Palamar, J. v. Palamar, K.

J-A17003-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

JASON M. PALAMAR O/B/O V.I.P., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA

:

:

v. :

:

:

KEILA F. PALAMAR :

: No. 311 EDA 2021

Appellant :

Appeal from the Order Entered January 21, 2021

In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County Civil Division at No(s):

No. 2021-PF-0041

BEFORE: McLAUGHLIN, J., KING, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 7, 2021

K.F.P. (“Mother”) appeals from the order granting a petition for

protection from abuse (“PFA”) filed by J.M.P. (“Father”). Mother contends the

evidence did not support a finding of abuse. We affirm.

Father and Mother are legally married but separated. They have one

child, V.P. (“Child”), and share custody. On January 12, 2021, Father filed a

PFA petition against Mother, seeking protection for both himself and Child.1 A

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 This is the first PFA petition filed against Mother, but not the first PFA petition

involving the parties. Mother had previously filed a PFA petition on November

5, 2020, against Father for both herself and Child. The parties reached an

agreement where Mother would withdraw the petition after certain conditions

were met. Father filed a petition seeking enforcement of the agreement, which

the trial court granted. This Court affirmed. See K.F.P. OBO Minor V.I.P. v.

(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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temporary PFA was issued, ex parte, that same day. On January 21, 2021,

after both parties appeared pro se at a hearing, the court entered a PFA order

against Mother with Father as the named protected person. At the hearing,

Father agreed Child should not be listed as a protected person. N.T., 1/21/21,

at 12.

Father testified about four occasions when Mother appeared at his

house. The first occurred in October 2020, when he emailed her to see what

medicine she was giving Child for his stuffy nose. Father expected an email

response, but Mother arrived at his house with the over-the-counter medicine.

Id. at 22. In the second incident, in November 2020, Mother arrived at

Father’s house to pick up Child. Id. Father testified it was his custody weekend

and, when he did not allow her to have Child, she protested outside his home.

Id. She held a sign that “said something along the lines of ‘Tell your neighbor

to give me my son back.’” Id.

Father also testified about a third incident, in December 2020, in which

Mother dropped off Child at his house with his parents at 7:00 p.m. and

remained in her car outside his home for almost 30 minutes, until he returned

from work. Id. at 19. He saw Mother’s car when he arrived home, and he got

out his phone to record her. Id. As soon as he got out of his car, she “took off

down the road.” Id. He walked to the end of the block and, instead of turning

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J.M.P., 2334 EDA 2020 (Pa.Super. filed June 1, 2021). Mother filed a Motion

for Reconsideration, which this Court denied.

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left out of the neighborhood, she “abruptly turned right and drove right

towards [him].” Id. at 19-20. He stated that he turned and walked back to

his house and she “slowly followed [him] in her car to [his] house.” Id. at 20.

On a fourth occasion, in January 2021, as Father was leaving for work

at 5:50 a.m., he saw Mother sitting in her car outside his home. N.T., 1/21/21,

at 16. She said she was there to pick up Child, but he expected her to pick

Child up from daycare at 4:00 p.m. that afternoon. Id. at 16-17. He

acknowledged she had emailed the night before to make a different pick-up

arrangement, but he did not respond. Id. at 17. Father testified that he was

“now . . . fearful where I wasn’t before” and stated he believed she would

physically abuse him. Id. at 14-15. After Father’s testimony the court stated,

“Okay. It seems to me like you are a little nervous.” Id. at 23.

Mother testified and agreed that she was at Father’s house on the

occasions mentioned but disagreed with Father’s characterization of events.

She believed that Father, not his parents, was to be present for all custody

times. She also said that he had to always provide her a right of first refusal

if Father was not with Child or Child was not in daycare.

The court credited Father’s testimony and granted the PFA. It found

Father established that Mother “knowingly engag[ed] in a course of conduct

or repeatedly commit[ed] acts toward another person, including following the

person without proper authority under circumstances which place the person

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in reasonable fear of bodily injury.” Id. at 37. Mother filed a timely Notice of

Appeal.2

Mother raises the following issues:

1[.] Did the event(s) that prompted [Father’s] filing of the

protection from abuse petition, by a preponderance of

evidence, rise to the level of abuse defined by the Protection

from Abuse Act/law?

2[.] Did the trial court fail to thoroughly consider the case

facts, available evidence and allow all parties to be heard,

prior to ruling in favor of [Father]?

3[.] It is in the interest of justice to set aside the final

protection from abuse order dated January 21, 2021.

Mother’s Br. at 4 (answers omitted).

