“It is a well-established principle of law that this Court will not decide moot questions.”
How later courts described this case
- “It is a well-established principle of law that this Court will not decide moot questions.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
J-S10034-21
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ZACHARY CLAYTON CAPRIOTTI :
:
Appellant : No. 1287 MDA 2020
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered September 1, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Sullivan County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-57-CR-0000021-2019
BEFORE: MURRAY, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY PELLEGRINI, J.: FILED AUGUST 27, 2021
Zachary Clayton Capriotti (Capriotti) appeals from the judgment of
sentence entered by the Court of Common Pleas of Sullivan County (trial
court) after his jury conviction of one count of Possession of a Firearm
Prohibited as a first degree felony, three counts of Possession of a Firearm
Prohibited as a second degree felony, and one count each of misdemeanors,
Endangering the Welfare of Children (EWOC), Possession of a Controlled
Substance, Possession of Drug Paraphernalia and Marijuana-Small Amount.1
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 The trial court entered a separate sentencing order at the above docket
number for each count. Capriotti filed one notice of appeal, attaching each
sentencing order. We conclude that this does not conflict with
Commonwealth v. Walker, 185 A.3d 969 (Pa. 2018), because the trial court
docket reflects only one entry for the judgment of sentence.
J-S10034-21
On appeal, Capriotti challenges the denial of his motion to suppress, the
admission of evidence and the sentence imposed. We vacate and remand.
We take the following facts and procedural history from the trial court’s
November 30, 2020 opinion and our independent review of the record.
I.
A.
On July 19, 2019, Capriotti was arrested and charged arising out of an
incident occurring at a property owned by his parents, Enrico and Arlene
Capriotti (Enrico and Arlene), containing a restaurant and upstairs apartment.
The incident resulted in the seizure of firearms, drugs and paraphernalia.
Capriotti filed a motion to suppress evidence in which he asserted that he had
a proprietary possessory interest in the entire property, including the
restaurant and apartment owned by his parents. Because his parents had no
right to be on the property, he contended that they did not have the authority
to allow the police to search protected areas of the building. He further alleged
that his parents were trespassing on the date of the incident.
At the hearing on the motion to suppress, Enrico and Arlene,
Pennsylvania State Trooper Curtin Benjamin, Martin Spotts and Catherine
Vaughn testified. Capriotti did not testify on his own behalf.
-2-
J-S10034-21
1.
Arlene testified that in 2014, she and her husband allowed Capriotti to
move into the upstairs apartment at the property after his release from prison
so that he had a residence for parole purposes.2 (See N.T. Hearing, 6/09/19,
at 10). Enrico and Arlene had an oral agreement with Capriotti that, in return
for being allowed to stay in the apartment, Capriotti would pay the mortgage
and any bills associated with the premises and run the restaurant. In
approximately September/October 2018, Capriotti began having problems
paying the mortgage, and in November/December 2018, the insurance on the
building was cancelled for nonpayment. Enrico and Arlene took over
Capriotti’s agreed payment obligations. The parties discussed that Capriotti
would have to find another place to stay if he did not take care of his
obligations and in November 2019, they decided to sell the premises, calling
an auctioneer to make arrangements.
In February 2019, Enrico and Arlene took over running the restaurant
and new locks were installed so Capriotti could no longer access the
restaurant, although he had continued access to the upstairs apartment via
back stairs so he could remove his belongings. (See id. at 17-19, 42). At
that time, Enrico told Capriotti he had two weeks to move out and Capriotti
told him that he had guns in the wall of the restaurant he would need to
____________________________________________
2 Capriotti was on parole for an October 5, 2006 conviction.
-3-
J-S10034-21
retrieve. (See id. at 20). Enrico believed that the guns were hidden in the
restaurant kitchen wall that had recently been painted white, when previously
it had been green like all the others. (See id. at 26).
On February 17, 2019, Capriotti came into the restaurant while Arlene
was there. At that time, Capriotti’s cousin, Caleb Stoner, was also visiting and
staying with Capriotti in the apartment. Arlene saw Capriotti pull a pistol in a
brown leather holster out of the kitchen area. He was acting irrational and
swinging the pistol around. Arlene called 911. (See id. at 24). When state
police troopers arrived, Capriotti was no longer holding the handgun and he
left the premises after briefly speaking with them. Arlene testified that either
she or Enrico told the state police troopers that Capriotti told them there were
guns in the restaurant kitchen wall, and Enrico used a utility knife to cut into
the wall while Trooper Curtis Benjamin was watching and discovered two rifles.
(See id. at 26-27, 51-52). The state police troopers took possession of the
firearms and left the premises.
Arlene stated that after the state police troopers left, she and Enrico
were concerned that there were more guns on the premises and Enrico went
into the apartment to search. When Enrico found two pistols and drugs on a
ledge in the closet of her grandson’s room, Enrico and Arlene called the state
police troopers again and Trooper Curtis Benjamin came back and retrieved
the contraband. (See id. at 56). Arlene identified one of the guns as the
same one she had seen Capriotti waving around earlier. (See id. at 34, 59).
