“A local rule that requires the entry of summary judgment simply because no papers opposing the motion are filed or served, and without regard to whether genuine issues of material fact exist, would 28 be inconsistent with Rule 56, hence impermissible under Rule 83.”
How later courts described this case
- “A local rule that requires the entry of summary judgment simply because no papers opposing the motion are filed or served, and without regard to whether genuine issues of material fact exist, would 28 be inconsistent with Rule 56, hence impermissible under Rule 83.”
- “The mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in support of the 14 plaintiff’s position will be insufficient; there must be evidence on which the jury could reasonably 15 find for the plaintiff.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
8 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
9
10 THETHESIUS HOSEA MOSLEY, No. 1:23-cv-00421-JLT-EPG (PC)
11 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDING THAT DEFENDANT’S
12 v.
MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT BE
13 ZEPP, GRANTED
14 Defendant. (ECF No. 41)
15 OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE WITHIN
THIRTY (30) DAYS
16
17 I. INTRODUCTION
18 Plaintiff Thethesius Hosea Mosley is a state prisoner proceeding pro se in this civil rights
19 action filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983.1 This case proceeds on Plaintiff’s deliberate
20 indifference claim against Defendant Zepp, stemming from Plaintiff’s allegations in his complaint
21 that Defendant failed to treat his knee injury.
22 On June 20, 2024, Defendant filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing that Plaintiff
23 does not have evidence to support his claim and the undisputed facts showed that Defendant
24 extensively treated Plaintiff’s knee injury. (ECF No. 41). As discussed further below, despite
multiple extensions that culminated in a December 20, 2024 deadline for Plaintiff to oppose
25
Defendant’s motion, Plaintiff has failed to do so.
26
27
28 1 Plaintiff is not proceeding in forma pauperis. (April 24, 2023 docket entry noting receipt for filing fee).
1 Upon review, the Court concludes that Defendant has shown that Plaintiff does not have
2 evidence to sustain this case and Plaintiff, who has failed to respond to the motion for summary
3 judgment, has not shown any genuine issues for trial. Accordingly, the Court will recommend that
4 Defendant’s motion for summary judgment be granted.
II. BACKGROUND
5
A. Plaintiff’s Complaint
6
Plaintiff filed his complaint in March 2023. (ECF No. 1). He alleges as follows.
7
On June 3, 2021, Plaintiff was jumping onto the dayroom table as a form of exercise and
8
felt a pop in his left knee. Afterwards, he could not walk or put pressure on the knee. He
9
requested medical attention and was seen by a nurse and was informed that Defendant Zepp was
10
going to be on vacation for 60 days. Therefore, he was denied any form of medical care for his
11
“swollen left meniscus tear knee.”
12
Thereafter, Plaintiff generally indicates that he requested medical care but was denied any
13
type of basic treatment. Notably, by July 26, 2021, no care, including pain medication, had been
14
provided.
15
Accordingly, Plaintiff filed a healthcare grievance on August 6, 2021, because the “entire
16
medical staff failed to assist [him] with any type of care as” his condition worsened. The only
17 way to get to his appointments was to limp there or ask a young person to help him. The doctor
18 refused to provide him a cane.
19 Plaintiff was not getting anywhere with KVSP administration, and “went to the next
20 level,” but nothing actually changed as far as him receiving medical help for his knee. Plaintiff is
21 still having trouble with his knee, and his “physical therapy sessions are mostly stop and go
22 sessions whereas the preparation to getting surgery has depended on” completing physical
23 therapy and the problem is that “the correction officer fail[ed] to transport [him] to the session.”
24 Plaintiff states that he received no medications for his knee for eighteen months. “Only
after filing with the Government Claims Program, Office of Risk and Insurance Management
25
Department of General Services, did real results for corrective treatment start, which began” with
26
a first pain shot on October 28, 2022.
27
Plaintiff concludes by listing some specific allegations that appear directed against
28
1 Defendant Zepp, stating that Zepp “watched his patient suffer for nearly 6 months and without the
2 least care for a patient who actually pleaded with him for medical treatment from . . . day one.”
