David Cincotta v. Borough of Longport

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE

APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION

This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the

internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY

APPELLATE DIVISION

DOCKET NO. A-1390-23

DAVID CINCOTTA,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

BOROUGH OF LONGPORT,

Defendant-Respondent.

_________________________

Argued January 21, 2025 – Decided May 12, 2025

Before Judges Sabatino, Jacobs and Jablonski.

On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law

Division, Atlantic County, Docket No. L-3111-21.

Stuart J. Alterman argued the cause for appellant

(Alterman & Associates, LLC, attorneys; Stuart J.

Alterman, on the brief).

Jennifer B. Barr argued the cause for respondent

(Cooper Levenson, PA, attorneys; Jennifer B. Barr, on

the brief).

PER CURIAM

David Cincotta, a former sergeant with the Longport Police Department

("LPD"), appeals from a December 7, 2023 Law Division order sustaining the

municipality's termination of his employment. We affirm.

I.

Cincotta was employed with the Borough of Longport, a non-civil service

jurisdiction, for more than eighteen years. In 2001, he began as a dispatcher for

the LPD. In 2003, he became a police officer and was promoted to sergeant in

2016. Central to the issue on appeal is Cincotta's purported mishandling of

drugs during a traffic stop and arrest in Linwood, which ultimately resulted in

his termination from the LPD.

The record shows that in the early morning of November 11, 2019,

Cincotta responded to assist Officers Alessandro Morelli and Quinton Wright

with a motor vehicle stop. During the stop, Cincotta searched a suspect without

donning any personal protective equipment, such as gloves. He recovered a

glass tube, identified in a subsequent police report as paraphernalia "used to

smoke crack cocaine." Continuing the search, Cincotta uncovered suspected

crack cocaine, which he described in his testimony as "two or three small stones

and powder and small pieces of paper." After securing the suspect in a patrol

car, Cincotta found "a few more stone-like pieces [from] where [the passenger]

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was seated." For approximately six minutes thereafter, Cincotta continued to

manipulate the objects with ungloved hands. At Officer Wright's suggestion,

Cincotta eventually donned gloves. Arriving at the stationhouse, Cincotta

removed his gloves and consumed food "with his yet unwashed hands."

Infraction and Investigation

Later that day, Chief of Police Frank Culmone conducted a random drug

test pursuant to the Attorney General Drug Testing Policy for Law Enforcement

(the NJAG policy). Cincotta was one of four officers randomly selected for the

drug test. Pursuant to the NJAG policy, Cincotta completed an

acknowledgement form and medication sheet but failed to report exposure to

cocaine earlier in the day. He also provided a urine sample, which was sent to

the New Jersey State Police Laboratory for urinalysis. The sample yielded a

positive test result for cocaine and benzoylecgonine, a metabolite of cocaine, a

controlled dangerous substance (CDS).1 Cincotta was suspended with pay,

pending resolution of disciplinary action.

At Chief Culmone's direction, Sergeant James Silva initiated an

investigation. Silva's investigation consisted of reviewing Cincotta's toxicology

1

We take judicial notice that cocaine is a Schedule II prohibited controlled

dangerous substance pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:35-10(a)(1).

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report, incident reports prepared by Cincotta, Morelli, and Wright, as well as

applicable rules, regulations, directives, and procedures. Aside from document

review, Silva interviewed all parties involved in the chain of custody of the CDS,

including Wright and Morelli, who witnessed Cincotta's actions.

On March 1, 2020, Silva determined that Cincotta had violated several

LPD Rules and Regulations, including: 3.3.6 (performance of duty); 3.12.2

(failure to follow procedures for handling evidence); 3.3.2(R) and 3.4.3 (positive

test results of illegal drug use); and 4.1.5 (illegal drug use). Silva's report also

noted the DEA warning titled "DEA Warning to Police and Public: Fentanyl

Exposure Kills", which was incorporated into the Department Operations

Directive and signed by Cincotta on October 2, 2016. Ultimately, Silva

concluded that Cincotta's "behavior on the scene was careless, exhibited levels

of incompetence, and a lack of understanding to the real threat of exposure to

unknown chemical substances."

On March 9, 2020, Culmone served a notice of charges, informing

Cincotta that all charges against him were sustained and that he was entitled to

a departmental hearing should he so request. Cincotta requested a hearing.

