Juniper Institute, LLC v. Deschutes County

674 July 9, 2025 No. 609

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE

STATE OF OREGON

JUNIPER INSTITUTE, LLC,

Respondent,

v.

DESCHUTES COUNTY,

Petitioner,

and

Carey BRENNAN

and Pronghorn Community Association,

Intervenors-Respondents below.

Land Use Board of Appeals

2024077; A186996

Argued and submitted May 9, 2025.

Stephanie Marshall argued the cause and filed the brief

for petitioner.

Alex J. Berger argued the cause for respondent. Also on

the brief was Emerge Law Group.

Kevin Jacoby and Harrang Long, P.C., filed the brief

amicus curiae for Cannabis Industry Alliance of Oregon,

Inc.

Before Ortega, Presiding Judge, Hellman, Judge, and

O’Connor, Judge.

ORTEGA, P. J.

Reversed and remanded.

Cite as 341 Or App 674 (2025) 675

676 Juniper Institute, LLC v. Deschutes County

ORTEGA, P. J.

Deschutes County seeks judicial review of a Land

Use Board of Appeals (LUBA) order that reversed its denial

of a conditional use permit (CUP) to Juniper Institute, LLC.

Juniper sought to establish and operate a psilocybin services

center within Juniper Preserve, a destination resort, which is

accessed through Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land

under a right-of-way agreement (the BLM ROW). The county

denied the CUP based on its determination that Juniper had

not demonstrated that the site was suitable based on the

adequacy of transportation access, as required by Deschutes

County Code (DCC) 18.128.015(A)(2), because it is illegal to

transport psilocybin across federal land and the BLM ROW

did not otherwise allow such transport. LUBA reversed and

directed the county to approve the CUP. The county seeks

review of LUBA’s decision, raising six assignments of error.

We do not address the merits of the county’s first

and sixth assignments of error, neither of which was suffi-

ciently preserved below.1 We also do not address the coun-

ty’s fourth assignment of error, because our disposition on

the other assignments obviates the need to do so.2 As to the

county’s remaining three assignments of error, we conclude

that LUBA’s order is unlawful in substance, ORS 197.850

(9)(a). In brief, we conclude that (1) the county’s construction

of DCC 18.128.015(A)(2) was plausible, (2) the county did not

exceed its authority under the Oregon Psilocybin Services

Act in denying the CUP, and (3) LUBA erred in concluding

that Juniper was entitled to a CUP as a matter of law because

that conclusion improperly relieved Juniper of the burden of

proof it bore to demonstrate that it met the criteria in DCC

18.128.015(A)(2). Accordingly, we reverse and remand.

1

In its first assignment of error, the county argues that LUBA “fail[ed] to

accord the [c]ounty’s denial of a CUP application the presumption of regularity

accorded such decisions under Oregon law.” In its sixth assignment, the county

asserts that LUBA’s order requiring it to issue the CUP is unconstitutional

because it creates a direct conflict between state and federal law, such that state

law would be preempted. Amicus curiae Cannabis Industry Alliance of Oregon,

Inc. submitted argument in support of Juniper, responding only to the county’s

sixth assignment of error.

2

In its fourth assignment of error, the county argues that Juniper had

waived its argument that the county denied the CUP based on federal law and,

thus, LUBA erred in considering it.

Cite as 341 Or App 674 (2025) 677

I. BACKGROUND

Under the Oregon Psilocybin Services Act, ORS

475A.210 to 475A.722, persons licensed by the Oregon Health

Authority may provide psilocybin services to persons 21

years of age and older. The act provides that cities or counties

“may adopt ordinances that impose reasonable regulations

on the operation of businesses located at premises for which

a license has been issued” under the act. ORS 475A.530(2).

“Reasonable regulations” include reasonable limitations on

where a premises for psilocybin services may be located.

ORS 475A.530(1)(e). The county has adopted provisions

governing the location of psilocybin services centers in the

county, including, as relevant here, DCC 18.113.030(D)(7),

which authorizes licensed psilocybin services centers in a

destination resort, subject to the conditional use criteria in

DCC 18.128.015.3 The burden is on the applicant to demon-

strate that the conditional use criteria are satisfied. DCC

22.24.050 (burden of proof for land use proceedings); DCC

18.128.010(A) (providing that standards in DCC, Title 22

apply to a conditional use in DCC, Title 18).

