The opinion
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
JERRY BENSON BRYANT v. KATHERINE ANNE BRYANT
An Appeal from the Chancery Court for Giles County
No. 9417 The Honorable Jim T. Hamilton, Chancellor
No. M1999-00065-COA-R3-CV - Decided May 5, 2000
Appellant (“Husband”) appeals the trial court’s division and award of marital assets, award of
alimony, and award of attorney’s fees to Appellee (“Wife”). For the following reasons, the decision
of the trial court is hereby affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded for further proceedings
as necessary.
Tenn.R.App. 3; Appeal as of right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed in part,
Reversed in Part and Remanded
HIGHERS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which CRAWFORD , P.J., W.S. , FARMER , J. ,
joined.
M. Andrew Hoover, ANDREW HOOVER & ATTORNEYS, Pulaski, Tennessee, Attorney for
Appellant, Jerry Benson Bryant
Barbara J. Walker, Columbia, Tennessee, Attorney for Appellee, Katherine Anne Bryant
OPINION
Facts and Procedural History
This appeal arises from an action for divorce initiated by Husband. On December 2, 1996,
Husband filed for divorce alleging inappropriate marital conduct by Wife. In March 1998, Wife filed
a counterclaim for divorce alleging inappropriate marital conduct by Husband. After a pendente lite
hearing on March 18, 1998, the court awarded Husband temporary custody of the parties’ two minor
children.1 On July 15, 1998, a bifurcated trial was held, and at this time the court granted each of
1
Child custo dy and sup port are no t issues on app eal.
the parties a “dual-fault” divorce pursuant to Tenn. Code. Ann. § 36-4-129(b).2 The court reserved
ruling on the other issues.
The trial was resumed and completed on September 16, 1998. At this time, the following
was listed as marital property:
J&B Co. Inc. Stock $59,000
ST Money Market $30,000
Third Street House $110,000
Gibson and Cardin Building Equity $55,000
Proceeds from Drugstore sale $11,900
Truck $3,150
Husband’s car equity $10,500
Wife’s car $2,500
Wife’s retirement $3,000
Community Bank $3,850
First National Bank $958
Husband’s retirement $1,400
Putnam Mutual Funds $2,500
Nissan $1,500
State Farm IRA $530
Revco 402K $264
Household Furnishings $50,000
Total $346,050
Based on the foregoing, the court awarded Wife $140,000 worth of marital assets and Husband
approximately $202,000 of marital assets. Husband was also ordered to pay the parties’ marital debt
and to pay periodic alimony of $1,000 per month to Wife until her death or remarriage. In addition,
Husband was ordered to pay Wife’s attorney’s fees. Husband appeals.
On appeal, Husband asserts that the court erred in its calculation and division of the marital
assets. Specifically, Husband claims that the court erred by counting J&B stock shares twice.
According to Husband, this stock is the same asset as the Gibson and Cardin Building equity and the
truck. In addition, he asserts that the $30,000 in the ST Money Market account is his separate
property and should be withdrawn from the marital estate. Husband also asserts that the marital
estate should be reduced by $11,900 because these proceeds from the sale of the drugstore were used
to remodel the house awarded to Wife. Husband also contests the valuation of the parties’ household
furnishings at $50,000. Husband claims that the actual value of all the assets he received is
2
Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-4-129(b) provides: The court may, upon stipulation to or proof of any ground for
divorce pursuant to § 36-4-101, grant a divorce to the party who was less at fault or, if either or both parties are entitled
to a divorce, declare the parties to be divorced, rather than awarding a divorce to either party alone.
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approximately $80,000. In addition, Husband alleges that the court erred in awarding alimony to
Wife without making the necessary finding of facts under Tenn. Code. Ann. § 36-5-101(d)(1)(A)-
(L). Finally, Husband alleges that the trial court erred in awarding Wife’s attorney’s fees without
considering the factors in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-101(d)(1)(A)-(L).
Wife argues that if the court erred in the calculation of an equitable distribution of marital
property, any error was due to Husband’s failure to submit a Sworn Statement of Parties’ Separate
and Joint Assets and Liabilities as required by the local trial court rules. In addition, Wife asserts
that the trial court did not err in the award of alimony or attorney’s fees.
