Dcpp v. S.M., in the Matter of Y.B.

RECORD IMPOUNDED

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE

APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION

This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the

internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited . R. 1:36-3.

SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY

APPELLATE DIVISION

DOCKET NO. A-2711-23

NEW JERSEY DIVISION

OF CHILD PROTECTION

AND PERMANENCY,

Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

S.M. and M.B.-G.,

Defendants,

and

H.V.,

Defendant-Appellant.

________________________

IN THE MATTER OF Y.B.,

D.D.B., Ha.V., He.V., and

C.V., minors.

_________________________

Submitted September 30, 2025 – Decided October 29, 2025

Before Judges Gooden Brown and Rose.

On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey.

Chancery Division, Family Part, Union County, Docket

No. FN-20-0084-21.

Jennifer N. Sellitti, Public Defender, attorney for

appellant (Arthur David Malkin, Designated Counsel,

on the briefs).

Matthew J. Platkin, Attorney General, attorney for

respondent (Donna Arons, Assistant Attorney General,

of counsel; Mary L. Harpster, Deputy Attorney

General, on the brief).

Jennifer N. Sellitti, Public Defender, Law Guardian,

attorney for minor Y.B. (Meredith Alexis Pollock,

Deputy Public Defender, of counsel; Peter Alvino,

Designated Counsel, on the brief).

PER CURIAM

In this Title Nine action, defendant H.V. appeals from a September 26,

2022 Family Part order finding he sexually abused his seventeen-year-old

stepdaughter, Y.B. (Yasmin), made final by a March 28, 2024 order terminating

litigation filed by the Division of Child Protection and Permanency.1 Defendant

maintains, because Yasmin did not testify, he was denied his right of

confrontation. Contending Yasmin's out-of-court accusations were not properly

1

Consistent with the parties' briefs, we use initials to preserve the

confidentiality of the proceedings, R. 1:38-3(d)(12), and pseudonyms for ease

of reference.

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corroborated, defendant further argues the trial judge erroneously admitted her

statements. Lastly, defendant claims inaudible references in the transcripts of

the proceedings inhibit our review. Yasmin's law guardian joins the Division,

urging us to uphold the abuse finding. Because we conclude there was sufficient

credible evidence in the record supporting the family judge's decision, we

affirm.

I.

During the multi-day fact-finding hearing, the Division presented the

testimony of its investigator, Teresa McLaughlin, and moved into evidence

certain portions of her report. The Division also called Barry A. Katz, Ph.D.,

who was qualified as an expert in psychology without objection. Yasmin's law

guardian did not present any evidence. Defendant testified on his own behalf.

Following closing arguments, the trial judge issued a cogent oral decision,

setting forth his factual and credibility findings in view of the governing legal

principles. We summarize the facts that are pertinent to this appeal.

S.M. (Sonya) and M.B.-G. are the biological parents of Yasmin, born

December 2003, and D.D.B. (Dylan), born June 2005. At the time of the present

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offense, defendant resided with Sonya and their biological children, Ha.V., born

July 2011, He.V., born December 2012, and C.V., born May 2015.2

The allegations of abuse arose on May 19, 2021, when school officials

reported to the Division that Yasmin disclosed she left the family home in

December 2020 because defendant sexually abused her during a family party

and a few days thereafter. Yasmin claimed she told Sonya, who did not believe

her.

The following day, Yasmin gave a video-recorded statement to detectives

at the Union County Prosecutor's Office in McLaughlin's presence. Yasmin

explained, on December 17, 2020, during a party for her sister in the family

home, defendant entered Yasmin's bedroom and "touched her vagina and her

breasts over her clothes." She stated defendant whispered into her ear, "kiss

me." Yasmin reported Dylan walked into the room and defendant stopped

touching her; she then told Dylan what happened.

Yasmin stated the second incident also occurred in her bedroom. She

asserted defendant gave her "[a] peck in her mouth" and tried "to slide [his]

tongue in her mouth, but she kept her teeth locked. . . . He place[d] a finger over

2

Sonya, M.B.-G., D.D.B., Ha.V., He.V., and C.V. are not parties to this appeal.

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her lips and he kissed her again. But then she turned her head sideways."

