The opinion
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4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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7 SUNDEEP SAMRA, Case No. 25-cv-09689-EMC
8 Plaintiff,
ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S
9 v. MOTION TO REMAND
10 AMERICAN NATIONAL PROPERTY
AND CASUALTY COMPANY, Docket No. 9
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Defendant.
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14 The case at bar is an insurance dispute. As alleged in the complaint, Plaintiff Sundeep
15 Samra had an automobile insurance policy with Defendant American National Property and
16 Casualty Company. In November 2022, Plaintiff was in a car accident; specifically, he was struck
17 by an uninsured driver. See Compl. ¶ 12. Plaintiff tendered a claim for the injuries he sustained to
18 Defendant. See Compl. ¶ 13. Thereafter, Defendant allegedly engaged in misconduct – e.g., it
19 failed to conduct a complete investigation, ignored facts in support of Plaintiff’s claim, failed to
20 timely pay benefits, and unreasonably concluded that Plaintiff was not entitled to benefits. See
21 Compl. ¶ 14. Based on, inter alia, the above allegations, Plaintiff asserts two causes of action: (1)
22 breach of contract and (2) breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.
23 Plaintiff initiated this case in state court in June 2025. He served the complaint on
24 Defendant in July 2025. See Mot. at 4; Rosenzweig Decl. ¶ 3. Defendant, however, did not
25 remove the case from state to federal court until more than three months later (i.e., after the parties
26 had been litigating the case in state court). Now pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s motion to
27 remand. Having considered the parties’ briefs and accompanying submissions, the Court hereby
1 I. DISCUSSION
2 A. Motion to Remand
3 In November 2025, more than three months after being served with the complaint,
4 Defendant removed this case from state to federal court. The basis of the removal was diversity
5 jurisdiction. See generally Not. of Removal. Specifically:
6 • In its notice of removal, Defendants stated that the parties are diverse because
7 Plaintiff resides in California and Defendant is a citizen of Nebraska (its state of
8 incorporation) and Missouri (its principal place of business). See Not. of Removal
9 ¶ 6(a)-(c).
10 • Defendant also stated that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000 because,
11 e.g., Plaintiff “alleges that he suffered severe and permanent injuries in a car
12 accident,” the policy has limits of coverage of $100,000 per accident, and he is
13 seeking punitive damages and attorneys’ fees. See Not. of Removal ¶ 6(e); see also
14 Compl. ¶ 12 (alleging that Plaintiff suffered “serious and permanent injuries”);
15 Compl. ¶ 11 (alleging that the limits of coverage under the policy were $100,000
16 per accident); Compl., Prayer for Relief ¶¶ 3-4, 6 (seeking attorneys’ fees and
17 punitive damages).
18 Plaintiff promptly filed a motion to remand, challenging the removal as improper.
19 According to Plaintiff, the removal was inappropriate for two reasons:
20 (1) The removal was not timely made. It was clear from the face of the complaint that
21 the amount in controversy exceeded $75,000 but Defendant did not remove within
22 30 days after being served with the complaint. See 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(1)
23 (providing that “[t]he notice of removal of a civil action or proceeding shall be
24 filed within 30 days after the receipt by the defendant, through service or
25 otherwise, of a copy of the initial pleading setting forth the claim for relief upon
26 which such action or proceeding is based”). Rather, Defendant did not remove
27 until more than three months after being served.
1 in state court.
2 In its responsive brief, Defendant now concedes that the case should be remanded back to
3 state court. Its only contention is that Plaintiff should not be awarded his attorney’s fees related to
4 the removal and remand.
5 Because Defendant does not oppose remand and the Court agrees that there is no diversity
6 jurisdiction, Plaintiff’s motion is granted. The only issue remaining is attorney’s fees.
7 B. Motion for Attorney’s Fees
8 Title 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c) provides that “[a]n order remanding the case may require
9 payment of just costs and any actual expenses, including attorney fees, incurred as a result of the
10 removal.” 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c). “[A]n award of fees under § 1447(c) is left to the district court's
11 discretion.” Martin v. Franklin Capital Corp., 546 U.S. 132, 139 (2005). The Supreme Court has
12 noted that
13 [t]he appropriate test for awarding fees under § 1447(c) should
recognize the desire to deter removals sought for the purpose of
14 prolonging litigation and imposing costs on the opposing party,
while not undermining Congress' basic decision to afford defendants
15 a right to remove as a general matter, when the statutory criteria are
satisfied.
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In light of these "'large objectives,'" the standard for awarding fees
17 should turn on the reasonableness of the removal. Absent unusual
circumstances, courts may award attorney's fees under § 1447(c)
18 only where the removing party lacked an objectively reasonable
basis for seeking removal. Conversely, when an objectively
19 reasonable basis exists, fees should be denied. In applying this rule,
district courts retain discretion to consider whether unusual
20 circumstances warrant a departure from the rule in a given case. For
instance, a plaintiff's delay in seeking remand or failure to disclose
21 facts necessary to determine jurisdiction may affect the decision to
award attorney's fees. When a court exercises its discretion in this
22 manner, however, its reasons for departing from the general rule
should be "faithful to the purposes" of awarding fees under §
23 1447(c).