Analysis
As a preliminary matter, we find it appropriate to discuss the general principles governing
a court’s division of the marital assets. Before dividing the marital estate, the trial court must first
classify the parties' property as either marital or separate property because only marital property is
subject to the trial court's powers of equitable distribution. Dunlap v. Dunlap, 996 S.W.2d 803, 814-
815 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998) citing Cutsinger v. Cutsinger, 917 S.W.2d 238, 241 (Tenn. Ct.
App.1995); Brown v. Brown, 913 S.W.2d 163, 166 (Tenn. Ct. App.1994). In classifying the parties'
property as either marital or separate, the trial court is vested with wide discretion, and its decision
is entitled to great weight on appeal. Harris v. Corley, No. 01A01-9011-CH-00415, 1991 WL 66447,
at *5 (Tenn. Ct. App. May 1, 1991) citing Fisher v. Fisher, 648 S.W.2d 244, 246 (Tenn.1983);
Edwards v. Edwards, 501 S.W.2d 283, 288 (Tenn. Ct. App.1973).
After characterizing the parties’ assets as either marital or separate property, the court will
make an equitable division of marital assets. An equitable division of property does not necessarily
mean an equal division. Bookout v. Bookout, 954 S.W.2d 730 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997); Batson v.
Batson, 769 S.W.2d 849, 859 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1988). “The division of the estate is not rendered
inequitable simply because it is not mathematically equal, or because each party did not receive a
share of every item of marital property.” King v. King, 986 S.W.2d 216, 219 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998)
citing Cohen v. Cohen, 937 S.W.2d 823, 832 (Tenn.1996); Ellis v. Ellis, 748 S.W.2d 424, 427
(Tenn.1988); Brown v. Brown, 913 S.W.2d 163. In determining what constitutes an equitable
division of marital assets, the court will consider the factors listed in Tenn. Code Ann. §36-4-121(c).3
3
Tenn. Cod e Ann. §36-4-12 1(c) provides:
In making equitable division of marital property, the court shall consider all relevant factors including:
(1) The duration of the marriage;
(2) The age, physical and mental health, vocational skills, employability, earning capacity, estate, financial
liabilities and financial needs of each of the parties;
(3) The tangible or intangible contribution by one (1) party to the education, training or increased earning power
of the other p arty;
(4) The relative ability of each party for future acquisitions of capital assets and income;
(5) The contribution of each pa rty to the acquisition, preservation, appreciation or dissipation of the marital or
separate property, inc luding the co ntribution of a party to the marriage as homemaker, wage earner or parent, with the
contribution of a party as homemaker or wage earner to be given the same weight if each party has fulfilled its role;
(6) The value of the sep arate prop erty of each p arty;
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Pursuant to Rule 13(d) of the Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure, the trial court's
classification and division of marital property enjoys a presumption of correctness and will be
reversed or modified only if the evidence preponderates against the court's decision. Lancaster v.
Lancaster, 671 S.W.2d 501, 502 (Tenn. Ct. App.1984); Hardin v. Hardin, 689 S.W.2d 152, 154
(Tenn. Ct. App.1983); Goren v. Goren, 1988 WL 118114, at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. Nov.7, 1988). With
this in mind, we now turn to the specific issues raised by the parties.
I. Division of Marital Property
On appeal, Husband argues that the trial court miscalculated the amount and kind of property
subject to division. Specifically, Husband claims that the court erred by counting J&B stock shares
(worth approximately $59,000) twice. According to Husband, this stock is the same asset as the
Gibson and Cardin Building equity and the truck. In addition, he asserts that the thirty thousand
dollars in the ST Money Market account is his separate property and should be withdrawn from the
marital estate. Husband also asserts that the marital estate should be reduced by $11,900, an amount
representing proceeds from the sale of the drugstore that was used to remodel the house awarded to
Wife. Husband also contests the valuation of the parties’ household furnishings at $50,000.
A. J&B stock
From our reading of the record, there seems to be at least some evidence to support
Husband’s contention regarding the J&B stock. During Wife’s testimony, Husband’s attorney
questioned her about the stock. Wife admitted that the building and truck were assets in J&B.
Based on the conflicting evidence, we are unable to ascertain how the stock, building, and truck
should be characterized and whether the court below essentially counted the same asset twice. For
the reason stated above, this issue is remanded to the trial court for clarification.