We will address Mother’s first and third issues together, because in both

she contends that Father did not present sufficient evidence to support the

PFA order. Mother argues Father filed the PFA petition in retaliation because

she filed a petition for contempt in the custody proceeding. She argues

Father’s testimony “did not rise to the level of abuse defined by the act.” Id.

at 8 (citation omitted). She argues the case is similar to Ferri v. Ferri, 854

A.2d 600 (Pa.Super. 2004), where this Court reversed an order granting a PFA

petition because the petitioner had not presented sufficient grounds to support

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2 Mother requested a transcript from the final hearing but failed to pay for it

and did not respond to the trial court’s orders in January and February 2021,

requiring payment. On March 1, 2021, the Superior Court issued an order

requiring Mother to pay the costs of the transcripts no later than March 12,

2021, and warned that failure to pay would result in the appeal’s dismissal.

Mother paid for the transcript on March 5, 2021.

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the PFA order. Id. at 8-9. She argues she was at Father’s house to exercise

her custody rights and that, when she picketed out front of his house, the

police confirmed it was not harassment or any criminal offense. She notes

there were no threats or contact between the parties and Father was not

present when Mother stayed in the car after dropping Child off with Father’s

parents. She argues Father was not afraid of bodily harm.3

The definition of “abuse” in the PFA Act includes “knowingly engaging in

a course of conduct or repeatedly committing acts toward another person,

including following the person, without proper authority, under circumstances

which place the person in reasonable fear of bodily injury,” when such conduct

occurs “between family or household members, sexual or intimate partners or

persons who share biological parenthood.” 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6102(a)(5).

To obtain a PFA order, the petitioner must prove the allegation of abuse

by a preponderance of the evidence. 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6107(a). The

“preponderance of the evidence standard is defined as the greater weight of

the evidence, i.e., [enough] to tip a scale slightly.” E.K. v. J.R.A., 237 A.3d

509, 519 (Pa.Super. 2020) (quoting Raker v. Raker, 847 A.2d 720, 724 (Pa.

Super. 2004)) (alteration in original). To determine whether the evidence

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3 Mother also claims the court did not allow her to present relevant evidence.

However, she does not specify what evidence the court failed to allow her to

present and does not support the argument with case law. She therefore

waived this argument. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119; Bombar v. W. Am. Ins. Co., 932

A.2d 78, 92, 93 (Pa.Super. 2007) (finding claims waived where appellant did

not cite place in record where it was raised or any relevant authority).

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supported the PFA order, we review the evidence in the light most favorable

to the petitioner and defer to the trial court’s credibility determinations. Id.

(citing K.B. v. Tinsley, 208 A.3d 123, 128 (Pa.Super. 2019)).

Here, the trial court found Mother’s uninvited and unannounced visits

constituted a course of conduct that caused reasonable fear in Father. The

court stated Mother’s actions were escalating and it was reasonable to be

concerned that she had “no boundaries on her behavior”:

There is an existing custody order. The order, entered in

Montgomery County, allowed the parties equal times of

physical custody of the child. It was amended on January 6,

2021, to provide that the parties would offer right of first

refusal to take care of the child when the other party was

unable to watch the child during his/her own custodial time.

There was some testimony from Father which I instantly

disregarded, and did not ask Mother for testimony

concerning these allegations. Father, who was seeking the

PFA, testified that Mother hit him about a year and a half

ago. I disregarded this because of its remoteness in time,

and lack of any evidence of injury or attempt to injure. He

also testified that she came from a “bad family.” . . .

I disregarded this evidence as well, although Mother had not

objected, because it was clearly hearsay. It is the duty of

the judge to disregard improper evidence, especially where

the parties do not have the benefit of counsel.

...

The testimony of both parties was essentially in accord, at

least as concerned the multiple visits.

Both parties agree to the essentials, the dates and times

when Mother appeared, uninvited, at Father’s house. There

is some disagreement as to the details of behavior, such as

which party acted with a show of menace toward the other.

No doubt the encounters were mutually unpleasant.

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Pursuant to [the] Protection from Abuse Act, “abuse” is

defined, in part, as follows:

“Abuse.” The occurrence of one or more of the

following acts between family or household members,

sexual or intimate partners or persons who share

biological parenthood:

(5) Knowingly engaging in a course of conduct or

repeatedly committing acts toward another person,

including following the person, without proper

authority, under circumstances which place the

person in reasonable fear of bodily injury...

23 Pa. C.S.A. § 6102.

Mother’s repeated appearances at Father’s house are not

authorized. The custody order had provided for her custody

pick up to be at day care. Mother agrees that that is what

the order provides.

The final question is whether the unauthorized course of

conduct was under circumstances which place the person in

reasonable fear of bodily injury.

Father testified to his fear, and we find his testimony to be

credible. “Now I am fearful where I wasn’t before.” N.T. p.

14, line 25.

When asked if he believed she would hurt him, he

responded, “I believe she will, yes”.