In this case, Juniper sought approval from the

county for a CUP and site plan review to establish a psilo-

cybin services center within a destination resort. The resort

is private property that is surrounded by federal public land

managed by the BLM. The access for the resort crosses that

public land and is governed by the BLM ROW. As relevant

3

DCC 18.128.015 provides:

“Except for those conditional uses permitting individual single-unit

dwellings, conditional uses shall comply with the following standards in

addition to the standards of the zone in which the conditional use is located

and any other applicable standards of the chapter:

“A. The site under consideration shall be determined to be suitable for

the proposed use based on the following factors:

“1. Site, design, and operating characteristics of the use;

“2. Adequacy of transportation access to the site; and

“3. The natural and physical features of the site, including, but not lim-

ited to, general topography, natural hazards, and natural resource values.

“B. The proposed use shall be compatible with existing and projected uses

on surrounding properties based on the factors listed in DCC 18.128.015(A).

“C. These standards and any other standards of DCC 18.128 may be met

by the imposition of conditions calculated to ensure that the standard will be

met.”

678 Juniper Institute, LLC v. Deschutes County

here, the BLM ROW contains the following terms and

conditions:

“a. This grant is issued subject to the holder’s compliance

with all applicable regulations contained in Title 43 Code

of Federal Regulations part 2800.

“* * * * *

“e. Failure of the holder to comply with applicable law or

any provision of this right-of-way grant shall constitute

grounds for suspension or termination thereof.”

After a hearing, the county hearings officer denied

Juniper’s application for a CUP. The hearings officer first

determined that “the BLM ROW is part of the access to the

site that must be considered.” The hearings officer also found

that, if a component of the proposed transportation access—

specifically, transporting psilocybin across the BLM ROW—

could not be used for that purpose, then the entirety of the

transportation access is inadequate. The hearings officer

then found and concluded the following as to the conditional

use criteria of transportation access:

“I agree with the Applicant that a land use approval is

typically not the correct venue for resolving the rights of

parties to a specific agreement. But such an exercise is not

necessary here. Instead, the Hearings Officer must look to

the evidence in the record and make findings based on the

preponderance of the evidence in the record to determine if

a criterion is satisfied. The evidence in this record is that:

(1) use of the BLM ROW requires compliance with federal

law; (2) federal law prohibits transportation of psilocybin

across federal lands; and (3) the Applicant intends to use

transportation access to the site across federal land to

transport psilocybin. The Applicant acknowledges that

its proposed use is not allowed by the express terms of the

BLM ROW. Whether or not BLM ultimately enforces the

requirements of the BLM ROW is therefore not relevant;

on the face of the documents alone, the Applicant has not

established that it can do what it proposes to do. * * *

“Based on the foregoing, I find that the Applicant has not

met its burden of demonstrating that the site is suitable

for the proposed use pursuant to the transportation access

factor of DCC 18.128.015(A)(2).”

Cite as 341 Or App 674 (2025) 679

Juniper appealed that decision to the Deschutes

County Board of Commissioners, which conducted a lim-

ited de novo hearing of the matter. The county adopted the

hearings officer’s interpretation of the DCC, determined

that Juniper had not met its burden of proof, and denied

Juniper’s application for the CUP. The county determined as

follows:

“The Board adopts the Hearings Officer’s findings regard-

ing suitability of the site as it pertains to transportation

access. In this case, the subject property and the entire

destination resort is accessed via an easement across

Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land. Lisa Clark,

Field Manager with the BLM, submitted comments dated

July 11, 2024, that state psilocybin cannot be transported

across federal land. The Board reviewed additional testi-

mony and arguments that were submitted and upholds the

Hearings Officer’s denial of the subject application on the

basis that DCC 18.128.015(A)(2) has not been satisfied.”

Juniper sought review by LUBA, raising four

assignments of error: (1) the county “misinterpret[ed] DCC

18.128.015(A)(2) to constitute a mandatory approval stan-

dard and further misinterpreted the geographic and sub-

ject scope of that provision”; (2) the county “improperly

bas[ed] its denial on factually incorrect findings and [the

county] lacks legal authority upon remand to interpret a pri-

vate agreement to clarify the factually incorrect findings”;

(3) the county erred “because under the [c]ounty’s interpre-

tation of [DCC 18.128.015(A)(2)], adequate transportation

access nevertheless exists”; and (4) the county “exceed[ed]

its authority to apply federal law to deny the [a]pplication,

which exceeds the [c]ounty’s discretion and which is prohib-

ited as a matter of law.” LUBA addressed Juniper’s second,

first, and fourth assignments and reversed the county’s deci-

sion denying Juniper’s application for a CUP and directed

the county to issue the CUP.