B. Money Market Account
Husband also contends that the trial court erred in including the $30,000 ST money market
account in the division of marital assets. According to Husband, this account was funded by cash
he received as a gift from his parents and is therefore separate property. In her testimony, Wife
admitted that the money was a gift solely to Husband and that is was his separate property. Despite
this testimony, the court included the money market account in the marital assets subject to equitable
(7) The estate of each party at the time of the marriage;
(8) The economic circumstances of each party at the time the division of property is to become effective;
(9) The tax consequences to each party; and
(10) Such other factors a s are necessary to consider the eq uities between the parties.
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division.
A spouse's separate property includes property acquired "at any time by gift, bequest, devise
or descent." See Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-4-121(b)(2)(D). Accordingly, if the spouse can show that
the property was a gift, the gift is his or her separate property, regardless of when it was acquired.
The burden of proving that a gift was made is upon the donee or the party asserting the gift. Hansel
v. Hansel, 939 S.W.2d 110, 112 (Tenn. Ct. App.1996); Hartman v. Hartman, No.
03A01-9608-CV-00249, 1997 WL 176701, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. Apr.10, 1997). In this case, Wife
admitted that the money in the account was Husband’s separate property. Therefore, the trial court
erred in including the ST account in the parties’ marital property. The decision of the trial court is
reversed on this issue.
C. Drugstore Proceeds
Husband asserts that the trial court erred in including $11,900 in cash as part of the marital
estate. According to Husband, this money was used to remodel the parties’ residence, and this
residence was awarded to Wife. However, at trial Husband was unable to offer any proof regarding
this contention. Husband only testified that this money was spent “somewhere along the line.” As
stated above, the trial court’s characterization and division of marital assets carries a presumption
of correctness. Husband has failed to overcome this presumption. Therefore, the decision of the trial
court on this issue is affirmed.
D. Household Furnishings
Husband also contends that the trial court erred in valuing the parties’ household furnishings
at $50,000. At trial, Husband testified that he had received only five thousand dollars worth of
household furnishings from the parties’ residence. Wife testified that the property in her possession
was worth approximately twenty-five thousand dollars and that Husband either took an equal amount
from the parties’ marital residence or used marital assets to acquire additional furnishings. On
appeal, Husband argues that the total value of all household furnishings should be reduced to twenty
thousand dollars. Husband offers no further evidence to support this reduction. Based on these
facts, Husband has failed to overcome the trial court’s presumption of correctness. Therefore, the
trial court is affirmed on this issue.
II. Alimony Award
Husband asserts that the trial court failed to make the necessary findings of fact to award
alimony pursuant to Tenn. Code. Ann. § 36-5-101(d)(1)(A)-(L). According to Husband, the court
merely stated that Wife was entitled to alimony, without explaining why Wife was so entitled. We
disagree. From our review of the record, it is clear that the trial court considered the factors
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enumerated in Tenn. Code. Ann. § 36-5-101(d)(1)(A)-(L).4
In this case, the court below awarded Wife periodic alimony in the amount of one thousand
dollars per month until her death or remarriage. In its order, the court specifically referred to the
following factors: Wife’s role as homemaker and care giver of the parties’ children; the parties’
standard of living prior to the divorce; the disparity between Wife and Husband’s relative standards
of living at the time of the divorce; Wife’s income at the time of the divorce; the monthly expenses
of each party; the education of each party; and the relative earning capacity of each party. In
addition, the court commented on Wife’s inability to rehabilitate herself due to her age and health.5
While all statutory factors listed in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-101(d)(1) are important and will
be considered by the trial court, need and the ability to pay are the critical factors in setting the
amount of an alimony award. Whether an alimony award is appropriate is dependent on the facts
4
Tenn. Code. Ann. § 3 6-5-101(d)(1 )provides: It is the intent of the general assembly that a spouse who is
econom ically disadvantaged, relative to the other spouse, be rehabilitated whenever possible by the granting of an order
for payment o f rehabilitative, tem porary sup port and m aintenance. Where th ere is such relative economic disadvantage
and rehabilitation is not feasible in consideration of all relevant factors, including those set out in this subsection, then
the court m ay grant an order for payment of support and maintenance on a long-term basis or until the death or
remarriage of the recipie nt except a s otherwise provided in subdivision (a)(3). Rehabilitative support and maintenance
is a separate class o f spousal support as distinguished from alimony in solido and periodic alimony. In determining
whether the granting of an order for payment of support and maintenance to a party is appropriate, and in determining
the nature, amount, length of term, and manner of payment, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including:
(A.) The relative earning cap acity, obligations, needs, and financial resources of each party, including income
from pension, profit sharing or retirem ent plans and all other sources;
(B.) The relative education and training of each party, the ability and opportunity of each party to secure such
education and training, and the necessity of a party to secure further education and training to improve such party's
earning cap acity to a reaso nable level;
(C.) The duration of the marriage;
(D.) Th e age and m ental cond ition of each p arty;
(E.) The physical condition of each party, including, but not limited to, physical disa bility or incapa city due to
a chronic debilitating disease;
(F.) The exte nt to which it would be undesirab le for a party to seek employment outside the home because such
party will be custodian of a minor child of the marriage;
(G.) The separate assets of each party, both real and personal, tangible and intangible;
(H.) The provisions made with regard to the marital property as defined in § 36-4-121;
(I.) The standard of living of the parties established during the marriage;
(J.) The extent to which each party has made such tangible a nd intangible contributions t o the marriage as
monetary and hom emaker co ntributions, and tangible and intangible contribution s by a party to the education, training
or increase d earning p ower of the o ther party;
(K.) The relative fault of the parties in cases where the court, in its discretio n, deems it ap propriate to do so;
and
(L.) Such other factors, includin g the tax cons equence s to each pa rty, as are necessary to consider the equities
between the parties.