-4-
J-S10034-21
On February 22, 2019, Enrico and Arlene began formal eviction
proceedings because they were concerned that if Capriotti was released from
prison, he would “come back and destroy the place.” (Id. at 59); (see id. at
43). There was no question in her mind that they had all agreed that Capriotti
had to leave since he was not meeting his half of the deal.
2.
Consistent with Arlene, Trooper Benjamin testified that on February 17,
2019, he, Pennsylvania State Police Corporal Sadowski and Trooper Price were
dispatched to the scene of the incident because of Arlene’s 911 call. Outside
the restaurant, he spoke to Capriotti, with whom he was familiar since
Capriotti was on parole, and Capriotti told him that the parties were arguing
about him taking items he claimed were his own. (See id. at 66). Inside the
restaurant, Arlene told him that Capriotti had retrieved a gun from the kitchen
and both Enrico and Arlene informed him that Capriotti had previously advised
them that he had to take down the wall in the kitchen to retrieve guns.
Enrico told Trooper Benjamin that while cleaning the kitchen, he noticed
that part of a wall had been painted white while the rest were green, so he
suspected that is where the guns were hidden. At that point, Enrico “took it
upon himself to cut open the wall with a utility knife,” revealing two guns,
which were later identified as a 10-gauge shotgun and an AK-47. (Id. at 68,
73). Trooper Benjamin did not direct him to cut the wall or assist him in doing
so. (See id.). The state police trooper then pulled the guns from the wall by
-5-
J-S10034-21
“press[ing] into the drywall” because Enrico told him, “I don’t care how they
come out of the wall, I want them out[.]” (Id. at 69). He then called state
parole, which issued a permanent detainer. Trooper Price and Corporal
Sadowski then took Capriotti into custody. Trooper Benjamin conducted a
safety sweep, “a brief walk-through of the premises to make sure there’s no
guns, drugs or anything of dangerous means lying out in the open” because
there were children present. He did not locate any other guns. (Id. at 71,
81-82). He returned to the state police barracks with the shotgun and AK-47
to log them into evidence before receiving a call to return to the premises
because Enrico had located two additional guns and what he believed to be
drugs in the upstairs apartment.
Upon returning, Trooper Benjamin followed Enrico upstairs to the
apartment and Enrico showed him where the items were in the closet. Trooper
Benjamin had not told him to conduct the search. The state police trooper
removed the items from inside the closet on a ledge, unloaded one pistol that
he found was loaded, and took them downstairs to see if Arlene could identify
them. He had not seen the pistol during the walk-through because it was not
a search. Arlene identified one gun as the pistol she had seen Capriotti in
possession of earlier in the day. Both she and Enrico confirmed that they did
not own any of the discovered items. The drugs were later identified as
methamphetamine and marijuana.
-6-
J-S10034-21
On February 19, 2019, Capriotti was charged with four counts of Felon
not to Possess, one for each gun, one count each of Possession with Intent to
Deliver, Possession of Marijuana, Possession of Paraphernalia and EWOC.
Trooper Benjamin explained the EWOC charge was brought because
Capriotti’s minor son was on the premises, had free access to both the
apartment and restaurant, and guns and drugs were found in his room inside
his closet on the ledge. (See id. at 72).
3.
Martin Spotts, a restaurant patron and friend of Capriotti’s, testified that
on approximately February 15, 2019, he learned that the restaurant locks had
been changed and Capriotti could not access the restaurant but could get into
the apartment. He also stated that Capriotti’s minor son was there at that
time. Catherine Vaughn, a friend of Capriotti’s and a restaurant customer,
testified that Capriotti told her that he did not have guns, which she believed.
After receiving briefs from the parties, the court denied the motion to suppress
on June 27, 2019.
B.
Trial was scheduled to commence on June 29, 2020. Before it began,
Capriotti objected to count two, Persons not to Possess a Firearm, being
graded as a first-degree felony, where the Information failed to indicate the
reason for the grading. The court permitted the Commonwealth to file a
-7-
J-S10034-21
Second3 Amended Information to include the basis for the first-degree
grading. The newly filed information added that the basis for the charge was
the Smith & Wesson .22 caliber revolver with a brown leather holster.
At the two-day trial, the testimony was consistent with that offered at
the hearing on the motion to suppress. Furthermore, pertinent to review, we
add the following:
Multiple witnesses testified that Capriotti said he had guns in the wall of
the restaurant. Capriotti had a continuing objection to the admission of these
statements based on the corpus delicti4 rule. (See N.T. Trial, 6/29-30/20, at
73, 96, 194). He maintained that the search of the premises was illegal and
had the court granted the motion to suppress, the Commonwealth would not
have been able to establish the corpus delicti so any statements made by
Capriotti would be inadmissible.
During her testimony, Arlene clarified that the locks on the restaurant
were changed on February 1st or 2nd, 2019, approximately two weeks before
____________________________________________
3The Commonwealth had filed a First Amended Information on August 23,
2019, that changed the first count from felony one Possession with Intent to
Deliver, 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30), to misdemeanor Possession of a Controlled
Substance, 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(16).
