The opinion
[Cite as Kaplack v. Medina City School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 2025-Ohio-221.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF MEDINA )
NICHOLAS KAPLACK C.A. Nos. 2024CA0002-M
2024CA0003-M
Appellant/Cross-Appellee
v.
APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
MEDINA CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT ENTERED IN THE
BOARD OF EDUCATION COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO
Appellee/Cross-Appellant CASE No. 2023-CIV-0418
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 27, 2025
STEVENSON, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Appellee, Nicholas Kaplack (“Kaplack”), and
Defendant-Appellee/Cross-Appellant, Medina City School District Board of Education (“Board”),
appeal the judgment of the Medina County Court of Common Pleas that reversed the Board’s
resolution to terminate Kaplack’s supplemental head varsity baseball coaching contract. For the
reasons that follow, this Court affirms in part, reverses in part, and remands for further
proceedings.
I.
{¶2} Kaplack is a teacher with the Medina City School District. He was also a coach in
the Medina baseball program for 24 years, serving for 16 years as the head varsity baseball coach.
His most recent season prior to this action was the 2020-2021 season.
{¶3} The specific event giving rise to the Board’s termination of Kaplack’s supplemental
coaching contract occurred on May 19, 2021, when the Medina High School baseball team played
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an away game against Hudson High School and suffered its fourth loss in a row. When the bus
arrived back in Medina, Kaplack gave the team a speech about the overall low morale and
performance of the team. The speech was captured on video. According to Kaplack, the speech
was about accountability and asked the players to “hit the reset button[.]”
{¶4} An investigation of Kaplack’s bus speech was initiated when a parent filed a
harassment complaint with the Board in July 2021 pursuant to Board Policy 5517. A few days
later, Assistant Superintendent Katherine Quallich (“Quallich”) invited Kaplack to a meeting to
discuss the allegations. The athletic director, a representative from the Medina Teachers
Association, and a consultant with the Ohio Education Association were also present. During the
meeting, Quallich informed those present about the video and later emailed it to Kaplack. When
Kaplack reviewed the video, he noticed the Board had not provided the full footage of the entirety
of his speech which began when the bus left Hudson. He told the representative from the Medina
Teachers Association about the missing part of the video but took no further action at that time.
{¶5} After her investigation, Quallich issued a report on the harassment complaint in
August 2021. She determined that Kaplack’s conduct in the bus video did not rise to the level of
harassment required by Board Policy 5517 and deemed the complaint unsubstantiated. However,
while Quallich did not find that Kaplack engaged in harassment, her investigation uncovered
incidents of notable concern that she considered to constitute good and just cause for
recommending termination of Kaplack’s supplemental coaching contract, namely that the post-
game speech inappropriately disparaged the players’ parents for their interference with the team
and that certain players were belittled in front of the team for poor athletic performances. In
Quallich’s opinion, Kaplack inappropriately directed his frustrations with parents at the players,
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placing the players in an untenable position between two adult authorities. Quallich did not initially
share these additional concerns with Kaplack.
{¶6} After receiving Quallich’s report, Kaplack considered the matter closed as the
complaint was deemed unsubstantiated, and he was not disciplined nor told to discontinue his
coaching duties or to cease interacting with the players. He proceeded to prepare for the next
baseball season. He began hitting and pitching practices, engaged the players in community
service projects, brought in speakers, attended a coach’s clinic, and held a parent meeting.
{¶7} The athletic director gave Kaplack an evaluation in December 2021 that outlined
his coaching performance across numerous categories. The evaluation showed him as skilled in
most areas but also noted areas that needed improvement as related to his demeanor with the
players and parents. According to the Board, the areas of concern outweighed the areas of skill.
{¶8} On February 1, 2022, the District Superintendent provided Kaplack with notice of
his intention to recommend termination of Kaplack’s supplemental contract as head varsity
baseball coach (“Notice”). The Notice did not pertain whatsoever to Kaplack’s teaching position.