Yasmin reported defendant stopped because Dylan again walked into the room.

Yasmin cried throughout the interview. She told the detectives she did

not come forward about the abuse sooner because she was worried about the

impact on her mother and her younger siblings.

Following Yasmin's statement to police, McLaughlin interviewed

defendant in the family home. Defendant denied the abuse. Defendant

acknowledged he "consumed eight beers," "was tipsy," and entered Yasmin's

bedroom during the party, but "[h]e denied sexually molesting her." He also

denied any misconduct during the alleged second incident. Defendant's

testimony at the hearing echoed his denials.

During McLaughlin's testimony, the Division attempted to play Yasmin's

video-recorded statement, but portions of the statement were not audible and the

Division did not provide an accompanying transcript. Accordingly, the judge

denied the Division's application to admit the statement into evidence. Instead,

the judge permitted the Division to admit McLaughlin's detailed notes of

Yasmin's statement to police, but ordered McLaughlin's return for cross-

examination.

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Dr. Katz testified about his evaluation of Yasmin on July 6 and August 2,

2021, and described in detail Yasmin's recollection of both encounters. He

found Yasmin's description of the incidents "clinically significant" because she

provided "very explicit detailed experiences" rather than "a verbal kind of story

narrative." For example, Yasmin described how the touch felt and made her

feel.

Dr. Katz further testified Yasmin reported experiencing depression, mood

swings, and difficulty sleeping following the incidents. Dr. Katz concluded

Yasmin had "symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder [(PTSD)]

relating to prior sexual abuse experiences, namely the sexual abuse that she

reported by her stepfather." On cross-examination, however, Dr. Katz

acknowledged he also evaluated Dylan who "denied everything" Yasmin alleged

about the abuse.

In his oral decision, the trial judge found the Division established

defendant abused Yasmin through her out-of-court statements as corroborated

by Dr. Katz's testimony. The judge reasoned Yasmin's "very detailed statement

to Dr. Katz about what happened" had "the ring of credibility." The judge also

cited the psychological tests administered by Dr. Katz. Citing Dr. Katz's

diagnoses, including PTSD, "anxiety from a lack of support at home," and

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"anxiety and depression from the recent sexual trauma," the judge found Dr.

Katz's opinions "provide[d] adequate corroboration of [Yasmin]'s out-of-court

statements."

Further, the judge found Yasmin's statements, as recorded in

McLaughlin's report, were "pretty credible" because Yasmin "denied her

stepfather ever was disrespectful or disrespected her prior to this incident." The

judge also found McLaughlin "testified in accordance with what she had written

in her reports." According to the judge, "the most overwhelming and persuasive

part of the evidence [was Yasmin]'s detailed statements that were copied in

detail by [McLaughlin]." The judge did not find any "small deviations in

details" to be significant. Citing defendant's testimony, the judge was persuaded

"there was a moment in time when [Yasmin] and [defendant] were not in the

company of anyone else" during the twelve-hour party.

II.

Our circumscribed standard of review of the Family Part's fact-finding

determination is well established. See N.J. Div. of Youth & Fam. Servs. v. R.D.,

207 N.J. 88, 112 (2011). On appeal from orders issued in Title Nine cases, we

accord considerable deference to the trial court's credibility determinations and

findings of fact, as long as those findings are supported by "competent, material

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and relevant evidence." N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.46(b); see also N.J. Div. of Child Prot.

& Permanency v. A.B., 231 N.J. 354, 369 (2017).

We intervene only "if the trial court's conclusions are 'clearly mistaken or

wide of the mark.'" N.J. Div. of Youth & Fam. Servs. v. L.L., 201 N.J. 210, 227

(2010) (quoting N.J. Div. of Youth & Fam. Servs. v. E.P., 196 N.J. 88, 104

(2008)). We owe no deference to the trial court's legal conclusions, which we

review de novo. N.J. Div. of Child Prot. & Permanency v. V.E., 448 N.J. Super.

374, 384 (App. Div. 2017).

Title Nine cases are fact sensitive, and the trial court should "base its

findings on the totality of circumstances." N.J. Div. of Youth & Fam. Servs. v.

