Mandril v. Secretary of Health and Human Services

In the United States Court of Federal Claims

OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS

No. 22-305V

(not to be published)

************************* Chief Special Master Corcoran

*

CHARLES E. MANDRIL, *

* Filed: January 9, 2024

Petitioner, *

v. *

*

SECRETARY OF HEALTH *

AND HUMAN SERVICES, *

*

Respondent. *

*

*************************

William E. Cochran, Jr., Black McLaren, et al., PC, Memphis, TN, for

Petitioner.

Darryl Wishard, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent.

DECISION GRANTING AWARD OF ATTORNEY’S FEES AND COSTS 1

On March 31, 2022, Charles Mandril filed a petition for compensation under the National

Vaccine and Injury Compensation Program (the “Vaccine Program”). 2 (ECF No. 1) (“Pet.”).

Petitioner alleged that he suffered from an acute, immune-mediated vaccine injury featuring

myositis as a result of receiving seasonal influenza and Tdap vaccines on April 3, 2019. Pet. at 1.

Petitioner sought the claim’s dismissal after review of the Rule 4(c) Report, and I acted in

accordance with the motion. See Decision Dismissing Petition, dated October 30, 2023 (ECF No.

29).

1

Although I have not formally designated this Decision for publication, it will nevertheless be posted on the United

States Court of Federal Claims website, in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 (2012).

As provided by 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-12(d)(4)(B), however, the parties may object to the Decision’s inclusion of certain

kinds of confidential information. Specifically, under Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party has fourteen days within which

to request redaction “of any information furnished by that party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial

in substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similar files, the disclosure of which

would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the whole Decision will

be available to the public. Id.

2

The Vaccine Program comprises Part 2 of the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660,

100 Stat. 3758, codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-10 through 34 (2012) [hereinafter “Vaccine Act” or “the

Act”]. Individual section references hereafter will be to Section 300aa of the Act (but will omit the statutory prefix).

Petitioner has now filed a motion for a final award of attorney’s fees and costs. Motion,

dated December 8, 2023 (ECF No. 31) (“Final Fees Mot.”). Petitioner requests a total of

$44,693.38, reflecting $41,114.30 in fees incurred for the services of Mr. William Cochran, Mr.

Chris Webb, and paralegals, and $3,579.08 in costs. Final Fees Mot. at 1. Respondent reacted to

the final fees request on December 12, 2023. Response, dated December 12, 2023 (ECF No. 32)

(“Response”). Respondent agrees that Petitioner has satisfied the statutory requirements for a fees

award, and otherwise defers the calculation of the amount to be awarded to my discretion.

Response at 3.

For the reasons set forth below, I hereby GRANT Petitioner’s motion, awarding fees and

costs in the total amount of $44,693.38.

ANALYSIS

I. Petitioner’s Claim had Reasonable Basis

Although the Vaccine Act only guarantees a fees award to successful petitioners, a special

master may also award fees and costs in an unsuccessful case if: (1) the “petition was brought in

good faith”; and (2) “there was a reasonable basis for the claim for which the petition was brought.”

Section 15(e)(1). I have in prior decisions set forth at length the criteria to be applied when

determining if a claim possessed “reasonable basis” sufficient for a fees award. See, e.g., Sterling

v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 16-551V, 2020 WL 549443, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan.

3, 2020). Importantly, establishing reasonable basis does not automatically entitle an unsuccessful

claimant to fees, but is instead a threshold obligation; fees can still thereafter be limited, if

unreasonable, or even denied entirely.

A claim’s reasonable basis 3 must be demonstrated through some objective evidentiary

showing. Cottingham v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 971 F.3d 1337, 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2020)

(citing Simmons v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 875 F.3d 632, 635 (Fed. Cir. 2017)). This

objective inquiry is focused on the claim—counsel’s conduct is irrelevant (although it may

bulwark good faith). Simmons, 875 F.3d at 635. In addition, reasonable basis inquiries are not

static—they evaluate not only what was known at the time the petition was filed, but also take into

account what is learned about the evidentiary support for the claim as the matter progresses.

Perreira v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 33 F.3d 1375, 1377 (Fed. Cir. 1994) (upholding the

finding that a reasonable basis for petitioners’ claims ceased to exist once they had reviewed their

expert's opinion, which consisted entirely of unsupported speculation). As a result, a claim can

3

Because this claim’s good faith is not in dispute, I do not include a discussion of the standards applicable to that fees

prong.

“lose” reasonable basis over time.

The standard for finding the existence of reasonable basis is lesser (and thus inherently

easier to satisfy) than the preponderant standard applied when assessing entitlement, as cases that

fail can still have sufficient objective grounding for a fees award. Braun v. Sec’y of Health & Hum.

Servs., 144 Fed. Cl. 72, 77 (2019). The Court of Federal Claims has affirmed that “[r]easonable

basis is a standard that petitioners, at least generally, meet by submitting evidence.” Chuisano v.

Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 116 Fed. Cl. 276, 287 (Fed. Cl. 2014) (internal quotations omitted)

(affirming special master). The factual basis and medical support for the claim is among the

evidence that should be considered. Carter v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 132 Fed. Cl. 372,

378 (Fed. Cl. 2017). Under the Vaccine Act, special masters have “maximum discretion” in

applying the reasonable basis standard. See, e.g., Silva v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 108 Fed.