3 Plaintiff told Zepp that it had to be a meniscus tear, but Zepp just laughed and said he was in
4 more pain than Plaintiff and told him that his knee pain was just osteoarthritis even though his
knee had remained swollen for nearly four months. Plaintiff had a purple visible swollen knee,
5
but Zepp refused him basic care and it took him nine months to order a cane even after Plaintiff’s
6
condition worsened.
7
At screening, the Court determined that only Plaintiff’s claim that Defendant Zepp was
8
deliberately indifferent to his serious medical needs in violation of the Eighth Amendment should
9
proceed. (ECF No. 9). After Plaintiff filed a notice to proceed on only this claim (ECF No. 11),
10
the Court issued findings and recommendations consistent with the screening order (ECF No. 13),
11
which the District Judge adopted (ECF No. 17).
12
B. Defendant’s Motion and Plaintiff’s Lack of Opposition
13
On June 20, 2024, Defendant filed a motion for summary judgment arguing that Plaintiff
14
did not have evidence to support his claim and that Defendant provided extensive treatment for
15
Plaintiff’s knee. (ECF No. 41). Thereafter, the Court granted Plaintiff three extensions to respond
16 to the motion, mainly based on Plaintiff’s professed lack of access to legal materials, which
17 culminated in a final deadline of December 20, 2024, for Plaintiff to file his opposition. (ECF
18 Nos. 44, 48, 63). When added together, the granted extensions equal about five extra months for
19 Plaintiff to respond to the motion for summary judgment.
20 However, despite warning Plaintiff that, if he failed to timely respond, “Defendant’s
21 motion for summary judgment may be granted, and this case may be dismissed, without giving
22 him a further opportunity to respond,” Plaintiff has failed to file an opposition, file another
23 extension request, or file anything since the Court’s last order on the issue. (ECF No. 66).
III. DEFENDANT’S MOTION AND UNDISPUTED FACTS
24
Defendant’s motion for summary judgment primarily argues that Plaintiff lacks evidence
25
to support his claim that Defendant was deliberately indifferent to his serious medical needs
26
related to his knee injury.2 (ECF No. 41). Rather, Defendant contends that Defendant provided
27
28 2 Defendant also argues that Defendant is entitled to qualified immunity and that Plaintiff’s claim for
1 Plaintiff extensive treatment for his knee. In support of this argument, Defendant attaches
2 evidence to his motion for summary judgment, which mainly consists of Defendant’s declaration
3 and Plaintiff’s medical records.
4 As required by Local Rule 260(a), Defendant has provided a statement of undisputed
facts, which cite the corresponding evidence used to support them. (ECF No. 41-3). Summarized,
5
the most material facts that Defendant relies on are as follows:
6
Plaintiff was confined at Kern Valley State Prison at the time of the events alleged and
7
Defendant was a doctor and surgeon who worked at the prison. Plaintiff received a nursing
8
evaluation on June 10, 2021, for complaints of left knee pain after he purportedly injured his knee
9
jumping over a table. The knee was not swollen or deformed; Plaintiff had a normal gait, and he
10
received a bandage. The nurse submitted a refill slip for a gel that Plaintiff could use on his knee.
11
Defendant ordered an x-ray of the knee that same day, which revealed only minimal
12
osteoarthritis—the knee was not broken or dislocated. Defendant saw Plaintiff on July 2, 2021,
13
for knee pain complaints and a follow up on the x-ray. An examination revealed mostly normal
14
findings and Defendant developed a working diagnosis that Plaintiff had tendinitis given his
15
recent high-impact exercise, osteoarthritis, and obesity. There was no indication that Plaintiff
16 needed emergent medical attention. Defendant prescribed prednisone, maintained another
17 prescription, and ordered a consultation with a dietician to help with Plaintiff’s obesity.
18 After some intervening treatment with other medical providers, Plaintiff saw Defendant
19 again on September 16, 2021, including for complaints of knee pain. Defendant noted that
20 Plaintiff had a short left leg and had custom orthopedic footwear to account for the difference.
21 Defendant updated the custom orthotic footwear accommodation.
22 Plaintiff saw Defendant again on October 25, 2021, in part for complaints of knee pain.
23 Plaintiff’s exam was mostly normal, e.g., his range of motion in his leg left was normal, he could
get on and off the exam table without issue, and his knee was not swollen. However, Defendant
24
suspected a medial meniscus tear based on some abnormal findings and ordered physical therapy
25
and an MRI of Plaintiff’s left knee. Likewise, Defendant recommended that Plaintiff continue
26
27
punitive damages fails. The Court need not address these arguments as Defendant’s primary argument—
28 that Plaintiff lacks evidence to support his claim—disposes of this case.
