stating that services that are “primarily of a secretarial or clerical nature 3 . . . should be considered as normal overhead office costs included within the attorneys’ fee rates”
How later courts described this case
- stating that services that are “primarily of a secretarial or clerical nature 3 . . . should be considered as normal overhead office costs included within the attorneys’ fee rates”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
Filed: March 26, 2024
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
PATRICIA EDWARDS, * UNPUBLISHED
*
Petitioner, * No. 20-612V
*
v. * Special Master Dorsey
*
SECRETARY OF HEALTH * Attorneys’ Fees and Costs
AND HUMAN SERVICES, *
*
Respondent. *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Bridget Candace McCullough, Muller Brazil, LLP, Dresher, PA, for Petitioner.
Voris Edward Johnson, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.
DECISION ON ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS 1
On May 15, 2020, Patricia Edwards (“Petitioner”) filed a petition in the National Vaccine
Injury Program 2 alleging she suffered a left shoulder injury related to vaccine administration
(“SIRVA”), a Table injury, and left axillary neuropathy as a result of a tetanus-diphtheria-
acellular pertussis (“Tdap”) vaccine administered on December 27, 2018. Petition at Preamble
(ECF No. 1). On April 19, 2023, the undersigned issued a Decision Based on Stipulation.
Decision Based on Stipulation dated Apr. 19, 2023 (ECF No. 62).
1
Because this Decision contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case, the
undersigned is required to post it on the United States Court of Federal Claims’ website and/or at
https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/uscourts/national/cofc in accordance with the E-
Government Act of 2002. 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2018) (Federal Management and Promotion of
Electronic Government Services). This means the Decision will be available to anyone with
access to the Internet. In accordance with Vaccine Rule 18(b), Petitioner has 14 days to
identify and move to redact medical or other information, the disclosure of which would
constitute an unwarranted invasion of privacy. If, upon review, the undersigned agrees that the
identified material fits within this definition, the undersigned will redact such material from
public access.
2
The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program is set forth in Part 2 of the National
Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755, codified as amended,
42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-1 to -34 (2018) (“Vaccine Act” or “the Act). All citations in this Decision to
individual sections of the Vaccine Act are to 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa.
On August 17, 2023, Petitioner filed an application for attorneys’ fees and costs.
Petitioner’s Application for Attorney Fees and Costs (“Pet. Mot.”), filed Aug. 17, 2023 (ECF No.
68). Petitioner requests compensation in the amount of $67,793.07, representing $43,811.00 in
attorneys’ fees and $23,982.07 in costs. Id. at 2. Pursuant to General Order No. 9, Petitioner
warrants that she has not personally incurred any costs in pursuit of her claim for compensation.
Id. Respondent filed his response on August 17, 2023, indicating that he “is satisfied the
statutory requirements for an award of attorneys’ fees and costs are met in this case.”
Respondent’s Response to Pet. Mot., filed Aug. 17, 2023, at 2 (ECF No. 69). Petitioner did not
file a reply thereafter. The matter is now ripe for disposition.
For the reasons discussed below, the undersigned GRANTS IN PART Petitioner’s
motion and awards a total of $67,497.07.
I. DISCUSSION
Under the Vaccine Act, the special master shall award reasonable attorneys’ fees and
costs for any petition that results in an award of compensation. § 15(e)(1). When
compensation is not awarded, the special master “may” award reasonable attorneys’ fees and
costs “if the special master or court determines that the petition was brought in good faith and
there was a reasonable basis for the claim for which the petition was brought.” Id. In this case,
because Petitioner was awarded compensation pursuant to a stipulation, she is entitled to a
final award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs.
A. Reasonable Attorneys’ Fees
The Federal Circuit has approved use of the lodestar approach to determine reasonable
attorneys’ fees and costs under the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 515
F.3d 1343, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2008). Using the lodestar approach, a court first determines “an
initial estimate of a reasonable attorney’s fee by ‘multiplying the number of hours reasonably
expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly rate.’” Id. at 1347-58 (quoting Blum v.
Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). Then, the court may make an upward or downward
departure from the initial calculation of the fee award based on other specific findings. Id. at
1348.
Counsel must submit fee requests that include contemporaneous and specific billing
records indicating the service performed, the number of hours expended on the service, and the
name of the person performing the service. See Savin v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 85 Fed.
Cl. 313, 316-18 (2008). Counsel should not include in their fee requests hours that are
“excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 3
F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). It is
“well within the special master’s discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in [her]
experience and judgment, [is] reasonable for the work done.” Id. at 1522. Furthermore, the
special master may reduce a fee request sua sponte, apart from objections raised by Respondent
and without providing a petitioner notice and opportunity to respond. See Sabella v. Sec’y of
Health & Hum. Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 209 (2009).
2
A special master need not engage in a line-by-line analysis of a petitioner’s fee
application when reducing fees. Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 102 Fed. Cl.
719, 729 (2011). Special masters may rely on their experience with the Vaccine Program and its
attorneys to determine the reasonable number of hours expended. Wasson v. Sec’y of Health &
Hum. Servs., 24 Cl. Ct. 482, 484 (Fed. Cl. Nov. 19, 1991), rev’d on other grounds & aff’d in
relevant part, 988 F.2d 131 (Fed. Cir. 1993). Just as “[t]rial courts routinely use their prior
experience to reduce hourly rates and the number of hours claimed in attorney fee requests . . .