We believe his fear to be reasonable. Mother is attempting

to exercise what she believes to be her custody rights by

repeatedly harassing Father at his home, and by showing up

without invitation, agreement, or announcement. She raised

the bar by picketing his home, [and] even though such

action might not have violated township ordinance[, i]t is

reasonable to be concerned that the Mother has no

boundaries on her behavior.

The purpose of the PFA Act is to protect victims of domestic

violence from those who perpetrate such abuse, with the

primary goal of advance prevention of physical and sexual

abuse. E.K. v. J.R.A., 237 A.3d 509 (Pa.Super. 2020),

Buchhalter v. Buchhalter, 959 A.2d 1260, 1262

(Pa.Super. 2008). To that end, the objective is to determine

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whether the victim is in reasonable fear of bodily injury. See

Raker v. Raker, 2004 Pa. Super. 107, 847 A.2d 720, 725

(2004). Past acts play a significant role in making such a

determination. See E.K.[, 237 A.3d] at 519 (citing Raker,

[847 A.2d] at 725).

If Father is denying her custody which she believes to be

court ordered, she must seek relief through the custody

court and not by self-help.

Mother believes that she was entitled to these behaviors

because she was attempting to enforce the custody rights

given to her by a custody order entered in Montgomery

County.

Mother seemed to be under the mistaken belief that because

she believed herself to be the lawful custodian of the child

at the times of her appearance at Father’s home, that she

was acting within the law. She seems to believe that the fact

that she did not violate any other laws meant that she was

immune from a finding that she had committed “abuse”

under the statue.

Notably, the intent of the alleged abuser is not relevant to

our determination. See Buchhalter, [959 A.2d] at 1263.

If Father repeatedly violated provisions of the custody order,

Mother’s actions were clearly unsuccessful, and were only

repeated to force and intimidate the Father into compliance

with the order.

We did not evaluate which party was entitled to custody of

the child at these times, because if there are violations of

the custody orders, the appropriate relief is in the court

where that originated, Custody court.

Trial Ct. Op., filed Apr. 21, 2021, at 8-13 (some citations to record omitted).

Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Father, and deferring

to the trial court’s factual findings, we conclude there was sufficient evidence

to find Father proved by a preponderance of the evidence that Mother engaged

in conduct that placed him in fear of bodily injury. Mother repeatedly came to

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Father’s home when not invited, remained outside for various amounts of

time, and picketed. Father testified he had fear of injury now, where he did

not before. It was not an abuse of discretion for the court to find this fear

reasonable due to Mother’s escalating behavior.

Ferri is inapposite. There, a trial court granted the PFA petition filed by

a child’s father on behalf of the child and against the child’s mother. The PFA

order was based on testimony from a neighbor that she saw the child’s mother

slap the child and the child said the slap was “hard.” Ferri, 854 A.2d at 601-

02. The record did not contain evidence of an actual injury. Id. at 604. We

determined that the evidence did not support the PFA, because there was no

evidence of an actual injury, the record was devoid of evidence the alleged

victim was in reasonable fear of imminent bodily injury, and the father did not

argue the child was in fear. In contrast, here, Father testified he was afraid,

and the testimony supported the court’s finding that Father’s fear was

reasonable.4

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4 Mother also claims the proceedings “should never have gone past the ex

parte hearing” and the court erred when it issued the temporary order.

However, as the court then conducted a full hearing, and issued a permanent

order, any claim challenging the temporary PFA order is moot See Ferko-Fox

v. Fox, 68 A.3d 917, 920 (Pa.Super. 2013) (noting an issue relating to the

propriety of a temporary PFA order is moot where the trial court entered final

PFA order unless the issue is of great public importance, is capable of

repetition but likely to evade review, or is likely to cause continuing detriment

to a party).

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In her second claim, Mother claims the court failed to thoroughly review

the incidents. She claims that Father stated Mother did not try to speak with

him on the night of the December 2020 incident, but the communications from

that night establish she did. She further notes that Father claims she was

harassing him when she parked near his home, but admitted he was at work

while she was parked there.

Mother has waived this claim because she failed to support it with any

case law or citations to the record. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119; Bombar, 932 A.2d

at 93 (finding claim waived where appellant did not cite any relevant

authority). Furthermore, the examples Mother cites regarding the court’s

failure to review the evidence do not accurately portray Father’s testimony.

Father testified that Mother did send an email in December, but when the

court asked if she wanted to talk to him, he stated, “No. We don’t

communicate. Everything we do is through electronic messaging.” N.T.

1/21/21, at 21. Father did not say that Mother did not contact him that night.

Rather, he said she emailed him, but they did not otherwise communicate that

evening. That Father was not home while she was parked there does not

negate a finding of harassment, where she remained outside for half an hour,

then, after he returned home, followed him in her car.

Order affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 9/7/2021

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