Opinion

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7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

8 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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10 MICHAEL ALAN DEAN HILL, No. 2:25-cv-00751 SCR P

11 Plaintiff,

12 v. ORDER

13 EL DORADO COUNTY, et al.,

14 Defendants.

15

16 Plaintiff is a pretrial criminal detainee proceeding pro se with a civil rights action under 42

17 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff’s first amended complaint (“FAC”) is before the undersigned for

18 screening under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A.1 For the reasons set forth below, the undersigned finds that

19 plaintiff’s FAC states a cognizable First and Fourteenth Amendment denial of access to the courts

20 claim against defendant Cemo and a cognizable Fourteenth Amendment procedural due process

21 claim against defendant Balderas, but not other cognizable claims. Plaintiff will be given the

22 option of proceeding on the FAC as screened or filing an amended complaint.

23 IN FORMA PAUPERIS

24 Plaintiff has requested leave to proceed without paying the full filing fee for this action,

25 under 28 U.S.C. § 1915. He has submitted a declaration showing that he cannot afford to pay the

26 entire filing fee. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2). Accordingly, plaintiff’s motion to proceed in forma

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28 1 Plaintiff filed his amended complaint before the court screened his original complaint.

1 pauperis is granted. This means that plaintiff is allowed to pay the $350.00 filing fee in monthly

2 installments that are taken from the inmate’s trust account rather than in one lump sum. 28

3 U.S.C. §§ 1914(a). As part of this order, the jail is required to remove an initial partial filing fee

4 from plaintiff’s trust account. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). A separate order directed to the El

5 Dorado County Sheriff requires monthly payments of twenty percent of the prior month’s income

6 to be taken from plaintiff’s trust account. These payments will be taken until the $350 filing fee

7 is paid in full. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2).

8 STATUTORY SCREENING OF PRISONER COMPLAINTS

9 The court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against “a

10 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). In

11 performing this screening function, the court must dismiss any claim that “(1) is frivolous,

12 malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief

13 from a defendant who is immune from such relief.” Id. § 1915A(b). A claim is legally frivolous

14 when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact. Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325

15 (1989). The court may dismiss a claim as frivolous if it is based on an indisputably meritless

16 legal theory or factual contentions that are baseless. Neitzke, 490 U.S. at 327. The critical

17 inquiry is whether a constitutional claim, however inartfully pleaded, has an arguable legal and

18 factual basis. See Jackson v. Arizona, 885 F.2d 639, 640 (9th Cir. 1989).

19 In order to avoid dismissal for failure to state a claim a complaint must contain more than

20 “naked assertions,” “labels and conclusions” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause

21 of action.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-557 (2007). In other words,

22 “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory

23 statements do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). A claim upon which the

24 court can grant relief has facial plausibility. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. “A claim has facial

25 plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable

26 inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. When

27 considering whether a complaint states a claim, the court must accept the allegations as true,

28 Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93-94 (2007), and construe the complaint in the light most

1 favorable to the plaintiff, Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974).

2 FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS OF THE FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT

3 The events underlying the FAC occurred at El Dorado County Jail. ECF No. 10 at 1. The

4 FAC names four defendants: (1) Jonathan Eslick, Classification Lieutenant; (2) Dennis Cemo,

5 Classification Sergeant; (3) Correctional Officer (“C/O”) Tinker; and (4) C/O Balderas. Id. at 2.

6 Plaintiff’s first claim alleges a Fourteenth Amendment violation regarding a cell search

7 and harassment. ECF No. 1 at 3. After plaintiff was attacked by Eslick, defendant Cemo and

8 nondefendant Evan searched and tossed his room and left with a bag of papers later confirmed to

9 be legal paperwork, grievance copies, and request slip copies. Id. Their actions hurt plaintiff’s

10 criminal case because he is proceeding pro per and had to determine what evidence was missing

11 and request it again. Id. Plaintiff cannot get a “CPS report” or a “transcript of pretext,” which

12 will hurt his case. Id.