V.T., 423 N.J. Super. 320, 329 (App. Div. 2011). Notably, the Title Nine proof

standard is less stringent than in guardianship cases for the termination of

parental rights, which instead must be proven by clear and convincing evidence.

R.D., 207 N.J. at 113.

Pertinent to this appeal, an "[a]bused child" under Title Nine "means a

child under the age of 18 years whose parent, guardian, or other person having

his [or her] custody and control . . . [c]ommits or allows to be committed an act

of sexual abuse against the child." N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.9; see also N.J.S.A. 9:6-

8.21(c)(3). "Sexual abuse" is defined as "contacts or actions between a child

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and a parent or caretaker for the purpose of sexual stimulation of either that

person or another person." N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.84. Relevant here, sexual abuse

includes, but is not limited to: "the employment, use, persuasion, inducement,

enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in . . . any sexually explicit

conduct or simulation of such conduct"; "sexual conduct including molestation";

and "sexual contact as defined in N.J.S.[A.] 2C:14-1 and a prohibited sexual act

as defined in N.J.S.[A.] 2C:24-4." N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.84(a) to (c).

In turn, N.J.S.A. 2C:14-1 defines "[s]exual contact" as "intentional

touching by the victim or actor, either directly or through clothing, of the

victim's or actor's intimate parts for the purpose of degrading or humiliating the

victim or sexually arousing or sexually gratifying the actor." Further, N.J.S.A.

2C:24-4 defines a "[p]rohibited sexual act" as "[a]ny act of sexual penetration

or sexual contact as defined in N.J.S.[A.]:2C:14-1."3

3

Although a kiss is not listed among the enumerated prohibited acts under

N.J.S.A. 2C:24-4, a kiss may support a finding of sexual abuse if the kiss was

for the purpose of sexual stimulation or arousal. See N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.84.

Defendant does not expressly challenge the second incident as failing to meet

the statutory requirements and, as such, we need not decide the issue. We note

only the judge credited Yasmin's statement that defendant touched her vagina

and breasts during the first incident – and a single incident is sufficient for an

abuse or neglect finding.

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Under N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.46(a)(4), "previous statements made by the child

relating to any allegations of abuse or neglect shall be admissible in evidence;

provided, however, that no such statement, if uncorroborated, shall be sufficient

to make a fact finding of abuse or neglect." Accordingly, "a child's hearsay

statement may be admitted into evidence, but may not be the sole basis for a

finding of abuse or neglect." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. P.W.R., 205

N.J. 17, 33 (2011).

Corroboration of a child's hearsay statement pursuant to N.J.S.A. 9:6 -

8.46(a)(4) requires "[s]ome direct or circumstantial evidence beyond the child's

statement itself." N.J. Div. of Child Prot. & Permanency v. N.B., 452 N.J.

Super. 513, 522 (App. Div. 2017). Corroboration can be established by varied

means. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. Z.P.R., 351 N.J. Super. 427, 435-

36 (App. Div. 2002). We have observed the "most effective types of

corroborative evidence may be eyewitness testimony, a confession, an

admission or medical or scientific evidence." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family

Servs. v. L.A., 357 N.J. Super. 155, 166 (App. Div. 2003). Because there often

is no direct physical or testimonial evidence to support a child's statements ,

however, corroborative evidence may be circumstantial. See Z.P.R., 351 N.J.

Super. at 436.

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The proofs adduced before the trial judge sufficiently met these well-

established standards. In his well-reasoned decision, the judge properly found

Dr. Katz's opinions sufficiently corroborated Yasmin's out-of-court statements.

Dr. Katz testified Yasmin suffered from PTSD, anxiety, and depression related

to sexual trauma. We have long recognized a psychologist's expert opinion can

corroborate a child's allegations of abuse. See N.J. Div. of Child Prot. &

Permanency v. I.B., 441 N.J. Super. 585, 591-92 (App. Div. 2015); see also

Z.P.R., 441 N.J. Super. at 439.

In reaching our conclusion, we reject defendant's reliance on our decisions

in New Jersey Division of Child Protection & Permanency v. N.B., 452 N.J.

