The opinion
In the United States Court of Federal Claims
No. 25-1504
Filed: September 22, 2025
________________________________________
)
GILEAD MUTAVA, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. )
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THE UNITED STATES, )
)
Defendant. )
________________________________________ )
OPINION AND ORDER
Although difficult to understand, Gilead Mutava appears to assert that he filed cases
against the United States in a court in Kenya and the International Court of Justice. ECF No. 9 at
4-8. 1 He asserts that the United States defaulted in both. Id. Plaintiff seeks more than $500
billion from the United States based on the defaults. Id. at 4. Because Plaintiff seeks to proceed
in forma pauperis, ECF No. 2, the court must review the complaint to determine if it states a
claim or seeks damages from one that is immune. 28 U.S.C. § 1915.
In the complaint, Plaintiff refers to cases he filed in the district courts for the District of
Columbia, the Eastern District of Virginia, and the Southern District of New York. ECF No. 9 at
4, 6-8. Although the court could not locate any filing Plaintiff made in the Eastern District of
Virginia, the court reviewed Plaintiff’s filings in the District of Columbia and the Southern
District of New York. In those courts, Plaintiff filed complaints that are materially identical to
the one filed in this court.
Plaintiff filed his complaint in the D.C. District Court on August 6, 2025, and amended
his complaint on August 12, 2025. First Amended Complaint, Mutava v. United States, No. 25-
cv-2567-UNA (Aug. 12, 2025), ECF No. 4. He also filed his complaint in the Southern District
of New York on August 6, 2025; that court’s docket does not indicate any amended complaint.
Complaint, Mutava v. United States, No. 25-cv-6594-LTS (Aug. 6, 2025), ECF No. 1. Both
complaints were pending when Plaintiff filed this case on September 10, 2025. ECF No. 1. 2
1
Because the complaint does not include numbered paragraphs, the court cites to the pagination
in the ECF header.
2
In the complaint, Plaintiff claims to have been sending his “legal proceedings” to the court’s
CM/ECF helpdesk email. ECF No. 1 at 1. The undersigned has not been able to verify those
28 U.S.C. § 1500 removes this court’s jurisdiction if the plaintiff had a pending claim
against the United States in another court when the plaintiff filed the complaint in this court. To
determine whether Section 1500 removes this court’s jurisdiction, the court must determine: “(1)
whether there is an earlier-filed ‘suit or process’ pending in another court, and, if so, (2) whether
the claims asserted in the earlier-filed case are ‘for or in respect to’ the same claim(s) asserted in
the later-filed Court of Federal Claims action.” Brandt v. United States, 710 F.3d 1369, 1374
(Fed. Cir. 2013) (cleaned up). If the answer to both steps of the inquiry is affirmative, then this
court does not have jurisdiction. Id.
As explained above, Plaintiff had two earlier-filed cases pending in two district courts
when he filed this case on September 10, 2025. Because those cases remained pending when
Plaintiff filed this case, Brandt’s first inquiry is answered in the affirmative.
The two district court cases are also for the same claim as presented here. The Supreme
Court has established two tests for this court to apply—(1) whether the cases are based on the
same act or contract, and (2) whether they are based on the same set of operative facts. United
States v. Tohono O’Odham Nation, 563 U.S. 307, 316 (2011). Here, the fact that Plaintiff filed a
complaint in this court that was materially the same as those previously filed in the two district
courts readily satisfies either test under Tohono O’Odham. Thus, Brandt’s second inquiry is also
answered in the affirmative.
Because Plaintiff filed two earlier actions whose claims are for the same claims asserted
here, this court lacks jurisdiction to hear this case. Therefore, the court DISMISSES this case
for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. The court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion to proceed in
forma pauperis, ECF No. 2. The Clerk’s Office is directed to enter judgment accordingly.
It is so ORDERED.
s/ Edward H. Meyers
Edward H. Meyers
Judge
submissions. The Clerk’s Office, however, sends a response to such emails erroneously sent to
the CM/ECF helpdesk email directing the sender to the court’s rules and website for information
on properly filing documents with the court. And this court’s rules clearly state that a pro se
plaintiff wishing to file a complaint in this court via email must send that complaint to
prose_case_filings@cfc.uscourts.gov. RCFC App’x E ¶ 9(b)(i). Similarly, the Clerk’s Office’s
online instructions also direct pro se litigants to use the proper email for filings. United States
Court of Federal Claims, A Guide for Self-Representation 9, 24 (last updated Dec. 2023),
https://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/cfc/files/pro_se_guidebook.pdf.
2