13 In his second claim, plaintiff alleges unconstitutional punishment in violation of the

14 Fourteenth Amendment. ECF No. 10 at 4. He claims defendants Eslick and Cemo, as well as

15 nondefendant Evan, fabricated violations in disciplinary reports to have him classified as high

16 risk. Being classified high risk means being cuffed and shackled for all movement. There was

17 never a hearing to prove he was guilty, and his witnesses didn’t get to make statements. Plaintiff

18 was placed on lockdown “23+” hours a day, denied access to commissary, hygiene, and books,

19 was skipped for yard, and only received 30 minutes out of cell time to shave, shower, and use the

20 phone. Id.

21 In his third and final claim, plaintiff alleges that defendants Tinker and Balderas were

22 assigned to perform disciplinary reviews but refused to speak to witnesses. ECF No. 10 at 5. The

23 review was a formality because defendants Eslick and Cemo had already put plaintiff in red

24 clothes to signify he was high risk. Id. Plaintiff asserts that Tinker’s and Balderas’ actions

25 violated his rights under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause. Id.

26 In his request for relief, plaintiff asks that defendants Eslick and Cemo be fined and

27 terminated, that all C/Os be retrained to follow the law, and $100,000 in punitive damages. ECF

28 No. 10 at 6.

1 LEGAL STANDARDS

2 I. 42 U.S.C. § 1983

3 A plaintiff may bring an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 to redress violations of “rights,

4 privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and [federal] laws” by a person or entity,

5 including a municipality, acting under the color of state law. 42 U.S.C. § 1983. To state a claim

6 under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must show that (1) a defendant acting under color of state law

7 (2) deprived plaintiff of rights secured by the Constitution or federal statutes. Benavidez v.

8 County of San Diego, 993 F.3d 1134, 1144 (9th Cir. 2021).

9 II. Linkage

10 Section 1983 requires that there be an actual connection or link between the actions of the

11 defendants and the deprivation alleged to have been suffered by plaintiff. See Monell v.

12 Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658, 694 (1978); Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362, 370-71

13 (1976). Plaintiff may demonstrate that connection by alleging facts showing: (1) a defendant's

14 “personal involvement in the constitutional deprivation,” or (2) that a defendant set “in motion a

15 series of acts by others” or “knowingly refus[ed] to terminate a series of acts by others, which

16 [the defendant] knew or reasonably should have known would cause others to inflict a

17 constitutional injury.” Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 1202, 1207-08 (9th Cir. 2011) (quotation marks

18 and citation omitted). In other words, “[a] person ‘subjects’ another to the deprivation of a

19 constitutional right, within the meaning of section 1983, if he does an affirmative act, participates

20 in another's affirmative acts or omits to perform an act which he is legally required to do that

21 causes the deprivation of which complaint is made.” Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th

22 Cir. 1978) (citation omitted).

23 DISCUSSION

24 I. Plaintiff’s Claims

25 A. Claim I: Cell Search and Confiscation of Legal Paperwork

26 The undersigned construes plaintiff’s first claim regarding defendant Cemo’s confiscation

27 of his legal paperwork as alleging a violation of his right to access the courts. The Ninth Circuit

28 has held that “prisoners have a right under the First and Fourteenth Amendments to litigate . . .

1 without active interference by prison officials.” Silva v. Di Vittorio, 658 F.3d 1090, 1103 (9th

2 Cir. 2011) (emphasis in original); see also First Amend. Coal. of Arizona, Inc. v. Ryan, 938 F.3d

3 1069, 1080 (9th Cir. 2019) (recognizing category of First Amendment claims involving “active

4 interference with a prisoner’s right to litigate, such as seizing and withholding the prisoner’s legal

5 files”) (citing Silva, 658 F.3d at 1102-1104). To state a claim for the denial of access to the

6 courts, a plaintiff must allege an actual injury, i.e., prejudice with respect to contemplated or

7 existing litigation, such as the inability to meet a filing deadline or present a non-frivolous claim.

8 Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 349 (1996).

