The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
REAL ESTATE BOARD OF NEW YORK, INC.,
NEW YORK STATE ASSOCIATION OF
REALTORS, INC., BOHEMIA REALTY
GROUP, BOND NEW YORK REAL ESTATE
CORP., REAL NEW YORK LLC, LEVEL
GROUP INC., FOUR CORNERS REALTY, LLC,
21 WEST 74 CORP., 8 WEST 119TH STREET
HDFC,
24-CV-9678 (RA)
Plaintiffs,
MEMORANDUM
v.
OPINION & ORDER
THE CITY OF NEW YORK, a municipal entity,
VILDA VERA MAYGUA, as Commissioner of
New York City Department of Consumer and
Worker Protection,
Defendants.
RONNIE ABRAMS, United States District Judge:
Plaintiffs, a group consisting of not-for-profit trade organizations, real estate brokerage
firms, and landlords, bring this action against the City of New York and Vilda Vera Maygua,
Commissioner of the City’s Department of Consumer and Worker Protection, alleging that the
Fairness in Apartment Rental Expenses (“FARE”) Act, N.Y.C. Admin. Code § 20-699.20–25, is
unconstitutional and preempted by state law. Before the Court is a motion to intervene by proposed
Intervenor-Defendant Neighbors Together Corp. (“Neighbors Together”). For the reasons that
follow, the motion is denied, although Neighbors Together shall be permitted to act as amicus
curiae if it seeks to do so.
BACKGROUND
The FARE Act became law on December 16, 2024. When it takes effect on June 14, 2025,
it will, in essence, prohibit residential real estate brokers from imposing brokerage fees on tenants.
See N.Y.C. Admin. Code § 20-699.21. Plaintiffs commenced this action on December 29, 2023,
asserting that the FARE Act violates the United States Constitution’s First Amendment and
Contracts Clause, the New York State Constitution’s free speech clause, and New York state law.
See ECF No. 1. On January 13, 2025, Plaintiffs filed a motion for a preliminary injunction. See
ECF No. 19. Defendants filed a combined motion to dismiss and opposition to the motion for a
preliminary injunction on February 28, 2025. See ECF No. 36. Those motions will be fully briefed
on April 11, 2025. See ECF No. 30.
On February 11, 2025, Neighbors Together moved to intervene as a defendant pursuant to
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24(b)(1)(B), and attached a proposed combined cross-motion to
dismiss and opposition to the motion for a preliminary injunction. See ECF No. 31 (“Mot.”).
Plaintiffs opposed the motion to intervene on February 25, 2025, see ECF No. 34 (“Opp’n”), and
Neighbors Together replied on February 27, 2025, see ECF No. 35. The City has taken no position
on the motion.
Neighbors Together is a New York City-based membership organization “committed to
ending hunger and poverty.” Blumsack Decl. ¶ 2. Over 60% of its members are homeless or
unstably housed, id. ¶ 8, and thus, as part of its mission, it provides housing search assistance to
members with housing vouchers, Gil Decl. ¶ 4. In many cases, its members are “blocked from
obtaining housing due to the upfront cost that broker fees impose.” Blumsack Decl. ¶ 12.
Neighbors Together advocated for the FARE Act’s passage, including through written and live
testimony before the City Council. Id. ¶ 17.
LEGAL STANDARD
Pursuant to Rule 24, a court to may grant permissive intervention “on timely motion” where
a non-party “has a claim or defense that shares with the main action a common question of law or
fact.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 24(b)(1)(B). District courts have “broad discretion” in deciding motions for
permissive intervention. Wash. Elec. Co-op., Inc. v. Mass. Mun. Wholesale Elec. Co., 922 F.2d
92, 98 (2d Cir. 1990); see also U. S. Postal Serv. v. Brennan, 579 F.2d 188, 191 (2d Cir. 1978)
(“Permissive intervention is wholly discretionary with the trial court.”). In exercising its
discretion, “the principal guide in deciding whether to grant permissive intervention is whether the
intervention will unduly delay or prejudice the adjudication of the rights of the original parties.”
Bldg. & Realty Inst. of Westchester & Putnam Ctys., Inc. v. New York, No. 19-CV-11285, 2020
WL 5667181, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 23, 2020);1 see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 24(b)(3). “Additional
relevant factors include the nature and extent of the intervenors’ interests, the extent to which those
interests are adequately represented by other parties, and whether [the] parties seeking intervention
will significantly contribute to full development of the underlying factual issues in the suit and to
the just and equitable adjudication of the legal questions presented.” 335-7 LLC v. City of New
York, No. 20-CV-1053, 2020 WL 3100085, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. June 11, 2020).
DISCUSSION
Neighbors Together argues that its motion should be granted because: (1) intervention will
neither delay the action nor prejudice the original parties; (2) it has a strong interest in defending
the FARE Act, which directly benefits its members; and (3) intervention will promote development
of the factual record and fair adjudication of the underlying legal issues. Plaintiffs respond that
(1) intervention will not assist the Court, as the City already adequately represents Neighbors
Together’s interests; (2) Neighbors Together lacks a cognizable interest in this action; and (3)
1 Unless otherwise indicated, this memorandum opinion and order omits all internal quotation marks, citations,
footnotes, omissions, emphases, and alterations in quoted text.
intervention will unnecessarily complicate this litigation.
The Court exercises its discretion to deny the motion to intervene. There is no dispute that
Neighbors Together’s interest in upholding the FARE Act is adequately represented by the City,
which “is sufficient to deny permissive intervention.” Bldg. & Realty Inst., 2020 WL 5667181, at
*6 (citing Floyd v. City of New York, 770 F.3d 1051, 1057 (2d Cir. 2014)). And although “courts
in this District routinely grant permissive intervention despite finding that an existing party
adequately represents the proposed intervenor’s interest,” Hum. Servs. Council of New York v. City
of New York, No. 21-CV-11149, 2022 WL 4585815, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 29, 2022) (collecting
cases), they generally do so only where “the addition of the intervenors will assist in the just and
equitable adjudication of any of the issues between the parties,” New York v. United States Dep’t
of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 19-CV-4676, 2019 WL 3531960, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 2, 2019).
Here, Neighbors Together submits that intervention is appropriate because it “has specialized
expertise and substantial familiarity regarding the impact and operation of broker fees.” Mot. at
8. Although the Court does not question that expertise, it appears that Neighbors Together’s
intervention will “merely underline issues already raised by the primary parties,” and the Court is
thus not persuaded that a “significant benefit would be gained by [its] intervention” that could not
be achieved through participation as amicus curiae. Bldg. & Realty Inst., 2020 WL 5667181, at
*7.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the motion to intervene is denied. However, in light of
Neighbors Together’s specialized knowledge, the Court invites it to serve as amicus curiae—with
Plaintiff’s consent, see Opp’n at 2—if it wishes to do so. If Neighbors Together seeks to participate
as amicus, it shall file a letter motion no later than one week from the date of this order attaching
its proposed submission.
The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to terminate the motion pending at ECF No. 31.
SO ORDERED.
Dated: March 3, 2025
New York, New York A (
Ronnie Abrams
United States District Judge