Cl. 401, 401–02 (Fed. Cl. 2012). 4

Petitioner’s claim was ultimately unsuccessful, but I find it possessed sufficient objective

basis to justify a fees and costs award. Petitioner did provide evidence from a treating neurologist

noting her impression of a resolved vaccine-related immune mediated myositis. And although

Respondent raised a number of reasonable, record-based objections to the claim, the underlying

facts were not self-evidently contrary to what Petitioner alleged (and what ultimately caused the

claim’s dismissal was the inability to marshal a sufficient expert opinion in support of the claim).

Thus (and in light of the low bar to a reasonable basis determination generally), I find that sufficient

objective proof in support of the claim existed to meet the reasonable basis standard (which is of

course de minimis). Otherwise, there is no other basis for a denial of fees.

II. Calculation of Fees

Determining the appropriate amount of the fees award is a two-part process. The first part

involves application of the lodestar method - “multiplying the number of hours reasonably

expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly rate.” Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs.,

515 F.3d 1343, 1347–48 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)).

The second part involves adjusting the lodestar calculation up or down to take relevant factors into

consideration. Id. at 1348. This standard for calculating a fee award is considered applicable in

most cases where a fee award is authorized by federal statute. Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424,

429–37 (1983).

An attorney’s reasonable hourly rate is determined by the “forum rule,” which bases the

proper hourly rate to be awarded on the forum in which the relevant court sits (Washington, D.C.,

4

See also Chuisano, 116 Fed. Cl. at 285 (cautioning against rigid rules or criteria for reasonable basis because they

would subvert the discretion of special masters and stating that an amorphous definition of reasonable basis is

consistent with the Vaccine Act as a whole).

for Vaccine Act cases), except where an attorney’s work was not performed in the forum and there

is a substantial difference in rates (the so-called “Davis exception”). Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348

(citing Davis Cty. Solid Waste Mgmt. & Energy Recovery Special Serv. Dist. v. U.S. Envtl. Prot.

Agency, 169 F.3d 755, 758 (D.C. Cir. 1999)). A 2015 decision established the hourly rate ranges

for attorneys with different levels of experience who are entitled to the forum rate in the Vaccine

Program. See McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323, at

*19 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015).

Petitioner requests the following rates for his attorneys, based on the years work was

performed:

Attorney 2021 2022 2023

Mr. William Cochran $420.00 $435.00 $450.00

Mr. Chris Webb $364.00 $395.00 $410.00

Paralegal $161.00 $167.00 $172.00

Final Fees Motion at 7.

Mr. Cochran and Mr. Webb practice in Memphis, TN—a jurisdiction that has been deemed

“in forum.” Accordingly, they should be paid forum rates as established in McCulloch. See Hock

v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 17-168V, 2021 WL 1733520, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.

Apr. 8, 2021). The rates requested for paralegals are also consistent with what has previously been

awarded, in accordance with the Office of Special Masters’ fee schedule. 5 Martinez v. Sec’y of

Health & Hum. Servs., No. 16-738V, 2022 WL 1210556, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 29,

2022). I thus find no cause to reduce them in this instance. And I deem the time devoted to the

matter to be reasonable. I will therefore award all fees requested without adjustment.

III. Calculation of Costs

Just as they are required to establish the reasonableness of requested fees, petitioners must

also demonstrate that requested litigation costs are reasonable. Presault v. United States, 52 Fed.

Cl. 667, 670 (2002); Perreira v. Sec’y of Dep’t of Health & Hum. Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (1992).

Reasonable costs include the costs of obtaining medical records and expert time incurred while

working on a case. Fester v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No.10-243V, 2013 WL 5367670, at

*16 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 27, 2013). When petitioners fail to substantiate a cost item, such as

by not providing appropriate documentation to explain the basis for a particular cost, special

5

OSM Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedules, https://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/node/2914 (last visited January

8, 2024).

masters have refrained from paying the cost at issue. See, e.g., Gardner-Cook v. Sec’y of Health

& Hum. Servs., No. 99-480V, 2005 WL 6122520, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 30, 2005).

Petitioner seeks $3,579.08 in outstanding costs, including the filing fee, medical record

retrieval costs, travel costs to meet with the Petitioner, mailing costs and the services of one expert,

Dr. Justin Willer. Final Fees Mot. at 3. Dr. Willer charged $1700.00 for his services, with an hourly

rate of $550. He reviewed and summarized medical records, consulted with Petitioner’s counsel,

provided preliminary opinions, and answered questions from Petitioner’s counsel – although it

does not appear a report prepared by him was ever filed. In the future, I caution counsel against

retaining experts if they are unsure whether they will actually produce materials used in the case

– or where they cannot expressly represent the expert has counseled against proceeding with the

claim. However, in this instance, the cost for Dr. Willer’s services will be awarded, since I had

expressly directed the Petitioner to obtain an expert.

All other fees requested are commonly incurred in the Vaccine Program, and are reasonable

herein. All requested costs shall also be awarded.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, and in the exercise of the discretion afforded to me in determining

the propriety of a final fees award, I GRANT Petitioner’s Motion for Attorney’s Fees and Costs

in its entirety and award a total of $44,693.38 reflecting $41,114.30 in attorney’s fees and

$3,579.08 in costs in the form of a check made jointly payable to Petitioner and her attorney, Mr.

William Cochran.

In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of the

Court SHALL ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance with the terms of this Decision. 6

IT IS SO ORDERED.

s/ Brian H. Corcoran

Brian H. Corcoran

Chief Special Master

6

Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), the parties may expedite entry of judgment if (jointly or separately) they file notices

renouncing their right to seek review.