9 Here, plaintiff has minimally alleged the injury needed to sustain a First and Fourteenth

10 Amendment denial of access to the courts claim. Plaintiff is proceeding pro per in his criminal

11 case and alleges that defendant Cemo confiscated evidence that he had to request again and

12 identifies a CPS report and transcript that he can no longer access. Accepting these allegations as

13 true and drawing all reasonable inferences in plaintiff’s favor, the undersigned finds that

14 defendant’s actions prejudiced plaintiff’s ability to put on his own criminal defense. Accordingly,

15 plaintiff’s FAC states a cognizable First and Fourteenth Amendment denial of access to the courts

16 claim against defendant Cemo.

17 B. Claim II: Punishment By Way of False Disciplinary Reports

18 The undersigned construes plaintiff’s second claim as alleging defendants Eslick and

19 Cemo inflicted punishment in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment by issuing a false

20 disciplinary charge. The false report in turn caused plaintiff to be classified as “high risk” and

21 placed on lockdown for more than 23 hours a day. ECF No. 1 at 4.

22 Courts have generally found that the issuance of a false disciplinary charge does not, in

23 and of itself, violate due process. See Harper v. Costa, 2009 WL 1684599, at *2-3 (E.D. Cal.,

24 June 16, 2009), aff’d, 393 Fed. App’x. 488 (9th Cir. 2010) (“Although the Ninth Circuit has not

25 directly addressed this issue in a published opinion, district courts throughout California . . . have

26 determined that a prisoner’s allegation that prison officials issued a false disciplinary charge

27 against him fails to state a cognizable claim for relief under § 1983.”); see also Muhammad v.

28 Rubia, 2010 WL 1260425, at *3 (N.D. Cal., Mar. 29, 2010), aff’d, 453 Fed. App’x 751 (9th Cir.

1 2011) (“[A] prisoner has no constitutionally guaranteed immunity from being falsely or wrongly

2 accused of conduct which may result in the deprivation of a protected liberty interest.” (citations

3 omitted)). “These courts have reasoned that the focus of the analysis is on the process required

4 by law and have thus concluded that false accusations do not violate the due process clause of the

5 Fourteenth Amendment so long as the inmate is afforded the procedural protections required by

6 federal law at the disciplinary hearing.” Goodwin v. Salagubang, No. 2:18-cv-0363 JAM DMC,

7 2019 WL 2026507, at *2 (E.D. Cal. May 8, 2019) (collecting cases); see also Muhammad, 2010

8 WL 12604235, at *3 (“As long as a prisoner is afforded procedural due process in the disciplinary

9 hearing, allegations of a fabricated charge fail to state a claim under § 1983”). Accordingly,

10 defendants Eslick’s and Cemo’s allegedly false charge does not, standing alone, violate the

11 Fourteenth Amendment.

12 The undersigned next turns to whether plaintiff received required procedural protections

13 during the ensuing disciplinary hearing. Under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process

14 Clause, pretrial detainees have a right against jail conditions or restrictions that “amount to

15 punishment.” Pierce v. Cnty. of Orange, 526 F.3d 1190, 1205 (9th 2008) (quoting Bell v.

16 Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535–37 (1979)). Pretrial detainees are not “free to violate jail rules with

17 impunity,” but “may be subjected to disciplinary segregation only with a due process hearing to

18 determine whether they have in fact violated any rule.” Mitchell v. Dupnik, 75 F.3d 517, 524

19 (9th Cir. 1996); Shorter v. Baca, 101 F. Supp. 3d 876, 891 (C.D. Cal. 2015) (“the Ninth Circuit

20 has held that segregated confinement of pretrial detainees, where that confinement amounts to

21 punishment, must be accompanied by a due process hearing”). The elements of federal due

22 process require that a pretrial detainee be permitted to present evidence and “call witnesses in his

23 defense, when permitting him to do so will not be unduly hazardous to institutional safety and

24 correctional concerns.”2 Mitchell, 75 F.3d at 525 (citing Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 566

25 (1974)); see also Serrano v. Francis, 345 F.3d 1071, 1077–78 (9th Cir. 2003) (Wolff protections

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2 The exacting test for liberty interests articulated in Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472 (1995),

27 which determines when these federal due process procedures are triggered for convicted

prisoners, does not apply to the liberty interests of pretrial detainees. See Pierce, 526 F.3d at

28 1205 n.15.

