holding that prisoners proceeding in forma pauperis retain responsibility for providing address at which service can be effectuated
How later courts described this case
- holding that prisoners proceeding in forma pauperis retain responsibility for providing address at which service can be effectuated
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Richmond Division
MONTA BROWN,
Plaintiff,
v. Civil Action No. 3:24cev228
LIEUTENANT T. GREEN, e/ ai.,
Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiff, a Virginia prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, brings this 42
U.S.C. § 1983 action. By Memorandum Order entered on May 22, 2024, the Court explained
that, although it ultimately remains Plaintiff's responsibility to complete service of process, the
Court would attempt to serve Defendants pursuant to a formal electronic service agreement with
the Attorney General’s Office for the Commonwealth of Virginia. (ECF No. 4, at 1.) On June
12, 2024, the Attorney General’s Office declined service. (ECF No. 7.) The Attorney General’s
Office provided Defendants’ last known addresses under seal and by Memorandum Order
entered on June 28, 2024, the Court ordered the United States Marshals Service (the “Marshals”)
to serve Defendants. (ECF No. 11.)
Defendant Green was served and has filed an Answer pro se. (ECF No. 17.) Defendant
Boone was served on July 2, 2024, but has not filed a response to the Complaint. (ECF No. 14,
at 4.) The Marshals returned the summons for Defendants Smith, Daughtry, and Richie
unexecuted. (ECF Nos. 13, 16, 18.)
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m),' Plaintiff has 90 days to serve Defendants.
Here, that period commenced on May 22, 2024. More than 90 days have elapsed, and Plaintiff
has not served Defendants Smith, Daughtry, and Richie. Accordingly, by Memorandum Order
entered on October 25, 2024, the Court directed Plaintiff to show good cause, within twenty (20)
days of the date of entry thereof, why the action against Defendants Smith, Daughtry, and Richie
should not be dismissed without prejudice. Plaintiff has filed a response. (ECF No. 21.)
District courts within the Fourth Circuit have found good cause to extend the ninety-day
time period when the plaintiff has made “reasonable, diligent efforts to effect service on the
defendant.” Venable v. Dep’t of Corr., No. 3:05cv821, 2007 WL 5145334, at *1 (E.D. Va. Feb.
7, 2007) (quoting Hammad v. Tate Access Floors, Inc., 31 F. Supp. 2d 524, 528 (D. Md. 1999)).
Leniency is especially appropriate when factors beyond the plaintiffs control frustrate his or her
diligent efforts. See McCollum v. GENCO Infrastructure Sols., No. 3:10CV210, 2010 WL
5100495, at *2 (E.D. Va. Dec. 7, 2010) (citing T & S Rentals v. United States, 164 F.R.D. 422,
425 (N.D. W.Va. 1996)). Thus, courts are more inclined to find good cause where extenuating
factors exist such as active evasion of service by a defendant, 7 & S Rentals, 164 F.R.D. at 425
(citing Prather v. Raymond Constr. Co., 570 F. Supp. 278, 282 (N.D. Ga. 1982)), or stayed
proceedings that delay the issuance of asummons. McCollum, 2010 WL 5100495, at *2 (citing
Robinson v. Fountainhead Title Grp. Corp., 447 F. Supp. 2d 478, 485 (D. Md. 2006)). However,
1 Rule 4(m) provides, in pertinent part:
If a defendant is not served within 90 days after the complaint is filed, the court—
on motion or on its own after notice to the plaintiff—must dismiss the action
without prejudice against that defendant or order that service be made within a
specified time. But if the plaintiff shows good cause for the failure, the court must
extend the time for service for an appropriate period.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m).
““iJnadvertence, neglect, misunderstanding, ignorance of the rule or its burden, or half-hearted
attempts at service’ generally are insufficient to show good cause.” Venable, 2007 WL 5145334,
at *1 (quoting Vincent v. Reynolds Mem’ Hosp., 141 F.R.D. 436, 437 (N.D. W.Va. 1992)).
While a court might take a plaintiff's pro se status into consideration when coming to a
conclusion on good cause, Lane v. Lucent Techs., Inc., 388 F. Supp. 2d 590, 597 (M.D.N.C.
2005), neither pro se status nor incarceration alone constitute good cause. Sewraz v. Long,
No. 3:08CV100, 2012 WL 214085, at *2 (E.D. Va. Jan. 24, 2012) (citations omitted).
At most, Plaintiff contends that he does not have the addresses for Defendants Smith,
Daughtry, and Richie and that the Marshals should “complete service as provided by the
Attorney General’s Office [who] provided the last known addresses as shown (ECF No. 8) under
seal.” (ECF No. 21, at 1.) The Court already directed the Marshals to serve Defendants Smith,
Daughtry, and Richie at those last known addresses under seal and the Marshals were unable to
serve the Defendants at those addresses. Even though Plaintiff is proceeding pro se, it was his
responsibility to find an address where Defendants Smith, Daughtry, and Richie could be served
and send the addresses to the Court. See Lee v. Armontrout, 991 F.2d 487, 489 (8th Cir. 1993)
(holding that prisoners proceeding in forma pauperis retain responsibility for providing address
at which service can be effectuated).
Plaintiff fails to demonstrate that he made a “reasonable, diligent effort[] to effect service
on the defendant[s].” Venable, 2007 WL 5145334, at *1 (citation omitted) (internal quotation
marks omitted). Nevertheless, the Court possesses discretion to grant an extension of time to
complete service even in the absence of good cause shown for failure to serve defendants. Gelin
v. Shuman, 35 F.4th 212, 220 (4th Cir. 2022) (further holding that “if the plaintiff is able to show
good cause for the failure, then the court must grant the extension”). Here, however, the Court is
unpersuaded that the circumstances warrant a discretionary extension. Accordingly, all claims
against Defendants Smith, Daughtry, and Richie will be DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE.
An appropriate Order shall issue.
Date: wld \QcaM M. Hanna
Richmond, Virginia United States t Judge