Starting with Juniper’s second assignment of

error, LUBA determined that two of the county’s findings

were not supported by substantial evidence. First was the

county finding that Juniper “acknowledges that its proposed

use is not allowed by the express terms of the BLM ROW.”

LUBA concluded that the statements made by Juniper “are

680 Juniper Institute, LLC v. Deschutes County

not evidence that a reasonable person would find equate

to an admission by [Juniper] that the BLM ROW prohibits

transportation of psilocybin.” Second was the county finding

that “on the face of the documents alone, [Juniper] has not

established that it can do what it proposes to do.” LUBA con-

cluded that the BLM ROW is ambiguous as to what consti-

tutes “applicable law” to the BLM ROW, with regard to psi-

locybin transport or the federal Controlled Substances Act.

As a result, LUBA concluded that “we agree with [Juniper]

that the county’s finding that the BLM ROW on its face

unambiguously prohibits the proposed use is not supported

by substantial evidence or substantial reason.”

Next, addressing Juniper’s first assignment of

error, LUBA concluded that the county misconstrued DCC

18.128.015(A)(2) in part. Applying deference to the coun-

ty’s interpretation, LUBA determined that it was plausible

in three respects: it is a mandatory approval standard, it

permits looking beyond immediate site access to the larger

transportation connection, and “access” includes the legal

right to cross between public and private property. However,

LUBA concluded that the county erred by construing

“access” to regulate transportation of psilocybin, because

the code definition of “access” refers only to the movement

of pedestrians and vehicles, and not to objects transported

in the vehicles. LUBA stated that “[w]hether vehicles that

access the site contain objects that violate federal law or

the BLM ROW is not plausibly governed by DCC 18.128.015

(A)(2)[.]”

Finally, addressing Juniper’s fourth assignment,

LUBA concluded that the county exceeded its authority in

denying the application. LUBA concluded that “the county’s

interpretation of DCC 18.128.015(A)(2) as prohibiting psi-

locybin transport across federal land constitutes an unrea-

sonable limitation on where a licensed psilocybin business

‘may be located,’ ” in violation of ORS 475A.530. LUBA deter-

mined that the county looked beyond the facts of the case

to broader questions of access on federal property, and that

the county’s application of the federal Controlled Substances

Act to deny the application was improper because that act

is not a land use regulation. Additionally, LUBA rejected

Cite as 341 Or App 674 (2025) 681

the county’s argument that it was not relying on federal

law. LUBA stated that “either the county impermissibly

applied the federal Controlled Substances Act, based on the

interpretations provided by the BLM employees * * *, or the

county impermissibly relied on its own interpretation of the

BLM ROW grant, which, as we explain above, is ambiguous

and disputed.”

LUBA concluded:

“The [county] board’s only basis for denying the appli-

cations relies on an implausible construction of DCC

18.128.015(A)(2) and the federal Controlled Substances Act,

which is not a land use standard. The board concluded that

all other applicable criteria were satisfied, with conditions.

The county has not identified any applicable standards that

would require further review. Thus, the ‘decision is outside

the range of discretion allowed the local government under

its comprehensive plan and implementing ordinances’ and

reversal with an order to approve is the appropriate rem-

edy. ORS 197.835(10)(a)(A).”

The county now seeks judicial review, raising six

assignments of error. We address the county’s third, fifth,

and second assignments below.

II. ANALYSIS

A. The County’s Interpretation of DCC 18.128.015(A)(2)

We begin with the county’s third assignment of error.

The county argues that LUBA erred in concluding that the

county’s interpretation of “access” in DCC 18.128.015(A)(2)

was implausible and in substituting its own interpretation.

LUBA may reject the county’s interpretation of its

own land use regulations only if the county’s interpretation

is “inconsistent with the express language of” the regu-

lation, “inconsistent with the purpose for” the regulation,

“inconsistent with the underlying policy that provides the

basis for” the regulation, or it is “contrary to a state statute,

land use goal[,] or rule that the [regulation] implements.”