4 “The corpus delecti [sic] rule places the burden on the prosecution to
establish that a crime has actually occurred before a confession or admission
of the accused connecting him to the crime can be admitted. The corpus
delecti [sic] is literally the body of the crime; it consists of proof that a loss or
injury has occurred as a result of the criminal conduct of someone.”
Commonwealth v. Dupre, 866 A.2d 1089, 1097 (Pa. Super. 2005).
-8-
J-S10034-21
the February 17, 2019 incident. (See id. at 37). She identified Capriotti’s
son as being 14 years old and testified he occupied the apartment every other
weekend. (See id. at 44). Trooper Benjamin added that in addition to the
shotgun and AK-47 found behind the restaurant wall, there also was an AK-
47 magazine. The evidence found in Capriotti’s son’s bedroom closet was
identified as a Smith & Wesson .22 caliber revolver in a brown leather holster,
a loaded Wesson 38 special revolver in a black nylon holster, two bags of
methamphetamine, marijuana and two glass smoking pipes. Arlene identified
the Smith & Wesson revolver in the brown leather holster as the firearm she
had seen Capriotti holding earlier that day.
Kaleb Stoner, Capriotti’s nephew, testified in pertinent part that he was
familiar with the restaurant and that in early 2019, he noticed that a wall had
been painted white, although the rest of the walls were green. He stated that
he discussed this change with Capriotti, who told him that he had hidden
weapons behind the wall. Eric Hill, an ex-friend of Capriotti’s, testified that in
October 2018, he took an AK-47, a couple of 22s and a few shotguns out of
the wall of the restaurant and took them home at Capriotti’s request because
Capriotti thought his parole officer was going to be visiting. Hill stated that
Capriotti retrieved a shotgun and the AK-47 from him and that he sold the
rest of the firearms at L&R Gun Shop. On cross-examination, Hill stated that
he had occasion to talk with Trooper Benjamin on February 27, 2019, because
-9-
J-S10034-21
he was arrested for a previous DUI and that he and Capriotti had a dispute
about a car, which he got back after Capriotti was in jail.
At the conclusion of trial, a jury convicted Capriotti, and on September
1, 2020, with the benefit of a Pre-Sentence Investigative Report, the trial court
sentenced him to an aggregate sentence of not less than 24½ nor more than
55 years’ incarceration to be served consecutive to the 2006 sentence he was
then serving. Because Capriotti was in prison prior to adjudication and
sentencing on a parole detainer for his 2006 conviction, the court denied his
request for time served. On September 9, 2020, Capriotti timely filed post-
sentence motions that the trial court denied on September 16, 2020. Capriotti
timely appealed. He has complied with Rule 1925. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
II.
On appeal, Capriotti raises the following questions for our review:
I. Whether the Suppression Court’s failure to make Findings of
Fact and Conclusions of Law when it denied [Capriotti’s] Motion to
Suppress requires remand[;]
II. Whether the evidence seized by the police should have been
suppressed as [Capriotti] had a right of privacy, police actually
participated in the search and there were no exigent
circumstances justifying the failure to obtain a search warrant[;]
III. Whether the trial Court erred in admitting statements made
by [Capriotti] when, had the evidence been suppressed, there
would be no corpus delecti[;]
IV. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in permitting
the Commonwealth to amend the Information on day of trial[;]
V. Whether the trial court erred in denying the demurrer to the
charge of Endangering the Welfare of Children[;]
- 10 -
J-S10034-21
VI. Whether the verdict of guilty on all counts was against the
weight of the evidence[; and]
VII. Whether [Capriotti] was entitled to credit for time served
against the aggregated sentence[?]
(Capriotti’s Brief, at 17-18).
A.
In his first issue, Capriotti maintains that because the court failed to
make findings of fact and conclusions of law pursuant to Rule of Criminal
Procedure 581(1) in its order denying his motion to suppress,5 the case must
be remanded to allow the court the opportunity to do so. He maintains that
the court’s discussion of its denial of the motion to suppress in its opinion
concerning the post-sentence motions does not cure this error because that
opinion also failed to set forth specific findings of fact or conclusions of law.
Pursuant to Rule 581(l):
At the conclusion of the hearing [on the motion to suppress], the
judge shall enter on the record a statement of findings of fact and
conclusions of law as to whether the evidence was obtained in
violation of the defendant’s rights, or in violation of these rules or
any statute, and shall make an order granting or denying the relief
sought.
____________________________________________
5 [W]hen an appellate court reviews the ruling of a suppression court, we
consider only the evidence from the defendant’s witnesses, together with the
evidence of the prosecution that when read in the context of the entire record,
remains uncontradicted. We must “first ascertain whether the record supports
the factual findings of the suppression court, and then determine the
reasonableness of the inferences and legal conclusions drawn therefrom.”
Commonwealth v. Rojas, 875 A.2d 341, 346 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citations
and footnote omitted).
- 11 -
J-S10034-21
Pa.R.Crim.P. 581(l).