[v]accine program special masters are also entitled to use their prior experience in reviewing fee
applications.” Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1521.
i. Reasonable Hourly Rates
Petitioner requests the following hourly rates for the work of her counsel: for Mr. Paul
Brazil, $325.00 per hour for work performed in 2019; for Ms. Shealene Mancuso, $275.00 per
hour for work performed in 2020; and for Ms. Bridget McCullough, $250.00 per hour for work
performed in 2020, $275.00 per hour for work performed in 2021, $300.00 per hour for work
performed in 2022, and $350.00 per hour for work performed in 2023. Petitioner also requests
rates between $125.00 and $177.00 per hour for work of her counsel’s paralegals from 2019 to
2023.
The undersigned finds the rates are consistent with what counsel have previously been
awarded for their Vaccine Program work, and finds them to be reasonable herein.
ii. Reasonable Hours Expended
In reducing an award of fees, the goal is to achieve rough justice, and therefore a special
master may take into account their overall sense of a case and may use estimates when reducing
an award. See Florence v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 15-255V, 2016 WL 6459592, at
*5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 6, 2016) (citing Fox v. Vice, 563 U.S. 826, 838 (2011)). It is well
established that an application for fees and costs must sufficiently detail and explain the time
billed so that a special master may determine, from the application and the case file, whether the
amount requested is reasonable. Bell v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 18 Cl. Ct. 751, 760
(1989); Rodriguez v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 06-559V, 2009 WL 2568468 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. July 27, 2009). Petitioner bears the burden of documenting the fees and costs
claimed. Rodriguez, 2009 WL 2568468 at *8.
The undersigned has reviewed the submitted billing entries and finds the total number of
hours billed to be largely reasonable. However, the undersigned finds a reduction necessary
where paralegal Tereza Pavlacsek billed for filing documents. Billing for some administrative
tasks such as filing, even at a paralegal rate, is not permitted. See Rochester v. United States, 18
Cl. Ct. 379, 387 (1989) (stating that services that are “primarily of a secretarial or clerical nature
3
. . . should be considered as normal overhead office costs included within the attorneys’ fee
rates”). This results in a reduction of $171.00. 3
B. Attorneys’ Costs
Petitioner requests a total of $23,982.07 in attorney’s costs. This amount is comprised of
the filing fee, acquiring medical records, FedEx and other shipping costs, and work performed by
Petitioner’s medical experts, Dr. Naveed Natanzi and Dr. Daniel Menkes. The undersigned has
reviewed the requested costs and finds them to be well-supported and reasonable.
Dr. Natanzi requests $11,960.00 for 23 hours of work in 2022, billed at a rate of $520.00
per hour. Although this rate is higher than the undersigned has granted previously for work
performed in prior years, she finds the rate increase reasonable and consistent with what Dr.
Natanzi has been awarded for work performed in 2022. See Macaluso v. Sec’y of Health &
Hum. Servs., No. 18-614V, 2021 WL 1251105, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 26, 2021) (the
undersigned awarding Dr. Natanzi an increased rate of $475.00 per hour for work performed in
2019); Peka v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 20-1099V, 2023 WL 9288151, at *4 (Fed.
Cl. Spec. Mstr. Dec. 20, 2023) (Chief Special Master Corcoran awarding Dr. Natanzi an
increased rate of $520.00 per hour for work performed in 2022).
Dr. Menkes requests $8,500.00 for work performed at a rate of $500.00 per hour. First,
the undersigned notes Dr. Menkes billed 16.75 hours, which total $8,375.00. This results in a
reduction of $125.00. Second, it does not appear Dr. Menkes has previously been awarded fees
in the Vaccine Program and thus his hourly rate has not yet been determined. Although an
hourly rate of $500.00 is considered high in the Vaccine Program, the undersigned will allow
that rate in this case based on his qualifications as a board-certified neurologist.
II. CONCLUSION
Based on all of the above, the undersigned finds that it is reasonable to compensate
Petitioner and her counsel as follows:
Attorneys’ Fees Requested $43,811.00
(Total Reduction from Billing Hours) - $171.00
Total Attorneys’ Fees Awarded $43,640.00
Attorneys’ Costs Requested $23,982.07
(Reduction of Costs) - $125.00
Total Attorneys’ Costs Awarded $23,857.07
Total Attorneys’ Fees and Costs Awarded $67,497.07
3
These entries are dated May 15, 2020; May 19, 2020; December 6, 2020; December 21, 2021;
March 30, 2022; April 4, 2022; and July 15, 2022.
4
Accordingly, the undersigned awards $67,497.07 in attorneys’ fees and costs, in the
form of a check payable jointly to Petitioner and Petitioner’s counsel, Bridget
McCullough.
In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of
Court SHALL ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance with this decision. 4
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/Nora Beth Dorsey
Nora Beth Dorsey
Special Master
4
Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by the parties’ joint filing
of notice renouncing the right to seek review.
5