On February 7, 2022, the Board adopted the Superintendent’s recommendation and passed a
resolution of intent to terminate Kaplack from the head varsity baseball coach position.
{¶9} Kaplack timely requested a hearing before a Referee. A two-day evidentiary
hearing was held before the appointed Referee in December 2022. Prior to the hearing, Kaplack
requested the entire video footage beginning from the time the bus was preparing to leave Hudson;
however, the Board was unable to provide it because it was destroyed prior to Kaplack’s request
under the Board’s records disposal policy. According to Kaplack, the additional footage would
have provided context to his speech by connecting it to the issues that were discussed before the
team left Hudson, namely that the players felt pressure and negativity from their parents.
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Kaplack’s explanation of the speech was that he was merely continuing the conversation about
parental pressure and was also following the team’s directive to hold them accountable for their
failures rather than permit them to blame others for their lackluster performance. Quallich did not
request the additional footage during her own investigation of the harassment complaint because
the only incident reported as grievous was Kaplack’s speech upon the bus’s arrival in Medina.
{¶10} The Referee issued a report and recommendation confirming the Board’s decision
to terminate Kaplack. The Referee’s analysis was based on a guest essay in the March 23, 2023,
edition of the New York times authored by the President of Notre Dame University and its Athletic
Director. In the essay, the coach likened the locker room to a classroom where lessons about
athletics were deemed an essential part of the mission of college education. After quoting an
excerpt from the article, the Referee then stated he would “discuss Kaplack as a teacher[,]” then
proceeded to analyze Kaplack’s conduct in the context of the classroom. The Referee ultimately
determined that “in the last analysis . . . it is hard to find ‘teaching’ in [Kaplack’s] video
comments.” The relevant portions of the Referee’s opinion are as follows:
In this case, the Board found that Kaplack’s behavior on the bus on May 19, 2021
disparaged parents and students, to the point of constituting “good and just cause”
of a “fairly serious matter,” for terminating his supplemental contract as head
varsity baseball coach.
Imagine that the video was not the baseball field but from a classroom. Is it possible
that a Board would put up with a teacher telling the students that their dads look
“like little girls.” Imagine that the teacher advised that he was “sick of hearing the
criticism from parents about his teaching” or telling students that he has “had it”
with “has been parents” trying to tell him how to teach.
The baseball diamond and the high school classroom are not perfectly analogous.
But this is a high school baseball team, where academics are much more important
than athletic performance.
...
The decision of the [Board] is confirmed.
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{¶11} In May 2023 the Board passed a resolution adopting the Referee’s report and
recommendations and terminated Kaplack’s supplemental coaching contract. Kaplack appealed
to the Medina County Court of Common Pleas by filing a complaint pursuant to R.C. 3319.16. In
his complaint, Kaplack sought reinstatement to a one-year supplemental contract and payment for
the loss of salary incurred for the period from his suspension on February 7, 2022, through his time
of reinstatement.
{¶12} Following the parties’ submission of briefs, the Medina County Common Pleas
Court issued an order overruling the Board’s decision. Kaplack appeals, raising two assignments
of error for our review. The Board cross-appeals, raising three assignments of error for our review.
To aid our analysis, we will first address the Boards’s cross-appeal.
Board’s Cross-Appeal
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PREJUDICIAL ERROR BY FAILING
TO ACCORD DUE DEFERENCE TO THE REFEREE’S FINDINGS OF
FACT, OPINIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PREJUDICIAL ERROR BY FAILING
TO ACCORD DUE DEFERENCE TO THE BOARD OF EDUCATION’S
DECISION.
{¶13} We will address the Board’s first and second assignments of error in a consolidated
fashion for ease of analysis as both the Board and the Referee reviewed the same evidence and
made the determination that there was good and just cause for the termination of Kaplack’s
supplemental coaching contract.