A specific and contemporaneous announcement of
suppression findings of fact and conclusions of law serves at least
two salutary purposes. First, it permits the losing party to make
a more intelligent assessment of whether or not to burden the
appellate justice system with an appeal of the suppression ruling,
particularly in cases of contested evidence. A defensible
credibility-based decision may dissuade an appeal, whereas a
purely legal ruling may make clear that further review is
appropriated. Second, ... in cases where suppression is denied ...
Rule 581(I) is essential to ensuring that the trial judge and the
appellate courts will have a record upon which they can timely and
meaningfully discharge their responsibilities.
Commonwealth v. Milner, 888 A.2d 680, 688-89 (Pa. 2005).
Here, after a hearing and the receipt of briefs, the trial court entered an
order denying Capriotti’s motion to suppress that did not contain findings of
fact and conclusions of law. We agree with Capriotti that the court did not
comply with the mandate of Rule 581(l). However, though the general remedy
is to remand for compliance with Rule 581(l), we may consider the merits of
an appeal if “a remand for compliance would not serve the interests of judicial
economy or justice.” See id. at 689; Commonwealth v. Reppert, 814 A.2d
1196, (Pa. Super. 2002) (en banc) (relying on findings set forth in Rule
1925(a) opinion).
Capriotti challenged the court’s suppression decision in his post-
sentence motions. The court’s opinion in support of its denial of Capriotti’s
post-sentence motions sets forth the facts from the hearing and the law on
which it relied to reach its decision to deny suppression. Because the purpose
- 12 -
J-S10034-21
to be served by Rule 581(l) had been met and remand of this matter for the
court to comply with the mandate of Rule 581(l) would not serve the interests
of judicial economy or justice, we decline to do so.
B.
In his second issue, Capriotti argues that the court erred in relying on
Commonwealth v. Borecky, 419 A.2d 753 (Pa. 1980), to deny his motion
to suppress because the police participated in the search that resulted in the
seizure of the evidence. He also maintains that he had a right of privacy and
there were no exigent circumstances to justify a warrantless search. (See
Capriotti’s Brief, at 30-34).
The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution
protects people from unreasonable governmental intrusions into
their legitimate expectations of privacy. The protection of the
Fourth Amendment does not depend on a property right in the
invaded place but does depend on whether the person who claims
the protection of the Amendment has a legitimate expectation of
privacy in the invaded place. An expectation of privacy is present
when an individual, by his conduct, exhibits an actual (subjective)
expectation of privacy and that ... subjective expectation is one
that society is prepared to recognize as reasonable. The
determination of whether an individual’s subjective expectation of
privacy will be recognized as legitimate depends upon the totality
of the circumstances and ultimately rests upon a balancing of the
societal interests involved.
Commonwealth v. Rathfon, 705 A.2d 448, 450–51 (Pa. Super. 1997)
(citations, quotation marks and footnote omitted). “Generally, residential
settings are the areas which are given the greatest protection by the Fourth
Amendment. Absent exigent circumstances, the police may not search a
residence without a warrant.” Id. (citations omitted). However:
- 13 -
J-S10034-21
It is firmly established that the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition
against search and seizures applies only to the actions of
governmental authorities and is inapplicable to the conduct of
private parties. [I]t is ... well-settled that the evidence gathered
through a search by a private individual must come to the state
upon a “silver platter” and not as the result of any instigation by
state authorities or participation by them in the illegal activities.
The critical factor, as the United States Supreme Court has stated,
“is whether [the private individual] in light of all of the
circumstances of the case, must be regarded as having acted as
an ‘instrument’ or agent of the state….”
Borecky, supra at 755-56 (citations and quotation marks omitted).
In this case, the trial court found that Enrico and Arlene provided the
evidence against Capriotti to police on a “silver platter’ when they, “the
property and business owners, on their own accord, discovered weapons and
a magazine for an AK-47 in the wall of their restaurant. Although the
Pennsylvania State Police were present when the discovery was made, [they]
did not direct or order Enrico and Arlene Capriotti to cut the wall.” (Trial Court
Opinion, 11/30/20, at 5).
Capriotti argues that the Pennsylvania State Police participated in the
search by escorting Enrico to the kitchen, watching him cut the hole and then
retrieving the exposed firearms from the wall. Similarly, when the state police
troopers were dispatched to the premises a second time due to Enrico’s further
discovery of weapons, Enrico led them to the upstairs apartment and to a
closet shelf from which Trooper Benjamin retrieved two more firearms, drugs
and paraphernalia.
- 14 -
J-S10034-21
Our independent review of the record reveals that the state police
troopers were legally on the premises being dispatched there after Arlene’s
911 call. When the state police troopers arrived, Enrico led Trooper Benjamin
to the restaurant kitchen because Capriotti had told him that he had hidden
guns in there and Enrico wanted them removed. Without any direction or
assistance from the officers, he then “took it upon himself to cut open the wall
with a utility knife,” revealing guns that he said he wanted removed so Trooper
Benjamin did so. Thereafter, Enrico reported that he had found more guns
and other contraband in his grandson’s bedroom’s closet shelf. The troopers
came to the property, Enrico led Trooper Benjamin upstairs and, at Enrico’s
direction, the trooper removed the guns and contraband.