1 include “the rights to call witnesses, to present documentary evidence and to have a written

2 statement by the factfinder as to the evidence relied upon and the reasons for the disciplinary

3 action taken.”).

4 In the supporting facts section of his second claim, plaintiff wrote that he “never had a

5 hearing to prove I was guilty” and his “witness didn’t get to make statements.” ECF No. 10 at 4.

6 However, the attachments to the FAC contradict these claims. They include a “Disciplinary

7 Review Form” showing that defendant Tinker convened a hearing on the allegedly false charges

8 on February 16, 2025, at 1915 hours. Id. at 10. The form also reflects that Tinker interviewed

9 witness Hernandez at plaintiff’s request.3 Id. The court need not accept as true allegations that

10 contradict facts contained in the complaint’s exhibits. Sprewell v. Golden State Warriors, 266

11 F.3d 979, 988 (9th Cir.), opinion amended on denial of reh’g, 275 F.3d 1187 (9th Cir. 2001).

12 Thus, because plaintiff received a hearing and his witness participated, his FAC does not state a

13 cognizable claim regarding defendants Eslick’s and Cemo’s allegedly false charge. Plaintiff will

14 be given leave to amend to elaborate on the alleged procedural defects in this hearing.

15 Because plaintiff alleges defendants “fabricated violations” that formed the basis of his

16 RVR, the undersigned will also consider whether his SAC states a cognizable falsification of

17 evidence claim pursuant to Devereaux v. Abbey, 263 F.3d 1070 (9th Cir. 2001) (en banc)

18 (“Devereaux”). In Devereaux, the Ninth Circuit held that “there is a clearly established

19 constitutional due process right not to be subjected to criminal charges on the basis of false

20 evidence that was deliberately fabricated by the government.” 263 F.3d at 1074-75.

21 There is disagreement in this District whether Devereaux claims are cognizable in the

22 RVR hearing context. Compare Chappell v. Bess, No. 2:01-cv-1979 KJN P, 2012 WL 3276984,

23 at *22–23 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 9, 2012) (denying summary judgment to defendants on Devereaux

24 claim where plaintiff alleged defendants planted the drugs that formed the basis of his RVR and

25 criminal referral), with Hinton v. Mix, No. 1:24-cv-0960 KES BAM (PC), 2025 WL 1569053, at

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3 The form also shows that plaintiff was found guilty of major rules violations and placed on

27 “disciplinary separation” from February 22, 2025, to March 8, 2025. Id. at 11. Plaintiff lost

privileges consistent with the allegations in the FAC (e.g., only 30 minutes out of cell for

28 showering and legal calls). Id.

1 *10 (E.D. Cal. June 3, 2025) (screening out due process claim based on alleged falsified evidence

2 in RVR hearing and noting that “the Ninth Circuit has not held that such prison disciplinary

3 proceedings are sufficient for a Devereaux claim”), report and recommendation adopted, No.

4 1:24-cv-0960 KES BAM (PC), 2025 WL 1918564 (E.D. Cal. July 11, 2025).4 While the Ninth

5 Circuit has not addressed this specific question, it has entertained Devereaux falsification of

6 evidence claims in other administrative contexts. See, e.g., Costanich v. Dep’t of Soc. & Health

7 Servs., 627 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2010) (denying summary judgment on a fabrication of evidence

8 claim against a defendant based on evidence that the defendant falsified evidence that was used in

9 an administrative proceeding, and which led to the revocation of Plaintiff’s foster care license and

10 loss of guardianship of two minor children). Therefore, at this early stage of the case and without

11 the benefit of briefing by defendants, the undersigned will proceed to screen for a Devereaux-type

12 claim.

13 “To prevail on a § 1983 claim of deliberate fabrication, a plaintiff must prove that (1) the

14 defendant official deliberately fabricated evidence and (2) the deliberate fabrication caused the

15 plaintiff’s deprivation of liberty.” Spencer v. Peters, 857 F.3d 789, 798 (9th Cir. 2017) (citations

16 omitted). Here, plaintiff does not provide facts showing deliberate fabrication, he only makes the

17 conclusory allegation that Eslick and Cemo “fabricated violations in disciplinary reports.” He

18 does not state what was fabricated and why. Plaintiff’s bare-bones allegation does not plausibly

19 state a Devereaux-type claim. Plaintiff will be granted leave to amend to elaborate on the alleged

20 fabrication.