{¶14} R.C. 3319.16 is the statutory mechanism for the board of education to terminate a
teacher's contract. Humphries v. Lorain City School Dist., 2019-Ohio-2263, ¶ 6 (9th Dist.). “That
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statute pronounces that ‘[t]he contract of any teacher employed by the board of education of any
city . . . school district may not be terminated except for good and just cause.’” Id., quoting R.C.
3319.16. The parties agree that the “good and just cause” standard applies to Kaplack’s coaching
contract. As remedial legislation designed to ensure public school teachers with some measure of
security in their work, R.C. 3319.16 must be liberally construed in favor of teachers, those that it
is designed to protect, in order to prevent arbitrary discharge from employment. Brennan v. Vinton
Cty. Local School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 18 Ohio St.3d 208, 209 (1985).
Administrative Hearing
{¶15} Procedurally, prior to terminating a contract, the employing board must give the
teacher a written notice of its intention to terminate that contains full specification of the grounds.
Humphries at ¶ 6. The teacher then has the opportunity to demand a hearing before either the
board or a referee. Id. “After a hearing by a referee, the referee shall file a report within ten days
after the termination of the hearing.” R.C. 3319.16. The hearing must be “confined to the grounds
given for the termination” as set forth in the written notice furnished to the teacher by the
employing board. Id. The board has the burden of establishing the facts and the grounds to support
its intended termination action. Hale v. Bd. of Edn., City of Lancaster, 13 Ohio St.2d 92, 99 (1968).
{¶16} “‘After consideration of the referee's report, the board, by a majority vote, may
accept or reject the referee's recommendation on the termination of the teacher's contract.’”
Humpries at ¶ 7, quoting R.C. 3319.16. “‘The referee's findings of fact must be accepted unless
such findings are against the greater weight, or preponderance, of the evidence[.]’” Humphries at
¶ 7, quoting Aldridge v. Huntington Local School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 13 Ohio St.3d 154 (1988),
paragraph one of the syllabus. “[A] board ‘has the discretion to accept or reject the
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recommendation of the referee unless such acceptance or rejection is contrary to law.’” Humphries
at ¶ 7, quoting Aldridge at paragraph two of the syllabus.
Appeal to the Common Pleas Court
{¶17} “Pursuant to R.C. 3319.16, any teacher affected by a contract termination has the
right to appeal the order of termination to the court of common pleas.” Humphries at ¶ 8. “The
scope of the common pleas court's review does not provide for a trial de novo.” Id., quoting
Graziano v. Bd. of Edn., 32 Ohio St.3d 289, 293 (1987). The common pleas court may reverse a
board's order terminating a teacher's contract if the board’s order is not supported by or is against
the weight of the evidence. Hale at paragraph one of the syllabus. The common pleas court cannot
substitute its judgment for the judgment of the board where a fair administrative hearing is had
and there is substantial and credible evidence in the record to support the board’s decision. Fox v.
Bd. of Edn. of the Huron City School Dist., 2017-Ohio-7984, ¶ 18 (6th Dist.).
Appellate Review
{¶18} “Either the teacher or the board may appeal the common pleas court's decision
granting or denying the relief prayed for in the complaint.” Humphries at ¶ 9, citing R.C. 3319.16.
“The appellate court's review of this special proceeding is rather narrow and limited to a review
for abuse of discretion.” Id., citing Graziano at 294.
{¶19} “The term ‘abuse of discretion’ connotes more than an error of judgment; it implies
that the court's attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.” Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5
Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). When applying an abuse of discretion standard, a reviewing court is
precluded from substituting its judgment for that of the trial court. Pons v. Ohio State Med. Bd.,
66 Ohio St.3d 619, 621 (1993). Although Blakemore is often cited as the general standard for
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reviewing discretionary decisions, the Ohio Supreme Court has provided additional guidance
about the nature of an abuse of discretion:
Stated differently, an abuse of discretion involves more than a difference in opinion:
“‘the term discretion itself involves the idea of choice, of an exercise of the will, of
a determination made between competing considerations.’” State v. Jenkins, 15
Ohio St.3d 164, 222 (1984), quoting Spalding v. Spalding, 355 Mich. 382, 384
(1959). For a court of appeals to reach an abuse-of-discretion determination, the
trial court's judgment must be so profoundly and wholly violative of fact and reason
that “‘it evidences not the exercise of will but perversity of will, not the exercise of
judgment but defiance thereof, not the exercise of reason but rather of passion or
bias.’” Id., quoting Spalding at 384-385.