Departmental Hearing

A four-day departmental hearing was conducted by Hearing Officer

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Steven Secare on various dates in May, June, and July 2021. Silva and Culmone

testified on behalf of the Borough. Cincotta testified on his own behalf and

called character witnesses and a pharmacology/toxicology expert, Dr. Harry A.

Milman, to testify on his behalf.

Culmone testified regarding technical aspects of the drug testing

procedure, adding that he "had concerns about [Cincotta's] performance,"

considering he had not submitted any performance evaluations since 2018 and

was chronically late to work. Silva testified that he conducted the internal affairs

investigation pursuant to a request from the Chief of Police and in accordance

with the requisite protocol.

In his testimony, Cincotta claimed he was unsure whether the stone-like

objects he picked up from the ground were crack cocaine. He also maintained

that his nail-biting habit may have contributed to the potential ingestion of

cocaine. He attributed any diminished work ethic to his personal life

circumstances and denied consuming any illicit substances.

Dr. Milman was called by Cincotta and qualified as an expert in the fields

of pharmacology and toxicology. The expert testified that the combined effect

of transdermal contamination, potential ingestion, and potential inhalation could

account for Cincotta's positive test results. However, in his report, Dr. Milman

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stated that the amount of cocaine entering Cincotta's system "undoubtedly was

more than it would have been had his exposure to cocaine been only by [trans]

dermal contact." On cross-examination, he conceded the amount of

benzoylecgonine in Cincotta's system was significantly higher than that found

in the urine of a narcotic criminalist, one who routinely handles cocaine as part

of their job in a narcotics laboratory.

At the conclusion of the proceeding, Hearing Officer Secare sustained all

the violations against Cincotta. Secare determined that Cincotta's defense of

accidental ingestion through transdermal absorption via gloveless exposure and

nail-biting habits were not "exempti[ve]," and concluded that the Borough

proved by a preponderance of the evidence that Cincotta tested positive for

illegal drug use.

The Borough adopted Secare's findings, generating their position in a

Final Notice of Disciplinary Action ("FDNA") sent to Cincotta. Pursuant to

N.J.S.A. 40A:14-150,2 which permits a non-civil service municipality member

to seek de novo review of a disciplinary conviction, Cincotta filed a complaint

in the Superior Court.

2

N.J.S.A. 40A:14-150 provides that "[a]ny member or officer of a police

department or force in a municipality . . . who has been tried and convicted upon

any charge or charges, may obtain a review thereof by the Superior Court . . . ."

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Law Division Review

Judge Danielle Walcoff conducted a de novo review of the evidence,

affirming the charges and discipline imposed in a memorandum of decision and

written order. The judge concluded that the language of the guidelines is

unambiguous and does not carve out exceptions for "accidental exposure or

accidental ingestion." The judge also determined she was not bound by

administrative decisions and unpublished opinions that recognized accidental

ingestion as a justification for downgrading a penalty of termination to

suspension. Finally, the judge determined termination to be a proportionate

punitive sanction, concluding:

The [c]ourt must determine whether the penalty is so

disproportionate to shock one's sense of fairness. In the

light of the entire circumstances involved in the case at

bar, the [c]ourt finds that [d]efendant established just

cause and termination is appropriate and clearly within

the appropriate range of discipline. This [c]ourt

considered [p]laintiff's admitted violation of proper

processing of evidence protocols, the nature of the

conduct and the impact of the misconduct on the public

interest and public safety, [p]laintiff's positive drug test

and the New Jersey Attorney General Guidelines. The

[c]ourt finds [d]efendant met its burden of proof by a

preponderance of all of the credible evidence.

Plaintiff's actions are not compliant with the standard

of responsibility and conduct imposed upon police

officers. The [c]ourt finds that considering all of the

circumstances, termination is an appropriate penalty.

The [c]ourt finds that [p]laintiff's disregard of the rules

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and regulations regarding the handling of evidence,

particularly in the setting of CDS, coupled with

Plaintiff's positive toxicology result, are serious and

removal is appropriate. The [c]ourt is convinced that

termination is not so disproportionate to the offenses in

light of all of the circumstances and the seriousness of

the charges revealed by the evidence; termination is not

shocking to one's sense of fairness in this specific case.

The [c]ourt finds [p]laintiff's termination to be an

appropriate penalty.