Based on this testimony under the totality of the circumstances, we
discern no abuse of discretion by the trial court in applying the silver platter
doctrine. As acknowledged by the court, although the Pennsylvania State
Police were on the scene when Enrico cut the hole in the wall, he “took it upon
himself” without any direction from Trooper Benjamin to cut open the wall,
thus revealing weapons in plain view. As for the evidence found in the upstairs
bedroom, again, the trooper had not told him to search there and did not
assist with the search, merely retrieving the weapons at Enrico’s request upon
arriving at the scene.
- 15 -
J-S10034-21
Based on the foregoing and in the totality of the circumstances, the trial
court properly relied on Borecky and acted within its discretion to deny
Capriotti’s motion to suppress the evidence against him.6
C.
Capriotti next argues that if the court had granted his motion to
suppress, there would be no corpus delicti to allow admission of statements
that Capriotti said that he had guns hidden in the wall of the restaurant.7 (See
____________________________________________
6 Moreover, Capriotti has failed to establish that he had any privacy interest
in the restaurant. He concedes that his parents, who owned the property, had
changed the locks two weeks before the incident and he no longer was running
the establishment. The troopers were lawfully on the premises where they
had been dispatched due to the parents’ 911 report of parolee, Capriotti,
acting erratically and being in possession of a handgun at the restaurant. The
only search conducted by the troopers was incident to arrest to ensure that
there were no more guns or other dangerous items endangering the children
on the property. Even assuming, arguendo, that Capriotti is correct that the
court erroneously found that he had vacated the apartment prior to this
incident, the search conducted in the apartment that resulted in the discovery
of weapons was not done by the troopers, but by his parents. The Fourth
Amendment’s prohibition against search and seizures is inapplicable to them.
7 The Commonwealth responds that the statements were the subject of a
motion in limine. However, it appears that the motion in limine was brought
by the Commonwealth regarding Capriotti’s prison phone calls, and based on
the motion, these recorded phone calls do not include Capriotti’s statements
to Enrico about guns being in the wall. (See Commonwealth’s Motion in
Limine for Determination of Admissibility of Evidence Obtained by Prison
Phone Records, 7/20/19, at 1-2).
- 16 -
J-S10034-21
Capriotti’s Brief, at 35).8, 9 However, this argument is moot because we
already found that the court properly denied the motion to suppress, making
the question of whether the Commonwealth would have been able to establish
the corpus delicti without the evidence of the guns and other contraband a
purely hypothetical question that we will not entertain. See In re Cain, 590
A.2d 291, 292 (Pa. 1991) (“It is a well-established principle of law that this
Court will not decide moot questions.”).
D.
In his next issue, Capriotti claims that the court erred in permitting the
Commonwealth to amend the Information on the day of trial to support the
grading of count two, Person not to Possession a Firearm, as a first-degree
felony. (See Capriotti’s Brief, at 35-36). He maintains that he suffered
prejudice by this last-minute amendment because the basis for the increased
____________________________________________
8 “[A]ppellate courts review a trial court’s ruling on the admissibility of
evidence for an abuse of discretion.” Commonwealth v. Elliott, 80 A.3d
415, 446 (Pa. 2013).
9 Capriotti’s five sentence “argument” on this issue violates Rule 2119 in that
he fails to provide any pertinent law or discussion thereof in support of this
claim. (See Capriotti’s Brief, at 35); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a)-(c).
Additionally, although he raised this issue at trial, he offered no legal authority
and made no argument, merely putting his objection that the “admission
cannot come in based on the corpus delicti” on the record. (N.T. Trial,
6/29/20, at 73). While it appears from the record that this might have been
discussed more fully in chambers, any such discussion is not part of the record
and, therefore, does not exist for purposes of our review.
- 17 -
J-S10034-21
grading was not previously known to him and he did not have ample time to
prepare. (See id. at 36).
The criminal information “is a formal written statement charging the
commission of an offense signed and presented to the court by the attorney
for the Commonwealth after a defendant is held for court....” Pa.R.Crim.P.
103. The information apprises the defendant of the filed charges so he can
prepare a defense. See Commonwealth v. Sinclair, 897 A.2d 1218, 1223
(Pa. Super. 2006). Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 564 permits the
amendment of the information “when there is a defect in form, the description
of the offense(s), the description of any person or any property, or the date
charged, provided the information as amended does not charge an additional
or different offense.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 564. “[T]he purpose of Rule 564 is to
ensure that a defendant is fully apprised of the charges, and to avoid prejudice
by prohibiting the last minute addition of alleged criminal acts of which the
defendant is uninformed.” Sinclair, supra at 1221 (citation omitted). When
reviewing an information’s amendment, we consider:
[W]hether the crimes specified in the original indictment or
information involve the same basic elements and evolved out of
the same factual situation as the crimes specified in the amended
indictment or information. If so, then the defendant is deemed to
have been placed on notice regarding his alleged criminal conduct.