State v. Weaver, 2022-Ohio-4371, ¶ 24.
Good and Just Cause
{¶20} R.C. 3319.16 prevents a teacher's contract from being terminated “except for good
and just cause.” Although “good and just cause” is not statutorily defined, the Supreme Court of
Ohio has construed it to mean “a fairly serious matter.” Hale, 13 Ohio St.2d at 98-99. Generally,
“[w]hat constitutes ‘good and just cause’ depends on the context and unique facts of each case.”
Hiss v. Perkins Local School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 2019-Ohio-3703, ¶ 149 (6th Dist.).
{¶21} Courts have found “good and just cause” to include behavior that could have caused
serious harm to a student. See Hiss (teacher gave or allowed students access to prescription
analgesic patches over a period of three years); Ricchetti v. Cleveland City School Dist. Bd. of
Edn., 1994 WL 66227 (8th Dist. Mar. 3, 1994) (teacher engaged in a high-speed chase to avoid
apprehension by police while detaining a teenager in his car); Brownfield v. Warren Local School
Dist. Bd. of Edn., 1990 WL 127054 (4th Dist. Aug. 28, 1990) (teacher risked the physical safety
of a student by requiring the student to touch the end of a paper clip into one of the holes of a 110-
volt electrical outlet).
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{¶22} “[A]ppellate courts have further explained . . . that ‘in order to constitute . . . good
and just cause within the statutory meaning of those terms, the conduct complained of must be
hostile to the school community and cannot be some private act which has no impact on the
[coach’s] professional duties.’” Winland v. Strasburg-Franklin Local School Dist. Bd. of Edn.,
2013-Ohio-4670, ¶ 32 (5th Dist.), quoting Florian v. Highland Local Bd. of Edn., 24 Ohio App.3d
41, 42 (9th Dist. 1983); Bertolini v. Whitehall City School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 139 Ohio App.3d 595
(10th Dist. 2000); Oleske v. Hilliard City School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 146 Ohio App.3d 57, 65 (10th
Dist. 2001).
The Trial Court’s Opinion
{¶23} The trial court conducted its own review of the evidence, as required by R.C.
3319.16, and determined that “the findings of fact and recommendations by [the Referee] were not
supported by and were against the weight of the evidence[]” and that “the [Board’s] acceptance of
the Referee’s recommendations was contrary to law.” In so determining, the trial court opined as
follows in relevant part:
The key focus of the termination case was the partial bus video, where [Kaplack’s]
comments were deemed by the Board as constituting a terminable offense.
. . . The partial bus video lacks context, as the preceding footage was not preserved
by the district. [Kaplack] asserts that the missing video would have shown players
facing pressure and negativity from their parents, providing context to his remarks
in the available video. . . .
The argument against termination also includes a critique of the referee’s report, as
it used an inappropriate analogy by comparing teachers to coaches. [Kaplack] was
acting as a coach, not a teacher, and the referee’s analogy is not applicable.
Additionally, the referee lacked the proper analysis . . . regarding the unique nature
of coaching compared to teaching.
...
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. . . In this case, [Kaplack’s] conduct in having a frank discussion with his players
after a series of losses was not nearly as egregious as the Sasack case, where Coach
Sasack was ejected from a game, and where the Court still found no just cause.1
This Court agrees the Board has failed to meet the burden of establishing ‘good and
just cause’ for terminating [Kaplack’s] coaching contract based on the alleged
terminable offense of the partial bus video. The Board’s order is not supported by
substantial or credible evidence, highlighting inconsistencies, lack of context, and
misinterpretation of incidents.
II.