1 using a gel for pain relief, but denied Plaintiff’s request for other medications that Defendant
2 determined were not appropriate for a meniscus tear.
3 Defendant met with Plaintiff on December 17, 2021, to address his request for a cane.
4 Again, Plaintiff had normal findings on examination, e.g., a normal gait. Defendant ordered a
cane and re-ordered an MRI, which had been previously denied because Plaintiff had not yet
5
completed physical therapy.
6
Defendant met with Plaintiff again on December 27, 2021, and by this time, the MRI had
7
been approved despite Plaintiff not yet completing physical therapy. The physical exam of
8
Plaintiff was normal.
9
Plaintiff had his MRI on January 21, 2022, which revealed no discrete tear of either of
10
Plaintiff’s menisci and only a fraying of his lateral meniscus. He met with Defendant for a follow
11
up of the MRI results on February 14, 2022. Plaintiff had some normal findings; however,
12
Defendant noted that Plaintiff had pain in the medial joint space of his left knee, which is the
13
opposite side of where the frayed meniscus was. This, along with a positive McMurray test, and
14
Plaintiff’s medial left knee joint being tender, indicated to Defendant that Plaintiff’s medial
15
meniscus was damage. Defendant submitted an electronic consultation for an orthopedic opinion
16 for what appeared to be inconsistent findings from the MRI and the physical examinations.
17 Defendant also later ordered a request for orthopedic surgery.
18 On March 7, 2022, Defendant reviewed Plaintiff’s medical file and updated the care plan,
19 noting that the request for orthopedic surgery was denied pending Plaintiff’s completion of
20 physical therapy. Defendant submitted another e-consult to orthopedics. On March 8, 2022, the
21 orthopedic e-consult results stated that a frayed meniscus would not result in the knee giving out
22 and recommended PT.
23 Defendant saw Plaintiff on March 10, 2022, in part to discuss the e-consult and the denial
of surgery. However, Defendant did not attempt to physically examine Plaintiff based on his loud
24
and threatening demeanor. Plaintiff started physical therapy and received his first physical
25
therapy evaluation on March 14, 2022.
26
On May 2, 2022, Defendant met with Plaintiff to address his complaint that someone had
27
bumped into his left knee. The physical exam was normal, but Plaintiff still had knee pain.
28
1 Defendant ordered another x-ray and refused Plaintiff’s request for medications that Defendant
2 deemed inappropriate. The x-ray revealed no fracture, dislocation, or swelling—only mild
3 osteoarthritis.
4 On June 13, 2022, Defendant met with Plaintiff and noted that he was ambulatory and that
Plaintiff needed to complete physical therapy before he received a face-to-face orthopedic
5
consultation.
6
As Plaintiff’s physical therapy was nearing its end, Defendant submitted a request for
7
orthopedic surgery evaluation on July 22, 2022, and the request was approved on July 25.
8
On September 20, 2022, Defendant had his final meeting with Plaintiff as his primary care
9
provider. Defendant informed Plaintiff that he was approved for an orthopedic consultation, but
10
they were waiting for it to be scheduled with the outside institution. Plaintiff was ambulatory and
11
his physical exam results were normal.
12
Plaintiff received additional care after his conclusion of treatment with Defendant.
13
On October 12, 2022, Plaintiff was discharged from physical therapy—having completed
14
13 out of 14 sessions with a final session date of October 5, 2022. Additionally, Plaintiff had an
15
x-ray of his knee, a meeting with another provider for his knee pain, an intra-articular injection,
16 and finally an arthroscopic surgery on his left knee on September 1, 2023, which surgery revealed
17 a horizontal tear of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. Plaintiff had three post-operative
18 visits that noted no complications following the surgery.