If, however, the amended provision alleges a different set of
events, or the elements or defenses to the amended crime are
materially different from the elements or defenses to the crime
originally charged, such that the defendant would be prejudiced
by the change, then the amendment is not permitted.
Additionally, [i]n reviewing a grant to amend an information, the
Court will look to whether the appellant was fully apprised of the
- 18 -
J-S10034-21
factual scenario which supports the charges against him. Where
the crimes specified in the original information involved the same
basic elements and arose out of the same factual situation as the
crime added by the amendment, the appellant is deemed to have
been placed on notice regarding his alleged criminal conduct and
no prejudice to defendant results.
In re D.G., 114 A.3d 1091, 1094–95 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation omitted).
In count 2 of the original and first amended Informations, the
Commonwealth charged Capriotti with Possession with Intent to Deliver
methamphetamine as a felony of the first degree without identifying the
firearm. (See Information, 4/05/19, at 1); (Amended Information, 8/23/19,
at 1). In the second amended Information, the Commonwealth charged
Capriotti with Possession with Intent to Deliver methamphetamine as a felony
of the first degree and identified the firearm as a “Smith & Wesson .22 caliber
Revolver with brown leather holster.” (Second Amended Information,
6/25/20, at 1).
The addition of the Smith & Wesson firearm did not add a new set of
events, and the elements of the crime are not materially different to have
prejudiced Capriotti. At all times, Capriotti was aware of the nature of the
firearms seized, including the Smith & Wesson revolver in the brown leather
holster that Arlene identified as the pistol possessed by Capriotti when he was
acting erratically earlier on the day of the incident. Further, he had been
charged with Possession of a Firearm Prohibited as a felony of the first degree
since the first Information’s filing. Identifying the firearm in the second
amended Information did not materially alter his defense. Accordingly, the
- 19 -
J-S10034-21
trial court did not err in allowing the amendment where Capriotti was not
prejudiced by it. See In re D.G., supra at 1095.
E.
Next, Capriotti challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support his
EWOC conviction.10 He maintains that although the handguns (one of which
was loaded), methamphetamine, marijuana and paraphernalia were kept on
a shelf in the closet of the bedroom used by his 14 year old son, because they
were not visible to Trooper Benjamin during the safety sweep11 and they were
allegedly out of the sight and purportedly out of the reach of his son (Capriotti
provides no citation to the record to support this claim), he did not commit
EWOC. (See id. at 37-38).
Section 4304 of the Pennsylvania Crimes Code provides, in pertinent
part, that “[a] parent, guardian or other person supervising the welfare of a
child under 18 years of age, or a person that employs or supervises such a
____________________________________________
10 In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, “[w]e must determine
whether the evidence admitted at trial, and all reasonable inferences drawn
therefrom, when viewed in a light most favorable to the Commonwealth as
verdict winner, support the conviction beyond a reasonable doubt. Where
there is sufficient evidence to enable the trier of fact to find every element of
the crime has been established beyond a reasonable doubt, the sufficiency of
the evidence claim must fail.” Commonwealth v. N.M.C., 172 A.3d 1146,
1149 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citation omitted).
11 The safety sweep argument is not availing because Trooper Benjamin
testified that the safety sweep did not include opening closet doors or going
into cupboards. (See N.T. Trial, at 127).
- 20 -
J-S10034-21
person, commits an offense if he knowingly endangers the welfare of the child
by violating a duty of care, protection or support.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 4304(a)(1).
Pursuant to Section 302(b)(2):
A person acts knowingly with respect to a material element of an
offense when:
(i) if the element involves the nature of his conduct or the
attendant circumstances, he is aware that his conduct is of that
nature or that such circumstances exist; and
(ii) if the element involves a result of his conduct, he is
aware that it is practically certain that his conduct will cause such
a result.
18 Pa.C.S. § 302(b)(2).
At trial, Trooper Benjamin testified that the guns, one of which was
loaded, were located next to illegal drugs and paraphernalia. He stated that
he was able to reach the items on the closet shelf in the bedroom used by
Capriotti’s 14 year old son. Based on this evidence, the jury could reasonably
find that Capriotti knowingly violated his duty of care and protection by putting
firearms and drugs in the closet of his son’s bedroom. While Capriotti argues
that because the guns and drugs were not visible or purportedly within the
reach of his 14 year old son, he did not knowingly endanger the minor; the
fact is, he knew that his son was 14 years old and, just as the trooper did,
could have easily accessed this illegal contraband by reaching up to the shelf
ledge or using a stool to do so even though he was purportedly not tall enough.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, we
conclude that it proved EWOC beyond a reasonable doubt where it was
- 21 -
J-S10034-21
sufficient to establish every element of the crime. See N.M.C., supra at
1149; see also 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 302(b)(2), 4304(a)(1). This claim fails.
F.