5
Wife was diagnosed and treated for cancer during the period prior to the divorce.
6
and circumstances of each case. “The amount of alimony to be awarded is a matter for the trial
court's discretion in view of the particular circumstances of the case, and the appellate courts are not
inclined to alter the awards except where the record reflects that such discretion has been abused.”
Lindsey v. Lindsey, 976 S.W.2d 175, 179-180 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997) citing Smith v. Smith, 912
S.W.2d 155, 159 (Tenn. Ct. App.1995); Lancaster v. Lancaster, 671 S.W.2d 501, 503. Butler v.
Butler, 680 S.W.2d 467, 470 (Tenn. Ct. App.1984); Gilliam v. Gilliam, 776 S.W.2d 81, 86 (Tenn.
Ct. App.1988).
Under the standard stated above, we find that the trial court did not err in awarding periodic
alimony to Wife. The court clearly considered the factors set forth in the statute, as well as the case
specific facts and circumstances. For this reason, the holding of the trial court is affirmed on this
issue.
III. Attorney’s Fees
As a final issue, Husband alleges that the trial court erred in ordering him to pay Wife’s
attorney’s fees as well as the court costs. Husband argues that the court was not justified in making
this award. For the following reasons, we find that the trial court did not err in making this award
to Wife.
In a divorce case, an award of attorney’s fees is considered alimony in solido, and the factors
set forth in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-101(d)(1) must again be considered. Houghland v. Houghland,
844 S.W.2d 619, 623 (Tenn. Ct. App.1992). An award of attorney's fees is proper when one spouse
is economically disadvantaged and lacks sufficient resources with which to pay attorney's fees.
Herrera v. Herrera, 944 S.W.2d 379, 390 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996); Lancaster v. Lancaster, 671 S.W.2d
501, 503 (Tenn. Ct. App.1984); Thompson v. Thompson, 797 S.W.2d 599 (Tenn. Ct. App.1990).
The decision to award attorney's fees is within the sound discretion of the trial court. As such, an
award of attorney’s fees will not be disturbed upon appeal unless it is against the great weight and
preponderance of the evidence. Storey v. Storey, 835 S.W.2d 593, 597-598 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992)
citing Batson v. Batson, 769 S.W.2d 849, 862 (Tenn. Ct. App.1988); Lyon v. Lyon, 765 S.W.2d 759,
762-63 (Tenn. Ct. App.1988).
As indicated previously, we find that the trial judge properly considered the factors set forth
in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-101(d). In addition, we find it appropriate to note that Wife did not
receive any cash assets in the division of marital property and did not have the apparent ability to pay
the attorney’s fees. Therefore we find that the evidence does not preponderate against the award of
Wife’s attorney’s fees. The decision of the trial court is affirmed on this issue.
Conclusion
Based on the foregoing, the judgment of the trial court is hereby affirmed in part, reversed
in part, and remanded to the trial court for such further proceedings as necessary. Costs of the appeal
are assessed one-half to the appellant, Jerry Benson Bryant, and one-half to the appellee, Katherine
7
Anne Bryant, for which execution may issue if necessary.
8