Super. 513, (App. Div. 2017), and New Jersey Division of Child Protection &

Permanency v. J.D., 447 N.J. Super. 337 (App. Div. 2016). In N.B., we found

insufficient evidence of corroboration, in part because the psychologist's report

stating the child suffered from PTSD as a result of the alleged abuse or neglect

constituted inadmissible hearsay under N.J.R.E. 808. 452 N.J. Super. at 523-

26. Similarly, in J.D., we cautioned documentary evidence in lieu of testimony

"fails to allow the judge to resolve disputed issues or make credibility

determinations." 447 N.J. Super. at 353.

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Unlike the psychologist in N.B., see 452 N.J. Super. at 520, however, Dr.

Katz testified at the hearing and was subjected to cross-examination. Similarly,

unlike the "'trial on the papers'" in J.D., see 447 N.J. Super. at 341, Dr. Katz and

McLaughlin testified at the hearing about Yasmin's allegations of abuse. We

therefore conclude, as did the trial judge, Dr. Katz's assessment was not

inadmissible hearsay and sufficiently corroborated Yasmin's account.

We also reject defendant's contention he was denied his right to

confrontation because Yasmin did not testify at the hearing. Defendant's

reliance on our decision in New Jersey Division of Child Protection &

Permanency v. C.W., 435 N.J. Super. 130 (App. Div. 2014) is misplaced. Unlike

the present matter, in C.W., we considered the admission of the child's in camera

testimony. Id. at 140-41. We held in a protective services action, "filed pursuant

to N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.21, when a defendant objects to utilizing an alternative to the

child's in-court testimony, the judge must adhere to the statutory procedures

outlined in N.J.S.A. 2A:84A-32.4, prior to allowing in camera testimony of a

child witness." Id. at 135 (emphasis added).

In doing so, in C.W., we recognized "due process guarantees civil litigants

a measure of confrontation," even though the Sixth Amendment is inapplicable

in civil proceedings. Id. at 142. (quoting A.B. v. Y.Z., 184 N.J. 599, 604

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(2005)). Notably, we reiterated an abuse or neglect "finding cannot be based

solely on 'previous statements made by the child relating to any allegation of

abuse or neglect,' without further corroboration." Id. at 145-46 (quoting

N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.46(a)(4)).

We conclude the judge's finding that Yasmin's statements were

sufficiently corroborated was supported by his sound assessment that they were

reliable and trustworthy accounts of the abuse Yasmin alleged against

defendant. Because Yasmin's statements were sufficiently corroborated, they

were properly admitted under N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.46(a)(4), and did not deny

defendant his right to confrontation.

Little need be said regarding defendant's argument that technical audio

problems with the proceedings resulted in an incomplete transcript, hindering

appellate review. Well-settled principles guide our review.

"The complete transcript is of crucial importance for a meaningful review

to both the appellate court and to new counsel on appeal." State v. Paduani, 307

N.J. Super. 134, 141 (App. Div. 1998) (quoting State v. Green, 129 N.J. Super.

157, 166 (App. Div. 1974)). To ensure due process and fairness when a

proceeding's verbatim record is inadequate, the parties and the judge may

"reconstruct the record in a manner sufficient to provide a reasonable assurance

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of accuracy and completeness." State v. Bishop, 350 N.J. Super. 335, 347 (App.

Div. 2002). The party who contends the record is incomplete has the burden to

assist the judge in making the record complete. Id. at 348. However, when there

is no indication defendant did so, he cannot now complain on appeal. See, e.g.,

State v. A.R., 213 N.J. 542, 561 (2013) ("Under [the invited error rule], trial

errors that 'were induced, encouraged or acquiesced in or consented to by

defense counsel ordinarily are not a basis for reversal on appeal'" (quoting State

v. Corsaro, 107 N.J. 339, 345 (1987))).

In the present matter, defendant did not move for a remand to complete

the record he now finds objectionable. In his merits brief, defendant does not

identify any omissions that prejudiced his ability to raise or argue issues on

appeal. Nor do the inaudible portions of the transcripts preclude our review.

The transcript of the judge's decision does not contain any inaudible gaps and is

fully understandable.

Applying our limited scope of review and well-established legal

standards, we are satisfied there was competent, credible evidence in the record

to support the judge's finding defendant abused Yasmin within the meaning of

N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.21(c)(3).

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To the extent not addressed, defendant's remaining contentions lack

sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

Affirmed.

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