19 IV. LEGAL STANDARDS
20 A. Motion for Summary Judgment
21 Summary judgment in favor of a party is appropriate when there “is no genuine dispute as
22 to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P.
23 56(a); Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162, 1169 (9th Cir. 2014) (en banc) (“If there is a genuine
dispute about material facts, summary judgment will not be granted.”). A party asserting that a
24
fact cannot be disputed must support the assertion by
25
citing to particular parts of materials in the record, including depositions,
26 documents, electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations,
stipulations (including those made for purposes of the motion only), admissions,
27
interrogatory answers, or other materials, or showing that the materials cited do
28 not establish the absence or presence of a genuine dispute, or that an adverse party
1 cannot produce admissible evidence to support the fact.
2 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1).
3 A party moving for summary judgment “bears the initial responsibility of informing the
4 district court of the basis for its motion, and identifying those portions of ‘the pleadings,
depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if
5
any,’ which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” Celotex
6
Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)). “Where the non-
7
moving party bears the burden of proof at trial, the moving party need only prove that there is an
8
absence of evidence to support the non-moving party’s case.” In re Oracle Corp. Sec. Litig., 627
9
F.3d 376, 387 (9th Cir. 2010). If the moving party does so, “the burden then shifts to the non-
10
moving party to designate specific facts demonstrating the existence of genuine issues for trial,”
11
which is not a light burden, the party “must come forth with evidence from which a jury could
12
reasonably render a verdict in the non-moving party’s favor.” Id.; see Anderson v. Liberty Lobby,
13
Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 252 (1986) (“The mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in support of the
14
plaintiff’s position will be insufficient; there must be evidence on which the jury could reasonably
15 find for the plaintiff.”). “[A] complete failure of proof concerning an essential element of the
16 nonmoving party’s case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial.” Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322.
17 Additionally, “[a] summary judgment motion cannot be defeated by relying solely on conclusory
18 allegations unsupported by factual data.” Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 1989).
19 In reviewing the evidence at the summary judgment stage, the Court “must draw all
20 reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.” Comite de Jornaleros
21 de Redondo Beach v. City of Redondo Beach, 657 F.3d 936, 942 (9th Cir. 2011). It need only
22 draw inferences, however, where there is “evidence in the record . . . from which a reasonable
inference . . . may be drawn”; the Court need not entertain inferences that are unsupported by fact.
23
Celotex, 477 U.S. at 330 n. 2 (citation omitted). In reviewing a summary judgment motion, the
24
Court may consider other materials in the record not cited to by the parties but is not required to
25
do so. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(3); Carmen v. San Francisco Unified School Dist., 237 F.3d 1026,
26
1031 (9th Cir. 2001).
27
28
1 B. Deliberate Indifference to Serious Medical Needs
2 “[T]o maintain an Eighth Amendment claim based on prison medical treatment, an inmate
3 must show ‘deliberate indifference to serious medical needs.’” Jett v. Penner, 439 F.3d 1091,
4 1096 (9th Cir. 2006) (quoting Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976)). This requires Plaintiff
to show (1) “a ‘serious medical need’ by demonstrating that ‘failure to treat a prisoner’s condition
5
could result in further significant injury or the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain,’” and
6
(2) that “the defendant’s response to the need was deliberately indifferent.” Id. (quoting
7
McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059-60 (9th Cir. 1992)) (citation and internal quotations
8
marks omitted), overruled on other grounds by WMX Technologies v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 (9th
9
Cir. 1997) (en banc).
10
Deliberate indifference is established only where the defendant subjectively “knows of and
11
disregards an excessive risk to inmate health and safety.” Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1051, 1057
12
(9th Cir. 2004) (emphasis added) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Deliberate
13
indifference can be established “by showing (a) a purposeful act or failure to respond to a
14
prisoner’s pain or possible medical need and (b) harm caused by the indifference.” Jett, 439 F.3d
15
at 1096 (citation omitted). Civil recklessness (failure “to act in the face of an unjustifiably high
16 risk of harm that is either known or so obvious that it should be known”) is insufficient to
17 establish an Eighth Amendment violation. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 836-37 & n.5
18 (1994) (citations omitted).