In his next issue, Capriotti claims that the verdict was against the weight
of the evidence on all counts.12 (See Capriotti’s Brief, at 38-39). Specifically,
he avers that there was evidence that he was out of possession of the
restaurant for two weeks prior to the incident; that Catherine Vaughn testified
that nothing was different about the wall in the restaurant kitchen prior to him
being locked out; that Caleb Stone, who had been convicted of drug
possession,13 had stayed in the bedroom where the handguns, drugs and
paraphernalia were found; that his parents had a financial interest in having
him incarcerated; and that Eric Hill had motivation to give false testimony
____________________________________________
12 “A motion for a new trial alleging that the verdict was against the weight of
the evidence is addressed to the discretion of the trial court. An appellate
court, therefore, reviews the exercise of discretion, not the underlying
question [of] whether the verdict is against the weight of the evidence. The
fact–finder is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to determine
the credibility of the witnesses. The trial court will award a new trial only
when the jury’s verdict is so contrary to the evidence as to shock one’s sense
of justice. In determining whether this standard has been met, appellate
review is limited to whether the trial judge’s discretion was properly exercised,
and relief will only be granted where the facts and inferences of record disclose
a palpable abuse of discretion. Thus, the trial court’s denial of a motion for a
new trial based on a weight of the evidence claim is the least assailable of its
rulings.” Commonwealth v. Wallace, 244 A.3d 1261, 1276 (Pa. Super.
2021) (citation omitted).
13It is not clear from the record that Caleb Stoner was convicted of drug
possession.
- 22 -
J-S10034-21
against Capriotti and that he had been convicted of a crimen falsi. (See id.
at 38).
Other than listing the foregoing evidence and providing a boilerplate
citation to the standard for weight of the evidence, Capriotti provides no legal
citation or discussion thereof in his approximately one-page “argument” on
this issue challenging all counts of his conviction. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a)-(c).
We will not develop an argument for him. See J.J. DeLuca Co., Inc. v. Toll
Naval Assocs., 56 A.3d 402, 411 (Pa. Super. 2012). Therefore, this issue is
waived.
Moreover, we briefly note that it was for the jury, as fact finder, to
consider all evidence presented and make any credibility determinations.
Capriotti is asking us to re-weigh the evidence, which we will not do. See
Commonwealth v. Williams, 854 A.2d 440, 445 (Pa. 2004), cert. denied,
546 U.S. 440 (2005). We discern no palpable abuse of discretion by the trial
court in denying Capriotti’s motion for a new trial where the verdict is not
shocking to the conscience. This argument, even if properly presented, would
fail. See Wallace, supra at 1276.
G.
Capriotti next challenges his sentence as excessive, which is a challenge
to the discretionary aspects of a sentence. (See Capriotti’s Brief, at 39).
It is well-settled that “[c]hallenges to the discretionary aspects of
sentencing do not entitle an appellant to review as of right.” Commonwealth
- 23 -
J-S10034-21
v. Derry, 150 A.3d 987, 991 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citation omitted). Rather,
before reaching the merits of such claims, we must determine:
(1) whether the appeal is timely; (2) whether Appellant preserved
his issue; (3) whether Appellant’s brief includes a concise
statement of the reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with
respect to the discretionary aspects of sentence; and (4) whether
the concise statement raises a substantial question that the
sentence is appropriate under the sentencing code.
Commonwealth v. Edwards, 71 A.3d 323, 329-30 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(citation omitted).
Capriotti filed a timely notice of appeal, properly preserved his claim by
filing a post-sentence motion for reconsideration, and includes a concise
statement of the reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal under Pa.R.A.P.
2119(f). The only issue remaining then is whether Capriotti has raised a
substantial question that the sentence is not appropriate under the Sentencing
Code.
The determination of what constitutes a substantial question must
be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. A substantial question
exists only when the appellant advances a colorable argument
that the sentencing judge’s actions were either: (1) inconsistent
with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary
to the fundamental norms which underlie the sentencing process.
Commonwealth v. Ali, 197 A.3d 742, 760 (Pa. Super. 2018) (internal
citations and quotations omitted).
The trial court sentenced Capriotti to a standard range sentence of not
less than 24½ nor more than 55 years’ incarceration by running Capriotti’s
drug-related convictions concurrently and all firearms and the EWOC count
- 24 -
J-S10034-21
consecutively. Capriotti’s Rule 2119(f) statement makes no argument at all,
but merely recites boilerplate sentencing law. (See Capriotti’s Brief, at 28).
Hence, his Rule 2119(f) statement fails to “raise[] a substantial question that
the sentence is appropriate under the sentencing code.” Edwards, supra at
330.
Moreover, even reviewing the claim raised in the argument section of
his brief, he would not be entitled to relief. Capriotti’s claim is that, although
the court sentenced within the guidelines and ran all drug-related convictions
concurrently, because it ran the firearm and EWOC convictions consecutively
and sentenced him as a repeat violent offender based on his burglary
convictions from years prior, his sentence was excessive. (See id. at 39).