ORS 197.829(1). We, and LUBA, must defer to the county’s

interpretation of its regulations, if that interpretation “plau-

sibly accounts for the text and context” of the provision.

Siporen v. City of Medford, 349 Or 247, 262, 243 P3d 776

682 Juniper Institute, LLC v. Deschutes County

(2010). That “a stronger or more logical interpretation exists

does not make a local government’s interpretation implau-

sible.” Gould v. Deschutes County, 272 Or App 666, 675, 362

P3d 679 (2015). We determine whether the county’s inter-

pretation is plausible using the interpretive principles that

ordinarily apply to the construction of ordinances, as pro-

vided in State v. Gaines, 346 Or 160, 171-72, 206 P3d 1042

(2009). See, e.g., Botts Marsh LLC v. City of Wheeler, 326 Or

App 215, 228, 532 P3d 544 (2023).

The regulation at issue here is DCC 18.128.015(A)(2),

which provides:

“Except for those conditional uses permitting individual

single-unit dwellings, conditional uses shall comply with

the following standards in addition to the standards of the

zone in which the conditional use is located and any other

applicable standards of the chapter:

“A. The site under consideration shall be determined

to be suitable for the proposed use based on the following

factors:

“* * * * *

“2. Adequacy of transportation access to the site[.]”

In addition, under DCC 18.04.030, “access” is defined as “the

right to cross between public and private property allowing

pedestrians and vehicles to enter and leave property.”

The county interpreted the transportation access

criteria, for purposes of Juniper’s CUP application for a psi-

locybin services center, to allow it to consider that the BLM

ROW requires compliance with federal law, “federal law pro-

hibits the transportation of psilocybin across federal lands,”

and that Juniper “intends to use transportation access to

the site across federal land to transport psilocybin.” LUBA

concluded that was an implausible interpretation because

the definition of “access” refers only to the movement of

pedestrians and vehicles, and not to objects transported in

the vehicles. That conclusion was erroneous.4

4

To the extent LUBA’s analysis was based on its view that the county was

interpreting DCC 18.128.015(A)(2) to regulate the transportation of psilocybin,

we also reject that analysis because it is not an accurate description of the coun-

ty’s interpretation.

Cite as 341 Or App 674 (2025) 683

The conditional use provision provides that the

factors, including adequacy of transportation access, are to

be used to determine whether the site is “suitable for the

proposed use.” DCC 18.128.015(A). Thus, the adequacy of

transportation access to the site must take into account the

proposed use at issue—here, a psilocybin services center to

which Juniper will transport psilocybin. In addition, the

definition of “access” is “the right to cross between public

and private property allowing pedestrians and vehicles to

enter and leave property.” DCC 18.04.030 (emphasis added).

LUBA narrowed its focus to the use of the words “pedestri-

ans and vehicles” in that definition. However, the focus of

the definition itself is on “the right to cross between pub-

lic and private property.” The “right” in that definition, in

the context of the transportation access criteria, plausibly

includes the legal right to use the access for the proposed

conditional use, given that DCC 18.128.015(A) requires the

county to consider the adequacy of the transportation access

in the context of the proposed use. The county’s interpre-

tation plausibly accounts for all of the express language in

the applicable provisions, and LUBA’s order was “unlawful

in substance” in failing to defer to that interpretation as

required under ORS 197.829(1).

B. County Authority under the Oregon Psilocybin Services

Act

Next, we address the county’s fifth assignment of

error. The county argues that LUBA erred in concluding

that the county’s interpretation of DCC 18.128.015(A)(2) was

an unreasonable limitation on psilocybin business, under

ORS 475A.530.5 We review LUBA’s construction of a stat-

ute for legal error, Roberts v. City of Cannon Beach, 334 Or

App 762, 770, 557 P3d 1143 (2024). We conclude that LUBA

5

We reject Juniper’s argument that the county failed to preserve its fifth

assignment of error. We acknowledge that the county’s argument includes cita-

tions to provisions in the Oregon Psilocybin Services Act that were not presented

below to LUBA in responding to Juniper’s argument that the county’s regulation

was unreasonable because it applied federal law. However, preservation is not

dependent upon making particular citations. The county did adequately preserve

its argument that it was not applying federal law and that the Oregon Psilocybin

Services Act allowed the county to consider both the undisputed evidence that

psilocybin cannot be legally transported across federal land and the express

terms of the BLM ROW.

