The opinion
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
PITTSBURGH DIVISION
DEVIN BRAMHALL, )
)
Plaintiff ) 2:22-CV-01328-RJC-CBB
)
vs. ) ROBERT J. COLVILLE
) United States District Judge
CHARLES DELSANDRO, )
CORRECTIONAL OFFICER I; et al., ) CHRISTOPHER B. BROWN
) United States Magistrate Judge
Defendants )
MEMORANDUM ORDER
ON MOTIONS ECF NOS. 57, 58, 62, 66, 67
I. Introduction
Presently before the Court are the following five motions filed by Plaintiff,
Devin Bramhall:
1. Motion for extension of time to complete discovery (ECF No. 57);
2. Motion to compel discovery (ECF No. 58);
3. Motion for sanctions (ECF No. 62); and
4. Motions for sanctions, in duplicate (ECF Nos. 66, 67).
Corrections Defendants1 have filed an omnibus response to the motion for
extension of time and motion to compel discovery (ECF No. 63). Defendants filed a
1 Defendants include: Charles Delasandro (C/O Delasandro); Logue (“Sgt.
Logue”); Poska (“Lt. Poska”); Pletcher (“C/O Pletcher”); Albright (“C/O Albright”);
Minor (“C/O Minor”); Charles Scoles (“C/O Scoles”); Halkias (“C/O Halkias”); T. Fisher
(“Lt. Fisher”); Elizabeth Rudzienski (“Hearing Examiner Rudzienski”); J. Dongilli
(“Lt. Dongilli”); D.Scherer (“C/O Scherer”); and Kevin Doran (“C/O Doran”)
(collectively “Corrections Defendants”).
separate response to the original motion for sanctions (ECF No. 65), but have not
filed any further response to Plaintiff’s additional two motions for sanctions.
Upon review of all motions and responses thereto, the Court enters the
following Order as to each:
Plaintiff’s motion for extension of time to complete discovery at ECF No.
57 is unopposed and is therefore GRANTED. Discovery is extended to August 22,
2024.
Plaintiff’s motion to compel discovery at ECF No. 58 is GRANTED IN
PART and DENIED IN PART.
Plaintiff’s three motions for sanctions at ECF Nos. 62, 66, 67 are DENIED
WITHOUT PREJUDICE.2
What follows is the only matter which requires further clarity, namely this
Court’s Order as to Plaintiff’s motion to compel discovery at ECF No. 58.
II. Legal Standard
The general framework for determining the scope of allowable discovery for
cases in federal courts is controlled by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b), which
provides as follows:
(b) Discovery Scope and Limits.
2 Bramhall asks this Court to impose sanctions on Corrections
Defendants for failing to preserve and disclose the video footage, which Corrections
Defendants deny exists. Bramhall’s motion is denied without prejudice to reassert
following the Corrections Defendants’ submission of the Notice outlined in this
Memorandum Order.
(1) Scope in General. Unless otherwise limited by court order,
the scope of discovery is as follows: Parties may obtain discovery
regarding any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any
party's claim or defense and proportional to the needs of the case,
considering the importance of the issues at stake in the action,
the amount in controversy, the parties’ relative access to relevant
information, the parties’ resources, the importance of the
discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the burden or
expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit.
Information within this scope of discovery need not be admissible
in evidence to be discoverable.
(2) Limitations on Frequency and Extent.
(A) When permitted. By order, the court may alter the
limits in these rules on the number of depositions and
interrogatories or on the length of depositions under Rule
30. By order or local rule, the court may also limit the
number of requests under Rule 36.
(B) Specific Limitations on Electronically Stored
Information. A party need not provide discovery of
electronically stored information from sources that the
party identifies as not reasonably accessible because of
undue burden or cost. On motion to compel discovery or
for a protective order, the party from whom discovery is
sought must show that the information is not reasonably
accessible because of undue burden or cost. If that
showing is made, the court may nonetheless order
discovery from such sources if the requesting party shows
good cause, considering the limitations of Rule 26(b)(2)(C).
The court may specify conditions for the discovery.
(C) When required. On motion or on its own, the court
must limit the frequency or extent of discovery otherwise
allowed by these rules or by local rule if it determines
that:
(i) the discovery sought is unreasonably
cumulative or duplicative, or can be obtained
from some other source that is more convenient,
less burdensome, or less expensive;
(ii) the party seeking discovery has had ample
opportunity to obtain the information by
discovery in the action; or
(iii) the burden or expense of the proposed
discovery outweighs its likely benefit,
considering the needs of the case, the amount in
controversy, the parties' resources, the
importance of the issues at stake in the action,
and the importance of the discovery in resolving
the issues.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b).
Generally, courts afford considerable latitude in discovery to ensure that
litigation proceeds with “the fullest possible knowledge of the issues and facts before
trial.” Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. 495, 501. The polestar of discovery is relevance,
which, for discovery purposes, is interpreted broadly. All relevant material is
discoverable unless an applicable evidentiary privilege is asserted. Pearson v.
Miller, 211 F.3d 57, 65 (3d Cir. 2000). When there is no doubt about relevance, a
court should tend toward permitting discovery. Heat & Control, Inc. v. Hester
Indus., Inc., 785 F.2d 1017, 1024 (Fed. Cir. 1986) (citing Deitchman v. E.R. Squibb
& Sons, Inc., 740 F.2d 556, 556 (7th Cir. 1984)).
Fed. R. Civ. P. 34 requires that a party served with a document request
either produce the requested documents or state a specific objection for each item or
category objected to. The burden is upon the party objecting to discovery to state
the grounds for the objection with specificity. Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(b)(2); Momah v.