[(citing In re Herrman, 192 N.J. 19, 28-29 (2007))]

II.

On appeal, Cincotta maintains his transdermal exposure was accidental

and therefore did not run afoul of the NJAG policy. Moreover, he asserts that

because he had not consciously ingested a CDS, he had not violated the NJAG

policy. Last, Cincotta posits his discipline was improperly subjected to the

"ultimate" punishment rather than progressive discipline, and that the court

unlawfully exercised their discretion to terminate his employment.

Having reviewed the record, we affirm rejection of these arguments, all

raised below, substantially for the reasons set forth in the memorandum of

decision issued by Judge Walcoff. We add the following comments.

Appellate courts play a limited role in reviewing de novo proceedings. In

re Phillips, 117 N.J. 567, 579 (1990). Accordingly, an appellate court will affirm

the decisions of the hearing officer and the de novo trial court unless they are

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arbitrary, capricious, unreasonable, or unsupported "by substantial credible

evidence in the record as a whole." Ibid.; see also Grubb v. Borough of

Hightstown, 353 N.J. Super. 333, 353 (App. Div. 2002). Legal questions,

however, are reviewed de novo. Bowser v. Bd. of Trs., Police & Firemen's Ret.

Sys., 455 N.J. Super. 165, 170-71 (App. Div. 2018).

Accidental Ingestion Defense and NJAG Policy

The NJAG policy "mandates that officers who test positive shall be

terminated from employment" to implement its purpose of "deterring illegal

drug use by law enforcement officers." Off. of the Att'y Gen., Attorney

General's Law Enforcement Drug Testing Policy 1 (rev. Feb. 2023),

https://www.nj.gov/oag/dcj/njpdresources/pdfs/Law-Enforcement-Drug-

Testing-Policy_rev-Feb-2023.pdf. The policy provides "[e]very law

enforcement agency under the authority of the Attorney General must implement

a drug testing program consistent with this policy." Ibid. Accordingly, the LPD

adopted a regulation, which states in part "[a]ny employee who produces a

confirmed positive test result for illegal use of drugs will be . . . [d]ismissed

from employment." Longport Police Dep't Rules & Reguls. § 3.4.3. "All

members shall fully comply with the departmental drug testing policy and

procedures, and the Attorney General's Drug Testing Policy." § 3.3.2(R).

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Cincotta urges us to adopt an "accidental exposure" defense to termination

resulting from positive drug tests, which has been recognized by administrative

bodies. In re LaShauna Swinney, City of Jersey City, No. CSR 08976-10, initial

decision (Dec. 21, 2010),

njlaw.rutgers.edu/collections/oal/html/initial/csr08976-10_3.html.; In re Dennis

Turner, No. CSR 00472-22, 2022 N.J. AGEN. LEXIS 430 (June 29, 2022).

Cincotta also cites two unpublished decisions by this court, upholding the Civil

Service Commission's discretion to downgrade penalties from termination to

suspension, under certain circumstances.

As the trial court properly noted, unpublished opinions and administrative

legal determinations are not binding and have no precedential value. See R.

1:36-3 ("No unpublished opinion shall constitute precedent or be binding upon

any court."); Mattia v. Bd. of Trustees, Police and Firemen's Ret. Sys., 455 N.J.

Super. 217, 221 (App. Div. 2018) ("[W]e are not bound by an agency's statutory

interpretation or other legal determinations."). As such, we do not consider

them. Instead, our decision is guided by the applicable law, namely the NJAG

policy and the pertinent LPD rules and regulations.

There is no ambiguity in the NJAG policy or the LPD regulations. The

policy and regulations make clear that termination is predicated on a "positive

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test result," not limited to intentional—as opposed to accidental—ingestion of

CDS. This court has recognized that in cases "where an employer was presented

with a positive drug test result for [an] employee, there was nothing improper

or unlawful in the employer's perceiving [this] employee as a user of illegal

drugs" and terminating an employee on that ground. Vargo v. Nat'l Exch.

Carriers Ass'n, 376 N.J. Super. 364, 383 (App. Div. 2005).

