 Defendant’s Notice of Removal is devoid of any averments indicating where its sole member, Lynne Lamar

Thompson, resides or is domiciled to discern Defendant’s State of citizenship. (Docket No. 4-4). Defendant’s

Disclosure Statement filed pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 7.1(a)(2) and Local Rule 7.1 likewise neglects to disclose Ms.

Lamar Thompson’s citizenship, which, as Defendant’s sole member, would be attributed to Defendant for the purpose

of evaluating whether complete diversity exits pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. (Docket No. 6). Even so, there appears

to be no dispute that Ms. Lamar Thompson was from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.

First Nat’l Bank, 299 U.S. 109, 112-13 (1936); see also Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Texaco, Inc.,

415 U.S. 125, 127-28 (1974).

Here, Plaintiff’s Complaint solely states a claim for mortgage foreclosure under

Pennsylvania law. (Docket No. 4-2). See Pa. R. C.P. 1141-1150; Fleet Real Estate Funding Corp.

v. Smith, 530 A.2d 919, 923 n.3 (Pa. Super. 1987). References to federal law, namely the TILA

and RESPA, are found in Defendant’s Answer and New Matter (Docket No. 15-3, pp. 7-16), and

in its Amended Answer with Counterclaim, alleging a RESPA and TILA counterclaims among

others. (Id., pp. 35-50). However, Defendant’s counterclaims are not to be considered when

evaluating whether Plaintiff’s action is “arising under” a federal law. To do so would violate the

long-established well-pleaded complaint rule. Removal is barred on this basis, too.

D. Attorney’s Fees

Plaintiff requests an award of attorney’s fees and costs associated with the remand pursuant

to 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c), which provides that “[a]n order remanding the case may require payment

of just costs and any actual expenses, including attorney fees, incurred as a result of the removal.”

28 U.S.C. §1447(c). Fees and costs are generally awardable in the discretion of the Court “where

the removing party lacked an objectively reasonable basis for seeking removal.” Martin v.

Franklin Capital Corp., 546 U.S. 132, 141 (2005).

Based upon a review of the record in its entirely and as set forth herein, it is palpably

evidence that Defendant had no objectively reasonable basis for seeking removal and ostensibly

did so to avoid or delay a hearing on Plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment. Removal was

untimely and violated several clear and long-established legal requirements for doing so. It is

noteworthy that Defendant filed the Notice of Removal on the very day the parties were scheduled

for oral argument on a dispositive motion pending in the Court of Common Pleas. An award of

fees and costs here is justified against both Defendant and Defendant’s counsel, jointly and

severally.

In calculating the fee award, this Court applies the lodestar method, multiplying a

reasonable hourly billing rate for the lawyers’ services by the reasonable number of hours

expended. League of Women Voters of Pa. v. Comm. of Pa., 921 F.3d 378, 387 (3d Cir. 2019),

citing In re AT&T Corp., 455 F.3d 160, 164 (3d Cir. 2006). Plaintiff submits invoices and a pre-

bill indicating that it incurred attorneys’ fees in the amount of $6,824 and costs in the amount of

$315.35 based on hourly rates of $280 - $300 per hour, for a total amount of $7,139.35. (Docket

No. 30-2). Upon a detailed review of Plaintiff’s invoices and pre-bill, this Court concludes that

the hourly rates are customary and reasonable and that most of the services performed are

reasonable in amount and relate to Defendant’s removal and Plaintiff’s Motion for Remand.4

Therefore, the Court awards fees and costs to Plaintiff in the amount of $6,047.35.

IV. Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiffs’ Motion for Remand shall be granted. The Court shall

remand this action to the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The Court

shall also order an award of attorneys’ fees and costs to be satisfied by Defendant and its counsel,

Lydia Evelyn Spragin, Esq., jointly and severally.

An Order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion follows.

4 There are two “block billed” entries for services performed on October 21, 2025 that encompass work related

to preparation for oral argument on the summary judgment motion in the Court of Common Pleas, along with work

related to Defendant’s Notice of Removal and the subsequently filed Motion to Remand. (Docket No. 30-2, p. 2).

Because worked performed in relation to the oral argument in Common Pleas Court is not “incurred as a result of the

removal” pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c), such fees are not awardable here. Furthermore, the block-billed entries

commingle recoverable fees with nonrecoverable fees and this Court cannot discern which portions of these entries

are recoverable on the present record and therefore will disallow both entries in their entirety. Therefore, the total

value of these unrelated services is $1,092 based upon 3.9 hours billed at $280 per hour, which will be subtracted from

the total requested amount of $7,139.35 for an award of $6,047.35. This Court offers no opinion as to whether such

unrecoverable fees are recoverable in the Court of Common Pleas upon remand.

/s/ W. Scott Hardy

W. Scott Hardy

United States District Judge

Dated: February 3, 2026

cc/ecf: All counsel of record