{¶24} As a threshold matter, we note that the parties dedicate a considerable portion of
their merit briefs to a discussion of prior incidents involving Kaplack’s alleged misconduct as a
coach dating back to 2015. Kaplack takes particular issue with the Board’s Notice, which made
several references to a “historical pattern” of conduct and the prior incidents. He argues that it
was improper for the Board to rely upon those past incidents as a basis for his termination because
he had been exonerated in each previous situation and was never subjected to any discipline or
punishment. The Board insists that in terminating Kaplack and mentioning the prior incidents in
the Notice, it was not attempting to punish him for those prior incidents, but rather, was merely
pointing out that Kaplack had been given prior opportunities to correct his behavior.
{¶25} The Board affirmatively represented numerous times during the hearing before the
Referee that its termination decision was based solely on Kaplack’s bus speech and not the prior
incidents. After a colloquy with counsel and much discussion around the allegations in the Notice,
the Referee stated on the record that the only matter being considered as a basis for termination
was the bus video. Neither the Referee’s nor the trial court’s written decisions were based on the
1
In Sasack v. Wellington Exempted Village School Dist. Bd. of Edn., Lorain C.P. Nos.
22CV205243, 22CA011931 (Nov. 23, 2022), the trial court overruled the Board’s termination
decision regarding the supplemental contract of a head varsity baseball coach, concluding that the
use of colorful language and kicking dirt onto home plate after being ejected from a game for
disagreement with an umpire’s call did not constitute good and just cause.
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prior incidents. These incidents were noted purely as factual background. Accordingly, our
analysis will be confined to the bus speech.
{¶26} The Board argues that the trial court committed prejudicial error by substituting its
own judgment for that of the Referee/Board instead of giving due deference to the Referee/Board’s
findings as required by law. In support of its argument, the Board states that the Referee reviewed
and appropriately considered the video through the lens of academics, and in weighing Kaplack’s
testimony, properly confirmed the Board’s assertion that Kaplack’s behavior constituted “good
and just cause” for termination. According to the Board, the trial court inserted its own credibility
assessment when it opined that “[t]he partial bus video lacks context, as the preceding footage was
not preserved by the district[,]” and is “not supported by substantial or credible evidence” because
the missing footage would somehow “provid[e] context to [Kaplack’s] remarks in the available
video.” The Board submits that the trial court’s rationale does not meet the qualifications for
substituting its judgment for that of the Board because a fair hearing was held and there was
substantial and credible evidence in the record to support the Board’s decision. See Fox, 2017-
Ohio-7984, at ¶ 18 (6th Dist.). The Board argues that whether the video lacked context is
unimportant and that, standing alone, the bus speech constitutes substantial and credible evidence
because Kaplack did not deny that he engaged in the behavior seen in the video.
{¶27} As previously noted, the trial court must accept the referee’s findings of fact only
if they are supported by the greater weight or preponderance of the evidence. Humphries, 2019-
Ohio-2263, at ¶ 7 (9th Dist.). Therefore, the trial court is permitted to weigh the evidence and
make credibility determinations. Graziano, 32 Ohio St.3d at 293 (“While an appeal before the
common pleas court . . . does not include a right to a trial de novo, . . . the clear statutory language
does however empower the court to weight the evidence . . . .”). Thus, in rejecting the Referee’s
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recommendation for the reasons stated in its opinion, the trial court was acting within its
permissible scope of review to weigh the evidence and make its own credibility determinations
and was not substituting its judgment for that of the Board/Referee.
{¶28} Furthermore, the underlying premise of the Board’s argument is that the Referee’s
analysis in the context of teaching was proper. However, in ruling that “[t]he decision of the
[Board] is confirmed” the Referee merely made a conclusory statement without engaging in any
independent analysis of whether Kaplack’s conduct met the definition of “good and just cause” as
defined under the law. Instead, as the trial court noted, the Referee analogized coaching to teaching
based on a New York Times article about college coaching that was completely irrelevant in law
or fact to the statutory protections provided to a teacher under R.C. 3319.16. The subject of this
case is Kaplack’s supplemental coaching contract, not his teaching contract. Kaplack’s classroom
abilities and record of dealing with students in his capacity as a teacher were not the issue that was
being evaluated in determining whether his supplemental coaching contract should be terminated.