We perceive no basis to upset the Borough's termination of Cincotta. As

the hearing officer properly determined, Cincotta was reckless in mishandling

substances which circumstances plainly suggested was CDS, failing to clean his

hands, and consuming food with his contaminated hands. We also take judicial

notice that a police officer’s proper handling of physical evidence is of vital

importance. Cincotta's expertise, training, and years of service added to

conclusive proof, as found by the hearing officer, that his behavior as a police

officer handling the CDS, was in no way legally justifiable.

In affirming the Borough's decision, the trial court noted the "clear and

unambiguous" language of the guidelines which does not distinguish between

"intentional illegal drug use and accidental exposure[,]" as well as Cincotta's

self-inflicted "accidental exposure." The credible evidence before both the

hearing officer and Judge Walcoff well-supported Cincotta's termination.

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Grubb, 353 N.J. Super. at 353.

Progressive Discipline

N.J.S.A. 40A:14-147 provides:

no permanent member or officer of the police

department or force shall be removed from his office,

employment or position for political reasons or for any

cause other than incapacity, misconduct, or

disobedience of rules and regulations established for

the government of the police department and force, nor

shall such member or officer be suspended, removed,

fined or reduced in rank from or in office, employment,

or position therein, except for just cause.

To ensure "proportionality and uniformity in the rendering of discipline of

public employees[,]" our Supreme Court adopted the principles of progressive

discipline which predicate the severity of the punishment upon the seriousness

of the offense committed and the employee's disciplinary record. In re

Stallworth, 208 N.J. 182, 195 (2011). In instances where an employee

"engag[ed] in conduct that is unbecoming to the position[,]" we upheld the

employee's termination regardless of his disciplinary record, or lack of it.

Herrmann, 192 N.J. at 34. Pertinently, dismissal of an officer with an

unblemished record "for [a violation] that went to the heart of the officer's

ability to be trusted to function appropriately in his position" does not

contravene the principles of progressive discipline. Id. at 35 (citing Cosme v.

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E. Newark Twp. Comm., 304 N.J. Super 191, 206 (App. Div. 1997)). That is so

because "the theory of progressive discipline [is not] a fixed and immutable rule

to be followed without question." In re Carter, 191 N.J. 474, 484 (2007).

In reviewing disciplinary measures, we have held courts "should take care

not to substitute their own views of whether a particular penalty is correct for

those of the body charged with making that decision." Id. at 486. Instead, courts

should determine "whether such punishment is 'so disproportionate to the

offense, in the light of all the circumstances, as to be shocking to one's sense of

fairness.'" In re Polk License Revocation, 90 N.J. 550, 578 (1982) (quoting Pell

v. Bd. of Educ., 34 N.E.2d 321, 327 (N.Y. 1974)).

Here, the Borough determined that termination is a proportionate penalty

given the seriousness of the offense. In reaching its decision, the Borough

considered the "egregious" nature of Cincotta's conduct, the impact of his

conduct on public safety, his positive drug test, and the applicable policy and

regulations. In particular, the Borough noted that "in cases where the charges

against Cincotta involve acts which in view of the duties and obligations of the

positions substantially disadvantage the public, removal may be imposed

without regard to the tenets of progressive discipline." The trial court also

emphasized this point, stating that "[Cincotta's] disregard of the rules and

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regulations regarding the handling of evidence, particularly in the setting of

CDS, coupled with [Cincotta's] positive toxicology result, are serious" such that

termination is appropriate and "not shocking to one's sense of fairness in this

specific case." Thus, the ultimate finding that Cincotta tested positive for

cocaine in violation of the pertinent rules and regulations was well-supported by

the record of credible evidence before the hearing officer and Judge Walcoff.

Cincotta's termination was proportionate and justified.

We concur with the findings that Cincotta's complete disregard for safety

measures was egregious. As a police officer with eighteen years of experience,

Cincotta is "a special kind of public employee. His primary duty was to enforce

and uphold the law . . . . He represents law and order to the citizenry and must

present an image of personal integrity and dependability in order to have the

respect of the public." Township of Moorestown v. Armstrong, 89 N.J.

Super. 560, 566 (App. Div. 1965). Because Cincotta's violation of the pertinent

policy and regulations "went to the heart" of his ability to dutifully carry out his

responsibilities and constituted conduct so "unbecoming" a police officer,

termination was a proportionate punishment, notwithstanding his favorable

disciplinary record. Herrmann, 192 N.J. at 34-35.

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To the extent that we have not addressed any arguments raised, they lack

sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written decision. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

Affirmed.

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