“Judges have absolute immunity for any actions taken in a judicial or quasi-judicial capacity.”
How later courts described this case
- “Judges have absolute immunity for any actions taken in a judicial or quasi-judicial capacity.”
- “[J]udicial immunity is not overcome by allegations of bad faith or malice.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
OSCAR CEASER, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) Civil Action No. 1:25-cv-03723 (UNA)
)
REGGIE B. WALTON, )
)
)
Defendant. )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before the Court is Plaintiff’s pro se Complaint (“Compl.”), ECF No. 1, and his
Application for Leave to Proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”), ECF No. 2. The Court grants
Plaintiff’s IFP Application, and as explained below, it dismisses this matter without prejudice.
Plaintiff, a resident of Woodland, California, sues a federal judge of this district court. See
Compl. at 1–2. The Complaint is vague and difficult to follow. As best understood, Plaintiff takes
issue with the dismissal of one or more matters that he filed in this district; more specifically, he
contends that, when a litigant is granted a fee waiver, a case cannot be “closed” until summonses
are issued. See id. at 4; see Compl. Memorandum (“Compl. Memo”), ECF No. 1-1, at 1. He
demands that a “settlement of 21 billon dollar[s], from his lawyer Barack Obama.” Compl. Memo
at 1.
First, pro se litigants must comply with the Rules of Civil Procedure. Jarrell v. Tisch, 656
F. Supp. 237, 239 (D.D.C. 1987). Rule 8(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires
complaints to contain “(1) a short and plain statement of the grounds for the court’s jurisdiction
[and] (2) a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.”
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a); see Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678–79 (2009); Ciralsky v. CIA, 355 F.3d
661, 668-71 (D.C. Cir. 2004). The Rule 8 standard ensures that defendants receive fair notice of
the claim being asserted so that they can prepare a responsive answer and an adequate defense and
determine whether the doctrine of res judicata applies. Brown v. Califano, 75 F.R.D. 497, 498
(D.D.C. 1977). As here, a confused narrative of charges and conclusions does not comply with
the requirements of Rule 8, Cheeks v. Fort Myer Constr. Corp., 71 F. Supp. 3d 163, 169 (D.D.C.
2014) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted), and the Complaint neither provides adequate
notice of a claim nor establishes this Court’s subject matter jurisdiction.
Second, Plaintiff has failed to state a claim, even if that claim was better pleaded. A district
court may, under many different circumstances, dismiss a case sua sponte, and it is not required to
issue summons following the submission or grant of an IFP application; indeed, when an IFP
application is filed, the Court must preliminarily “screen” a case for potential defects, and if
defective, dismiss the case, as statutorily required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). See Haba v. Arthur,
851 F. App’x 405, 406 (4th Cir. 2021) (per curiam) (“[S]ervice was not required before dismissing
the action for failure to state a claim [under] 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2).”); Chow v. United States, No.
23-2842, 2024 WL 5220899, at *1 (9th Cir. Dec. 26, 2024) (“Contrary to Chow’s contention, the
district court was not required to issue summons following Chow’s submission of a motion to
proceed in forma pauperis”) (citing 28 U.S.C. § 1915), cert. denied, --- S.Ct. ----, No. 25-5380,
2025 WL 2906579 (Oct. 14, 2025).
Finally, and assuming arguendo that Plaintiff had stated a claim, judges are absolutely
immune from suits for money damages for “all actions taken in the judge’s judicial capacity, unless
these actions are taken in the complete absence of all jurisdiction.” Sindram v. Suda, 986 F.2d
1459, 1460 (D.C. Cir. 1993); see also Mireles v. Waco, 502 U.S. 9, 9 (1991) (acknowledging that
a long line of Supreme Court precedents have found that a “judge is immune from a suit for money
damages”); Caldwell v. Kagan, 865 F. Supp. 2d 35, 42 (D.D.C. 2012) (“Judges have absolute
immunity for any actions taken in a judicial or quasi-judicial capacity.”). And “a judge will not be
deprived of immunity because the action he took was in error, was done maliciously, or was in
excess of his authority.” Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, 356 (1978); see also Mireles, 502 U.S.
at 11 (“[J]udicial immunity is not overcome by allegations of bad faith or malice.”). Because the
actions alleged by Plaintiff––i.e., dismissals of his cases––are undisputably judicial acts,
Defendant is thus immune from suit.
Accordingly, and for these reasons, this matter is dismissed without prejudice. A separate
Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.
Date: January 2, 2026
/s/_________________________
ANA C. REYES
United States District Judge