21 C. Claim III: Denial of Witnesses at Hearing

22 The undersigned construes plaintiff’s third claim as alleging Fourteenth Amendment

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4 Judges in other districts within this Circuit have also found Devereaux inapplicable to prison

24 disciplinary proceedings. See, e.g., Garcia v. Kernan, No. 18-cv-2313 JLS (MSB), 2019 WL

3429175, at *9 (S.D. Cal. July 30, 2019) (holding Devereaux does not apply to “administrative

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measures” such as “prison segregation and internal disciplinary procedures[.]”); Strohmeyer v.

26 Belanger, No. 3:14-cv-0661 RCJ WGC, 2021 WL 1097344, at *18 (D. Nev. Mar. 3, 2021)

(“Plaintiff has cited no authority, and the court is aware of none, extending the holding of

27 Devereaux to prison disciplinary proceedings.”), report and recommendation adopted, No. 3:14-

cv-0661 RCJ WGC, 2021 WL 1687116 (D. Nev. Mar. 22, 2021), aff’d sub nom. Strohmeyer v.

28 Beguefuth, No. 21-15760, 2023 WL 3477832 (9th Cir. May 16, 2023).

1 procedural due process violations by defendants Tinker and Balderas at plaintiff’s disciplinary

2 hearings. Plaintiff claims Tinker and Balderas did not interview witnesses and their reviews

3 themselves were a “sham” because he has already been classified “high risk.” ECF No. 1 a 5.

4 As discussed above, pretrial detainees are entitled to a due process hearing before they are

5 subjected to disciplinary segregation and have the right to call witnesses. See Mitchell, 75 F.3d at

6 524-25 (citing Wolff, 418 U.S. at 566). Again, the attachments pertaining to defendant Tinker’s

7 hearing on February 16, 2025, undermine plaintiff’s claim that Tinker did not permit plaintiff to

8 present witnesses. The disciplinary hearing report shows that plaintiff asked Tinker to interview

9 witness Hernandez and includes a narrative of Tinker’s subsequent interview with Hernandez.

10 See ECF No. 10 at 10. The court, again, need not accept as true allegations that contradict facts

11 contained in the complaint’s exhibits. Sprewell, 266 F.3d at 988. Absent additional facts

12 regarding other witnesses that Tinker refused to interview, or some other procedural violation

13 related to Tinker’s witness interview, plaintiff’s FAC does not state a claim against Tinker.

14 However, plaintiff has adequately alleged a Fourteenth Amendment procedural due

15 process claim against defendant Balderas. Plaintiff attached documents from an entirely different

16 disciplinary hearing conducted by Balderas on February 16, 2025,5 showing that plaintiff asked

17 Balderas to interview witnesses Straight, Oliphant, and Hernandez. ECF No. 1 at 7. Balderas’

18 report reflects that request but does not indicate whether the witnesses were interviewed.

19 Therefore, accepting the allegations as true, plaintiff has minimally alleged that defendant

20 Balderas did not honor his request to present witnesses at this separate disciplinary hearing.

21 II. Options From Which to Choose

22 After conducting the screening required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a), the court finds that

23 plaintiff has adequately stated a valid First and Fourteenth Amendment denial of access to the

24 courts claim against defendant Cemo and a valid Fourteenth Amendment procedural due process

25 claim against defendant Balderas. However, the allegations in the FAC are not sufficient to state

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27 5 Per the attachments, defendant Balderas conducted a hearing on disciplinary report No. 204460

at plaintiff’s cell at 1100 hours. ECF No. 1 at 7-8. Defendant Tinker conducted a disciplinary

28 hearing on a separate report, No. 204462, later that same evening at 1915 hours. Id. at 10.