684 Juniper Institute, LLC v. Deschutes County

erred in its construction, primarily on the basis of our above

analysis which undercuts LUBA’s reasoning.

Under ORS 475A.530(2), “the governing body of a

city or county may adopt ordinances that impose reason-

able regulations on the operation of businesses located at

premises for which a license has been issued under ORS

475A.210 to 475A.722[.]” As relevant here, “[r]easonable reg-

ulations” include “[r]easonable limitations on where a prem-

ises for which a license may be issued under ORS 475A.210

to 475A.722 may be located.” ORS 475A.530(1)(e).

In its order, LUBA concluded that “the county’s

interpretation of DCC 18.128.015(A)(2) as prohibiting psi-

locybin transport across federal land constitutes an unrea-

sonable limitation on where a licensed psilocybin business

‘may be located.’ ” LUBA determined that the county looked

beyond the facts of the case and either improperly applied

the federal Controlled Substances Act to its land use deci-

sion, when that act is not a land use regulation, or it improp-

erly relied on its own interpretation of the BLM ROW, which

was ambiguous as to what law applied to it.

We conclude that LUBA erred, primarily because

LUBA’s analysis mischaracterizes the county’s interpre-

tation of DCC 18.128.015(A)(2), which we have addressed

above. As explained, in the context of Juniper’s proposed use,

the county interpreted DCC 18.128.015(A)(2) as permitting

it to consider the evidence in the record that the BLM ROW

requires compliance with federal law, that “federal law pro-

hibits the transportation of psilocybin across federal lands,”

and that Juniper “intends to use transportation access to

the site across federal land to transport psilocybin.” The

county was not applying the federal Controlled Substances

Act to its regulation or interpreting its regulation to pro-

hibit transport of psilocybin across federal land; it was eval-

uating the CUP application based on the record before it.

Juniper’s proposed use included transportation of psilocybin

to the site and Juniper was relying on the BLM ROW as the

means to meet its burden to satisfy the transportation access

requirement. The county found, based on the evidence in

the record, that psilocybin could not be legally transported

across federal land and the face of the BLM ROW did not

Cite as 341 Or App 674 (2025) 685

expressly permit it. As a result, the county denied the CUP

based on Juniper’s failure to meet its burden to demonstrate

that it met the transportation access requirement in DCC

18.128.015(A)(2).

Contrary to LUBA’s conclusions, the line of reason-

ing adopted by the county did not look outside the record,

did not apply the federal Controlled Substances Act to its

land use decision, and was not based on an interpretation

of an ambiguity in the BLM ROW.6 As a result, we conclude

that LUBA’s order was “unlawful in substance.”

C. LUBA’s Application of the Standard of Review

We next address the county’s second assignment

of error, in which it asserts that LUBA failed to correctly

apply its standard of review in considering the county’s

denial of the CUP. Specifically, the county argues that

(1) LUBA mischaracterized the county’s findings that it then

determined were not supported by substantial evidence, and

(2) “[b]y concluding that [the BLM ROW] is ambiguous with

respect to whether it may be used to transport psilocybin,

LUBA improperly excused [Juniper] from meeting its bur-

den of proving that it did have lawful authority to do so.”

(Emphasis in original; underline omitted.)

To address the county’s argument, we must first

determine our standard of review. Ordinarily, when we

review LUBA’s consideration of whether substantial evi-

dence supports a local government’s decision, “[w]e examine

whether LUBA has applied the proper substantial-evidence

standard of review.” Stevens v. City of Island City, 260 Or

App 768, 772, 324 P3d 477 (2014). However, in addition to

applying substantial evidence review to two of the county’s

findings, LUBA went further in this case. LUBA did not

determine only that the county’s decision was not supported

6

We note that we may not construe the Oregon Psilocybin Services Act,

among other things, “[t]o prohibit a party to a federal contract * * * from prohib-

iting the manufacture, delivery, possession or use of psilocybin products to the

extent necessary to comply with the terms and conditions of the contract or to

satisfy federal requirements for the contract,” “[t]o require a person to violate a

federal law,” or “[t]o exempt a person from federal law or obstruct the enforcement

of a federal law.” ORS 475A.215(5), (6), (7). We do not construe how those provi-

sions interact with a construction of what is a reasonable regulation under ORS

475A.530, because it is unnecessary to our disposition in this case.