19 A difference of opinion between an inmate and prison medical personnel—or between
20 medical professionals—regarding appropriate medical diagnosis and treatment is not enough to
21 establish a deliberate indifference claim. Sanchez v. Vild, 891 F.2d 240, 242 (9th Cir. 1989);
22 Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1051, 1058 (9th Cir. 2004). Additionally, “a complaint that a
23 physician has been negligent in diagnosing or treating a medical condition does not state a valid
claim of medical mistreatment under the Eighth Amendment. Medical malpractice does not
24
become a constitutional violation merely because the victim is a prisoner.” Estelle, 429 U.S. at
25
106. To establish a difference of opinion rising to the level of deliberate indifference, a “plaintiff
26
must show that the course of treatment the doctors chose was medically unacceptable under the
27
circumstances.” Jackson v. McIntosh, 90 F.3d 330, 332 (9th Cir. 1996).
28
1 V. ANALYSIS
2 In light of the above legal standards and undisputed facts, the Court now considers
3 Defendant’s motion for summary judgment, which argues that Plaintiff has no evidence to
4 support his claim and the undisputed facts establish that Defendant provided extensive medical
treatment for Plaintiff’s knee and thus was not deliberately indifferent to Plaintiff’s serious
5
medical needs.3
6
Upon review, the Court concludes that Defendant has met Defendant’s initial burden of
7
showing that there is an absence of evidence to support Plaintiff’s claims. As Defendant argues,
8
the undisputed evidence shows that Defendant extensively treated Plaintiff’s knee injury, contrary
9
to the assertions in the complaint that Plaintiff received essentially no treatment. Among other
10
things, shortly after his knee injury, Plaintiff received treatment, including from Defendant. And
11
throughout Plaintiff’s subsequent medical treatment and despite mostly normal examination
12
findings, Defendant took Plaintiff’s complaints seriously and consistently saw him multiple times
13
for his knee injury; ordered consultations with other providers; ordered x-rays, an MRI, and
14
physical therapy; and referred him for an evaluation for orthopedic surgery, which surgery was
15
ultimately performed.
16 In light of the extensive treatment record establishing that Defendant was not deliberately
17 indifferent to Plaintiff’s knee injury, the burden shifts to Plaintiff to designate specific evidence
18 demonstrating the existence of genuine issues for trial. However, Plaintiff has offered no evidence
19 in opposition to Defendant’s evidence, let alone evidence from which a jury could reasonably
20 render a verdict in his favor.
21 Accordingly, as the undisputed evidence does not support Plaintiff’s claim that Defendant
22 was deliberately indifferent to his serious medical needs, the Court will recommend that
23 Defendant’s motion for summary judgment be granted and this case be dismissed.
24
3 Under Local Rule 230(c), the Court construes Plaintiff’s “failure to file a timely opposition . . . as a
25 nonopposition to the motion.” However, the Court will not recommend granting Defendant’s motion for
summary judgment solely because Plaintiff failed to file a response. Rather, consistent with the summary
26 judgment standards discussed below, the Court will consider whether Defendant has sufficiently
demonstrated that summary judgment is warranted. Cf. Henry v. Gill Indus., Inc., 983 F.2d 943, 950 (9th
27 Cir. 1993) (“A local rule that requires the entry of summary judgment simply because no papers opposing
the motion are filed or served, and without regard to whether genuine issues of material fact exist, would
28 be inconsistent with Rule 56, hence impermissible under Rule 83.”).
1 VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
2 For the above reasons, there is not a genuine dispute of material fact and Defendant is
3 | entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
4 Accordingly, IT IS RECOMMENDED that Defendant’s motion for summary judgment
5 | (ECF No. 41) be granted, that judgment be entered in Defendant’s favor, and that the Clerk of
6 Court be directed to close this case.
7 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge
8 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within thirty (30) days
9 after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written
objections with the court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge's
8 Findings and Recommendations.” Any reply to the objections shall be served and filed within
fourteen (14) days after service of the objections. The parties are advised that failure to file
2 objections within the specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v.
13 Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394
14 | (oth Cir, 1991).
15
16 | IT IS SO ORDERED.
'T | Dated: _ January 16, 2025 [JF Phy —
18 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Ww