24 Id. at 140-41.
25 Defendant argues that it was reasonable for it not to remove within 30 days after being
26 served because the face of the complaint did not show that it was removable. Defendant contends
27 that the face of the complaint did not show diversity because, even though it stated that Plaintiff
1 subjective knowledge about its own citizenship does not matter. Defendant relies on Harris v.
2 Bankers Life & Cas. Co., 425 F.3d 689 (9th Cir. 2005), where the Ninth Circuit held that “notice
3 of removability under § 1446(b) is determined through examination of the four corners of the
4 applicable pleadings, not through subjective knowledge or a duty to make further inquiry.”). Id.
5 at 694. Defendant also asserts that the face of the complaint did not establish that the amount in
6 controversy exceeds $75,000 because the complaint did not ask for a concrete amount and it was
7 possible that the amount could be $75,000 or less.
8 Defendant’s position is not persuasive. With respect to diversity, “[s]ince Harris [a 2005
9 decision], courts in this circuit have held the ‘subjective knowledge’ does not include basic facts
10 defendants are obviously aware of, such as their own citizenship.” Brecher v. Citigroup Global
11 Mkts., Inc., No. 09cv1344-LAB (AJB), 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149958, at *11 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 23,
12 2010); see also Serra v. Huckins, No. SACV 22-01369-CJC (KESx), 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS
13 192774, at *6 n.2 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 21, 2022) (noting the same); Cretian v. Job1USA, Inc., No. CV-
14 09-770-ST, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 116864, at *6 (D. Or. Sept. 18, 2009) (stating that defendant
15 “is presumed to know its own citizenship” as “it is in the best position to know it”; “nothing in
16 Harris indicates otherwise”).1
17 As for the amount in controversy, Defendant’s own notice of removal shows that it should
18 have known at the time it was served with the complaint that the amount in controversy exceeds
19 $75,000. The notice of removal states that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000 based on
20 allegations made on the face of the complaint – e.g., Plaintiff “alleges that he suffered severe and
21 permanent injuries in a car accident,” the policy has limits of coverage of $100,000 per accident,
22 and he is seeking punitive damages and attorneys’ fees. See Not. of Removal ¶ 6(e); see also
23 Compl. ¶ 19 (alleging that Plaintiff incurred “substantial expenses relating to his medical
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1 Harris did not involve the issue of a defendant’s own citizenship. Rather, the issue was the
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citizenship of the defendant’s insurance agent who sold the plaintiff his policy. See Harris, 425
F.3d at 696 (“Harris admits that Brown's citizenship was not revealed on the face of his initial
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pleading, but claims there was a clue that imposed a duty to investigate further. According to
Harris, Bankers should have looked in its files within the first thirty days, found the 1973 index
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card pertaining to Brown, used the information on the index card to ferret out details about Brown,
1 treatment”).
2 Moreover, even if there were a lack of clarity on the amount in controversy based on the
3 face of the complaint, Defendant still should have removed earlier than it did. See 28 U.S.C. §
4 1446(b)(3) (providing that, “if the case stated by the initial pleading is not removable, a notice of
5 removal may be filed within thirty days after receipt by the defendant, through service or
6 otherwise, of a copy of an amended pleading, motion, order or other paper from which it may first
7 be ascertained that the case is one which is or has become removable”) (emphasis added). There
8 is no dispute that, in September 2025, Plaintiff sent a written settlement demand to Defendant,
9 seeking $128,000. That clearly exceeded the $75,000 amount-in-controversy requirement.
10 However, Defendant still did not remove until November 2025.
11 Because Defendant’s removal was not reasonable, the Court concludes that attorney’s fees
12 are appropriate. The Court now turns to the amount of fees.
13 Plaintiff seeks $8,250 in attorneys’ fees, representing an estimate of 11 hours of work at an
14 hourly rate of $750. See Rosenzweig Decl. ¶ 11 (“I have expended two (2) hours reviewing
15 Defendant’s Notice of Removal, conducting preliminary research, and meeting and conferring
16 with Defendants. I spent six (6) hours drafting, finalizing, and filing the within Notice, Motion,
17 Memorandum of Points & Authorities, Declaration, and Exhibits. I expect to expend (3) hours
18 reviewing any opposition filed by Defendant, preparing a Reply Brief, and preparing for and
19 appearing at the hearing on this Motion. My hourly rate is $750.00 . . . .”). The Court finds the
20 number of hours claimed by Plaintiff excessive. First, the Court has now vacated the hearing on
21 the motion to remand so no time needed to be spent on preparation for and attendance at the
22 hearing. Second, the issues raised in the motion are not complicated and thus should not have
23 taken an undue amount of time to address. The Court finds that a reasonable amount of time for
24 Plaintiff’s counsel to spend on the motion (including evaluation of the opposition and preparation
25 of the reply) is five (5) hours. At an hourly rate of $750, that amounts to a fee award of $3,750.
26 II. CONCLUSION
27 For the foregoing reasons, the Court grants Plaintiff’s motion to remand and awards
1 confer to determine the best way for Defendant to transmit the fee award to Plaintiff.
2 The Clerk of the Court is instructed to remand the case back to Alameda Superior Court
3 and close the file in the case.
4 This order disposes of Docket No. 9.
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6 IT IS SO ORDERED.
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8 Dated: December 31, 2025
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EDW. . CHEN
United States District Judge
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