686 Juniper Institute, LLC v. Deschutes County

by substantial evidence and remand for further consider-

ation. Ultimately, LUBA determined that the only decision

the county could reach was that Juniper was entitled to the

CUP as a matter of law. “In such a situation, LUBA takes

up a question of law, and, consequently, in the course of con-

sidering whether LUBA’s order is ‘unlawful in substance,’

ORS 197.850(9)(a), we consider whether it ‘represents a mis-

taken application of the applicable law.’ ” Roberts, 334 Or

App at 768-69 (quoting Tylka v. Clackamas County, 330 Or

App 247, 248, 543 P3d 743 (2024)). Here, we conclude that

LUBA’s order represents a mistaken application of the law,

as explained below.

We first address the county’s argument that LUBA

mischaracterized the two findings of fact that LUBA deter-

mined were not supported by substantial evidence. With

respect to the county’s finding that, “[Juniper] acknowledges

that its proposed use is not allowed by the express terms of

the BLM ROW,” we conclude that LUBA did not mischarac-

terize that finding or err in its application of the standard of

review because the finding was about what Juniper acknowl-

edged. LUBA correctly articulated its substantial evidence

standard of review for that finding, and the county has not

persuaded us that the evidence in the record is “so at odds”

with LUBA’s evaluation that we could infer that LUBA mis-

understood or misapplied that standard with respect to that

finding.

However, we make a different evaluation with

respect to the second county finding that, “on the face of

the documents alone, [Juniper] has not established that it

can do what it proposes to do.” LUBA treated that state-

ment as a finding of fact that the BLM ROW unambiguously

prohibits the proposed use. Based on that characterization,

LUBA then determined that the finding was not supported

by substantial evidence or substantial reason because, in its

view, the BLM ROW is ambiguous as to whether the federal

Controlled Substances Act was applicable law for purposes

of that instrument. That was error in two respects.

First, whether a right-of-way grant is ambiguous is

not a finding of fact to which substantial evidence review

applies; it is a legal question. See Carroll v. Lane County, 340

Cite as 341 Or App 674 (2025) 687

Or App 514, 523, ___ P3d ___ (2025) (holding that LUBA

erred in conducting substantial evidence review of a deed,

because whether the text of a deed is ambiguous presents

a legal question); see also, e.g., Stone v. CCXL, LLC, 318

Or App 107, 122, 506 P3d 1167, rev den, 370 Or 198 (2022)

(determining whether an easement instrument is ambigu-

ous is question of law). LUBA erred in applying substantial

evidence review to that issue.

Second, and more importantly, we agree with the

county that LUBA mischaracterized the hearings officer’s

statement. In context, what the hearings officer found was

that Juniper had failed to meet its burden to prove that it

met the transportation access criteria based on the face of

the BLM ROW, which is the document that Juniper was rely-

ing on. The hearings officer was not making a factual find-

ing or legal determination about what law was definitively

incorporated into the BLM ROW; rather, the officer made

the correct legal statement that Juniper had not established

that the BLM ROW, on its face, permitted Juniper to trans-

port psilocybin across federal land. The officer did not state

that that proposed use was prohibited by the BLM ROW, as

characterized by LUBA. Thus, LUBA erred in improperly

applying substantial evidence review to a legal issue and in

concluding that the hearings officer’s statement was unsup-

ported by the face of the BLM ROW based on a mischarac-

terization of that statement.

That discussion leads us into the county’s next argu-

ment with which we also agree. LUBA failed to appropri-

ately consider in its analysis that Juniper bore the burden of

proof to demonstrate that the transportation access criteria

was satisfied. Because the county and LUBA are not appro-

priate forums to determine the meaning of an ambiguous

contract, it necessarily follows from LUBA’s determination

that the BLM ROW was ambiguous as to whether the fed-

eral Controlled Substances Act was applicable law that gov-

erned Juniper’s access under the BLM ROW that Juniper

could not meet its burden that it satisfied the transportation

access criteria in the context of its proposed use based on the

BLM ROW alone. LUBA’s conclusion that Juniper was enti-

tled to a CUP as a matter of law ignored Juniper’s burden

688 Juniper Institute, LLC v. Deschutes County

and was based on legally erroneous conclusions. As a result,

LUBA’s conclusion that Juniper was entitled to the CUP

was a “mistaken application of the applicable law.” Roberts,

334 Or App at 769.

Based on the forgoing, we reverse and remand

LUBA’s order.

Reversed and remanded.