Yet, the classroom was the lens through which the Referee analyzed this matter utilizing a
newspaper article on a different subject instead of supporting his analysis with legal authorities
involving “good and just cause” under R.C. 3319.16. Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in concluding that the Referee’s reliance upon this newspaper article was not substantial
and credible evidence that supported Kaplack’s termination.
{¶29} The Board further argues that the trial court inappropriately substituted its judgment
in determining that the partial video lacked context without the missing footage. The trial court’s
rationale in determining that the Board’s order was not supported by substantial and credible
evidence was that the Board’s order was based on the “alleged terminable offense of the partial
bus video” and highlighted inconsistencies, lacked context, and misinterpreted incidents. In
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arriving at its conclusion, the trial court stated that it had reviewed the record, which included the
hearing transcript. During the hearing, Kaplack testified to what the missing video would have
shown. He testified that he believed he was having a nice conversation with the players. He first
asked them if they felt he was putting too much pressure on them and no one responded. He then
asked if they were getting pressure from home and every hand went up. Kaplack testified that this
was the first time in his career that the whole group felt that way, which was the reason for his
later speech that was captured in the partial video. Based on that testimony, the trial court was
within its discretion to conclude that Kaplack was credible, and that when viewed as a whole, the
entire video footage would not have constituted substantial and credible evidence of “good and
just cause” for Kaplack’s termination.
{¶30} Accordingly, based on the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court did not
substitute its judgment for that of the Referee/Board. The Board’s first and second assignments
of error are overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PREJUDICIAL ERROR BY FAILING
TO CORRECTLY APPLY THE APPLICABLE LEGAL STANDARDS.
{¶31} Under the Board’s third assignment of error, the Board argues that the trial court
abused its discretion by (1) by interpreting “good and just cause” without taking into account
behavior that is hostile to the school community, and (2) by relying on facts not in evidence.
{¶32} The Board’s first argument is that the uncontroverted facts demonstrate that
Kaplack behaved in a hostile manner to the school community, and if the trial court had applied
the law to the facts of this case, it would have arrived at that conclusion. Specifically, the Board
maintains that Kaplack’s mocking and disparaging parents to their children during a post-game
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speech qualifies as hostile to the school community, and therefore, satisfies the definition of “good
and just cause.”
{¶33} The Ohio Supreme Court held that “good and just cause” must be “a fairly serious
matter.” Hale, 13 Ohio St.2d. at 98-99. The trial court defined “good and just cause” as “a fairly
serious matter” and “flagrant or outrageous or at least persistent” with references to case law that
construed contract terminations under a “good and just cause” analysis. Ellsworth v. Streetsboro
City School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 2019-Ohio-4731 (11th Dist.); Hale; and Imm v. Bd. of Edn of
Newbury Local School Dist., 1986 WL 14335 (11th Dist. Dec. 5, 1986). The trial court ultimately
determined that the weight of the evidence established Kaplack’s actions on the bus video were a
“frank discussion with his players” that were “not nearly as egregious” as the Sasack case in which
the Lorain County Court of Common Pleas found no just cause for termination where the coach
had been ejected from a game for using colorful language and kicking home plate. See Sasack,
Lorain C.P. Nos. 22CV205243, 22CA011931 (Nov. 23, 2022). Thus, while the trial court’s
decision did not specifically address whether Kaplack’s conduct was hostile to the community, it
was supported by applicable law on the subject of “good and just cause,” including the Ohio
Supreme Court’s Hale case, and therefore, was not “unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.”
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d at 219.