1 any claim for relief against defendants Eslick or Tinker. The FAC also fails to allege a

2 Fourteenth Amendment violation regarding the allegedly false disciplinary reports.

3 It appears to the undersigned that plaintiff may be able to allege facts to fix these

4 problems. Therefore, plaintiff has the option of filing an amended complaint. After selecting an

5 option from the two options listed below, plaintiff must return the attached Notice of Election

6 form to the court within 21 days from the date of this order.

7 Option No. 1: The first option available to plaintiff is to proceed immediately against

8 defendant Cemo on the First and Fourteenth Amendment denial of access to the courts claim and

9 against defendant Balderas on the Fourteenth Amendment procedural due process violation. By

10 choosing this option, plaintiff will be agreeing to voluntarily dismiss defendants Eslick and

11 Tinker. The court will then direct plaintiff to complete the paperwork necessary for the U.S.

12 Marshal service to serve defendants Cemo and Balderas.

13 Option No. 2: The second option available to plaintiff is to file an amended complaint to

14 fix the problems described above against defendants Eslick, Tinker, and Cemo (regarding the

15 false disciplinary charge claim only). If plaintiff chooses this option, the court will set a deadline

16 in a subsequent order to give plaintiff time to file an amended complaint.

17 If plaintiff chooses to file an amended complaint, he must demonstrate how the

18 circumstnaces about which he complains resulted in a deprivation of his constitutional rights.

19 Rizzo, 423 U.S. at 370-71. Also, the complaint must specifically identify how each named

20 defendant is involved. Arnold v. Int’l Bus. Machs. Corp., 637 F.2d 1350, 1355 (9th Cir. 1981).

21 There can be no liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 unless there is some affirmative link or

22 connection between a defendant’s actions and the claimed deprivation. Id.; Johnson, 588 F.2d at

23 743. Furthermore, “[v]ague and conclusory allegations of official participation in civil rights

24 violations are not sufficient.” Ivey v. Bd. of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982) (citations

25 omitted).

26 CONCLUSION

27 In accordance with the above, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:

28 1. Plaintiff’s request for leave to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 7) is GRANTED.

] 2. Plaintiff is obligated to pay the statutory filing fee of $350.00 for this action. Plaintiff

2 || is assessed an initial partial filing fee in accordance with the provisions of 28 U.S.C. §

3 || 1915(b)(1). All fees shall be collected and paid in accordance with this court’s order to the

4 || appropriate agency filed concurrently herewith.

5 3. Plaintiffs claims against defendants Eslick and Tinker, as well as his false disciplinary

6 || charge claim against defendant Cemo, do not state claims for which relief can be granted.

7 4. Plaintiff has the option to proceed immediately on his First and Fourteenth

8 | Amendment denial of access to the courts claim against defendant Cemo and his Fourteenth

9 || Amendment procedural due process claim against defendant Balderas as set forth above, or to file

10 | an amended complaint.

11 5. Within thirty (30) days from the date of this order, plaintiff shall complete and return

12 | the attached Notice of Election form notifying the court whether he wants to proceed on the

13 || screened complaint or whether he wants to file an amended complaint.

14 6. If plaintiff does not return the form, the court will assume that he is choosing to

15 || proceed on the FAC as screened and will recommend dismissal without prejudice of defendants

16 | Eslick, Tinker, and the false disciplinary charge claim against defendant Cemo.

17 | DATED: December 3, 2025

Link

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SEAN C. RIORDAN

20 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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11 MICHAEL ALAN DEAN HILL, No. 2:25-cv-00751 SCR P

12 Plaintiff,

13 v. NOTICE OF ELECTION

14 EL DORADO COUNTY, et al.,

15 Defendants.

16

17 Check one:

18 _____ Plaintiff wants to proceed immediately on his First/Fourteenth Amendment denial of court

19 access claim against defendant Cemo and his Fourteenth Amendment procedural due

20 process claim against defendant Balderas without amending the complaint. Plaintiff

21 understands that by choosing this option, the remaining defendants and claims will be

22 voluntarily dismissed without prejudice under to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a).

23

24 _____ Plaintiff wants time to file an amended complaint.

25

26 DATED:_______________________

27 Michael Alan Dean Hill, plaintiff pro se

28