“[A] defendant may raise a substantial question where he receives
consecutive sentences within the guideline ranges if the case involves
circumstances where the application of the guidelines would be clearly
unreasonable, resulting in an excessive sentence.” Commonwealth v.
Dodge, 77 A.3d 1263, 1270 (Pa. Super. 2013) (emphasis in original).
“Where, as here, the sentencing court has the benefit of reviewing a pre-
sentence investigation report, we can assume the sentencing court was aware
of relevant information regarding the defendant’s character and weighed those
considerations along with mitigating statutory factors.” Commonwealth v.
Rhoades, 8 A.3d 912, 919 (Pa. Super. 2010) (internal quotation marks and
citation omitted).
- 25 -
J-S10034-21
Here, the trial court had the benefit of reviewing “an extensive pre-
sentence investigative report.” (Trial Ct. Op., at 8). At the sentencing
hearing, the court stated the following:
Reasons for sentence, this sentence is within the standard range
guidelines and there’s no reason for the court to deviate from the
same. [Capriotti] was on state parole at the time this offense.
[He] has a prior significant record, and [he] has exhausted all
county and state level … resources for rehabilitation.
(See N.T. Sentencing, 9/01/20, at 12-13; see id. at 14-21). Additionally, it
explained that it was running the Possession of a Firearm convictions
consecutively because they related to four different guns. (See id. at 14).
Based on the foregoing, Capriotti has failed to raise a substantial
question where the court was informed by a pre-sentence investigative report
and he has failed to establish that application of the consecutive standard
guideline range sentences was clearly unreasonable. He is not entitled to
relief on this issue.
H.
Finally, Capriotti maintains that the trial court erred in failing to give him
time served for time spent in confinement.14 Section 9760 of the Sentencing
Code provides, in pertinent part:
____________________________________________
14 “A claim asserting that the trial court failed to award credit for time served
implicates the legality of the sentence.” Commonwealth v. Gibbs, 181 A.3d
1165, 1166 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation omitted). Issues relating to the
legality of a sentence are questions of law, over which our standard of review
is de novo and the scope of review is plenary. See id.
- 26 -
J-S10034-21
After reviewing the information submitted under section 9737
(relating to report of outstanding charges and sentences) the
court shall give credit as follows:
(1) Credit against the maximum term and any minimum
term shall be given to the defendant for all time spent in custody
as a result of the criminal charge for which a prison sentence is
imposed or as a result of the conduct on which such a charge is
based. Credit shall include credit for time spent in custody prior
to trial, during trial, pending sentence, and pending the resolution
of an appeal.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9760(1). “The principle underlying section 9760 is that a
defendant should be given credit for time spent in custody prior to sentencing
for a particular offense.” Commonwealth v. Mann, 957 A.2d 746, 749 (Pa.
Super. 2008) (citation omitted).
[A]ll time served by a parole violator while awaiting disposition on
new charges must be credited to the original sentence if the
inmate remains in custody solely on a Board detainer. If the
inmate is incarcerated prior to disposition and has both a detainer
and has failed for any reason to satisfy bail, the credit must be
applied to the new sentence by the sentencing court.
Gibbs, supra at 1167 (citing Mann, supra at 751) (emphases in original).
The question in this case is not whether Capriotti will receive time for
pre-trial confinement, but against which sentence it should be applied. In
Gaito v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 412 A.2d 568 (Pa.
1980), our Supreme Court held that if a parolee is held in custody solely
because of a warrant issued by the Board and has otherwise met the
requirement for bail on new criminal charges, the parolee receives credit
towards his original sentence for the time spent in custody. Id. If bail is not
satisfied or is revoked, the parolee receives credit towards his new sentence
- 27 -
J-S10034-21
for the time spent in pre-trial custody. Id. If, however, the parolee is not
convicted or sentenced for the new criminal charges, the pre-trial confinement
must be applied to the parolee’s original sentence. Id.; see also McCloud
v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 834 A.2d 1210, 1212–13
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2003).15
In this case, the trial court ordered that Capriotti “shall not receive credit
for prior confinement as he is currently detained on a state parole violation.”
(N.T. Sentencing, at 15); (see id. at 13-22). We are constrained to conclude
this was error. Although Capriotti remained in prison prior to trial in this
matter due to his state parole violation for the sentence he received in 2006,
nothing in the record indicates that he made bail on the new charges.
Accordingly, he should have received credit for time served in pre-trial custody
against his new conviction and we vacate the judgment of sentence and
remand for the court to grant Capriotti credit for time served on the charges
in this matter.
Judgment of sentence vacated. Case remanded. Jurisdiction
relinquished.
Judge Murray joins the memorandum.
Judge McLaughlin files a concurring/dissenting memorandum.
____________________________________________
15“Although decisions of the Commonwealth Court are not binding on this
Court, we may rely on them if we are persuaded by their reasoning.”
Commonwealth v. Fitzpatrick, 159 A.3d 562, 571 n.7 (Pa. Super. 2017),
appeal denied, 173 A.3d 255 (Pa. 2017) (citations omitted).
- 28 -
J-S10034-21
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 08/27/2021
- 29 -