{¶34} Moreover, Ohio appellate courts have addressed the meaning of “hostile to the
community.” See Bertolini, 139 Ohio App.3d 595 (associate superintendent terminated because he
had an adulterous affair with another school district employee); Oleske, 146 Ohio App.3d 57
(termination upheld for multiple instances of telling jokes to students that contained sexual content,
ethnic insensitivity, and intentionally mispronouncing a fellow teacher’s name as “Turd”); Kitchen
v. Bd. of Edn. of Fairfield City School Dist., 2007-Ohio-2846 (12th Dist.) (termination of assistant
15
superintendent affirmed for OVI charge); Hykes v. Bd. of Edn. of Bellevue City School Dist., 2012-
Ohio-6059, ¶ 26 (6th Dist.) (termination upheld where teacher regularly used the phrase “mother
f - - -er” to describe his boss; asked female employees to participate in a wet t-shirt contest, and
made comments to other employees concerning the size of his genitals); Florian, 24 Ohio App.3d
41 (termination upheld as hostile to the community where coach instructed a team member to
weigh-in for another team member so that the latter member who was overweight could wrestle in
his weight class). In sum, “the case law in which the appellate court affirmed a board of
education’s decision to terminate an employee shows that the teacher’s behavior had or could have
had a serious effect on the school system.” Winland, 2013-Ohio-4670, at ¶ 39 (5th Dist.), citing
Bertolini at 608.
{¶35} We have reviewed the record below, including the hearing transcript, exhibits, the
bus video, and the parties’ trial court briefs. While nothing in this opinion should be construed as
a determination that Kaplack’s behavior was appropriate, when compared to the situations in the
cases cited above where the appellate court upheld the board’s termination decisions for conduct
hostile to the community, we do not believe Kaplack’s conduct rose to the same level. Therefore,
this argument is not well-taken.
{¶36} The Board’s second argument is that the trial court abused its discretion because it
based its decision on an allegedly missing video that it determined would have provided context
to Kaplack’s remarks in the bus speech, and in doing so, the trial court speculated as to the content
of a video not submitted into evidence. We disagree because, as previously noted and as the Board
itself acknowledged, Kaplack testified to the contents of his earlier conversation with the players
from the time the bus left Hudson. Thus, the transcript on record contains evidence which, if
believed, reflects what the missing video would have shown. This argument is not well-taken.
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{¶37} On this record we cannot say that the court abused its discretion in reversing the
Board’s decision as not supported by substantial and credible evidence. The trial court’s judgment
was not “so profoundly and wholly violative of fact and reason that it evidences not the exercise
of will but perversity of will” and constitutes an abuse of discretion. Weaver, 2022-Ohio-4371, at
¶ 24. Accordingly, the Board’s third assignment of error is overruled.
Kaplack’s Appeal
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE COMMON PLEAS COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY NOT
REINSTATING [KAPLACK’S] SUPPLEMENTAL CONTRACT AFTER
DETERMINING THAT THE BOARD’S ORDER WAS NOT SUPPORTED
BY SUBSTANTIAL OR CREDIBLE EVIDENCE.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE COMMON PLEAS COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY NOT
REINSTATING [KAPLACK’S] SUPPLEMENTAL CONTRACT AFTER
DETERMINING THAT THE BOARD’S ORDER WAS NOT SUPPORTED
BY AND WAS AGAINST THE GREATER WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE
AND CONTRARY TO LAW.
{¶38} Kaplack’s two assignments of error will also be addressed in a consolidated fashion
as they contain similar evidentiary arguments.
{¶39} After overruling the Board’s decision to terminate Kaplack, the trial court ordered
that he was entitled to back-pay in the amount he would have earned had his supplemental contract
been renewed for the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 school years. Kaplack asks this Court to modify
the trial court’s journal entry to also reflect his reinstatement to a one-year supplemental coaching
contract in addition to awarding him back-pay in the amount he would have earned had his
supplemental contract been renewed for the 2021-2022, 2022-2023, and 2023-2024 (since Kaplack
did not coach for 2023-2024) school years. Kaplack argues that it is well-established that back
pay and reinstatement are the remedies for wrongful termination under R.C. 3319.16.
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{¶40} In his complaint, Kaplack made two requests: (1) for an order reinstating him to a
one-year supplemental head varsity baseball coach contract, and (2) for payment for any loss of
salary incurred for the period from his suspension without pay through his reinstatement as the
head varsity baseball coach. He made the same requests in his merit brief to the trial court.
However, the trial court’s ruling does not state whether Kaplack’s supplemental coaching contract
was reinstated. The ruling is silent in that regard and is limited to an award of back-pay in the
amount Kaplack would have earned for the two seasons he did not coach during the pendency of
the case.
{¶41} R.C. 3319.16 provides in relevant part that “[u]pon final hearing, the court shall
grant or deny the relief prayed for in the complaint . . . .” (Emphasis added.) Thus, the trial court’s
remedy is to issue a decision granting or denying the relief prayed for in the complaint. Bertolini
v. Whitehall City School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 2003-Ohio-2578, ¶ 40 (10th Dist.). Here, the trial court
granted Kaplack’s request for back-pay but it neither granted nor denied his request for
reinstatement. Therefore, though final, its ruling is incomplete.
{¶42} Furthermore, in addition to not ruling on the entirety of Kaplack’s prayer for relief
as required by R.C. 3319.16, the trial court’s remedy is out of order with the sequence set forth in
R.C. 3319.16. “R.C. 3319.16 provides that a teacher can either be terminated or be reinstated with
back pay.” Elsass v. St. Marys City School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 2011-Ohio-1870, ¶ 67 (3d Dist.),
citing Vogelsang v. Toledo Bd. of Edn., 1986 WL 1288 (6th Dist. Jan. 31, 1986). R.C. 3319.16
states:
If the decision, after hearing, is against termination of the contract, the charges and
the record of the hearing shall be physically expunged from the minutes, and, if the
teacher has suffered any loss of salary by reason of being suspended, the teacher
shall be paid the teacher’s full salary for the period of such suspension.
18
(Emphasis added.) “‘The option of awarding back-pay is included within the statute where there
is a determination that termination was not the proper remedy.’” Elsass at ¶ 67, quoting Vogelsang
at *5. “The statute only provides for lost salary reimbursement when the termination was found to
be wrong and the teacher is reinstated.” (Emphasis added.) Id. Accord Sasack, Lorain C.P. Nos.
22CV205243, 22CA011931 (Nov. 23, 2022) (trial court awarded appellant-varsity baseball coach
back-pay and reinstated his supplemental contract upon determining that there was no just cause
for termination).
{¶43} Considering Kaplack’s prayer for relief and the provisions of R.C. 3319.16, it could
be inferred that the trial court’s award of back-pay necessarily included the reinstatement of
Kaplack’s supplemental contract. However, the appropriate analysis under R.C. 3319.16 was for
the trial court to affirmatively make that determination. Although Kaplack has requested that this
Court address the issue by modifying the trial court’s judgment entry, this Court will not do so in
the first instance. See McCormick v. McCormick, 2022-Ohio-3543, ¶ 10 (9th Dist.).
{¶44} Accordingly, based on the foregoing, Kaplack’s first and second assignments of
error are sustained on the basis of the trial court’s failure to address the reinstatement of Kaplack’s
supplemental coaching contract in the first instance. The matter is remanded to the trial court for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
III.
{¶45} The judgment of the Medina County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed in part,
and reversed and remanded in part for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Judgment affirmed in part,
reversed in part,
and cause remanded.
19
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of
this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period
for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to
mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the
docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellee/Cross-Appellant.
SCOT STEVENSON
FOR THE COURT
SUTTON, J.
CONCURS.
HENSAL, J.
CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY.
APPEARANCES:
RACHEL M. REIGHT, Attorney at Law, for Appellant/Cross-Appellee.
DEREK L. TOWSTER, Attorney at Law, for Appellee/Cross-Appellant.