Albert Einstein Med. Ctr., 164 F.R.D. 412, 417 (E.D. Pa. 1996). “Mere recitation of
the familiar litany that an interrogatory or a document production request is overly
broad, burdensome, oppressive and irrelevant will not suffice.” Id. (quoting Josephs
v. Harris Corp., 677 F.2d 985, 992 (3d Cir. 1982)). The objecting party must
demonstrate in specific terms why a particular discovery request does not fall
within the broad scope of discovery or is otherwise privileged or improper. Goodman
v. Wagner, 553 F. Supp. 255, 258 (E.D. Pa. 1982). The party attempting to withhold
the release of relevant material on the grounds of privilege must also “describe the
nature of the documents, communications, or other tangible things not produced or
disclosed . . . in a manner that . . . will enable other parties to assess the claim.”
Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(5)(A)(ii). Once an objection has been properly articulated, the
burden rests with the party seeking discovery to show that a discovery request lies
within the bounds of Rule 26. Momah, 164 F.R.D. at 417. Then, the party opposing
discovery must convince the court why discovery should not be had. Id. (citing
Amcast Indus. Corp. v. Detrex Corp., 138 F.R.D. 115, 118–19 (N.D. Ind. 1991)).
Fed. R. Civ. P. 37 allows a party who has received evasive or incomplete
discovery responses to seek a court order compelling additional disclosure or
discovery. “The party seeking the order to compel must demonstrate the relevance
of the information sought. The burden then shifts to the opposing party, who must
demonstrate in specific terms why a discovery request does not fall within the broad
scope of discovery or is otherwise privileged or improper.” Option One Mortg. Corp.
v. Fitzgerald, No. 3:07-CV-1877, 2009 WL 648986, at *2 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 11, 2009).
With these principles in mind, the Court will review Bramhall’s motion to compel.
III. Discussion
Bramhall is a prisoner in the custody of the Pennsylvania Department of
Corrections (“DOC”). He has sued several DOC officials and employees all of whom
worked at State Correctional Institution (“SCI”) Fayette during the relevant time.
Bramhall alleges that Corrections Defendants violated his rights under the First,
Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
After the Court ruled on the Corrections Defendants’ motion to dismiss, the
following claims remain in this case: (1) an Eighth Amendment cruel and unusual
punishment claim against C/O Delasandro and Sgt. Logue for using Oleosresin
Capsicum spray (“OC spray”); (2) an Eighth Amendment cruel and unusual
punishment claim against Lt. Poska, C/Os Pletcher, Albright, Minor, Scoles and
Doran for physical and sexual assault; (3) a First Amendment retaliation claim
against Lt. Fisher for issuing a retaliatory misconduct; (4) a Fourteenth
Amendment procedural due process claim against Lt. Fisher and Hearing Examiner
Rudzienski (4) a Fourteenth Amendment procedural due process claim against C/O
Halkias and Lt. Dongilli for destroying Bramhall’s personal property; and (5) a First
Amendment access to courts/legal mail claim against C/O Scherer and Lt. Dongilli
for not delivering Bramhall’s legal mail and threatening Bramhall with bodily harm
to withdraw his grievance related to his legal mail. See Compl. (ECF No. 8) at pp.
11-12; Report and Recommendation, 11/15/2023 (ECF No. 44), adopted by Order,
12/11/2023 (ECF No. 45).
The time to file any motions pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 37 was May 20, 2024.
The pending discovery motion was timely filed by Bramhall on May 15, 2024. In it,
Bramhall seeks to compel responses to several discovery request that Corrections
Defendants objected to. Each request subject of the motion to compel is addressed
below.
A. Property Receipt form (DC-135M)
First, Bramhall seeks a property receipt detailing what was removed from his
cell before he was transferred to the Restricted Housing Unit (“RHU”). Corrections
Defendants respond that they located a second form dated June 27, 2021 signed by
C/O Halkias with a notation that “inmate refused to sign” and indicated they will
produce a copy of this document to Plaintiff. Accordingly, this request is denied as
moot.
B. Lt. Dongilli’s investigative reports and statements
Bramhall seeks all investigative reports and statements made by C/O
Scherer and another inmate, Quintez Talley, to Lt. Dongilli while Lt. Dongilli was
investigating Bramhall’s allegations that C/O Scherer delivered legal mail
addressed to Bramhall to Talley and directed Talley to harass Bramhall.
Corrections Defendants maintain that no such reports or statements exist.
When a party seeks discovery that does not exist, the court should exercise its
discretionary power to deny a motion to compel such discovery. Bailey v. Jurnak,
No. 3:18-CV-01437, 2021 WL 12143066, at *3 (M.D. Pa. June 28, 2021). In making
the representation to the Court that no such reports or statements exist, counsel for
Corrections Defendants certifies pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(b)(3) that to the best
of their knowledge, information and belief, this contention has factual support that
the materials sought do not exist. “When discovery requests seek material that
does not exist, there is nothing to compel.” Kokinda v. Pennsylvania Dep't of Corr.,
No. 2:16-CV-0005, 2018 WL 1035261 at *3 (W.D. Pa. Feb. 23, 2018). Corrections
Defendants’ representation that no such discovery exists is accepted by the Court,
however, counsel is reminded of their continued obligation to supplement discovery
responses if they uncover further responsive materials in their possession. Fed. R.
Civ. P. 26(e). Accordingly, Corrections Defendants’ objections are sustained, and
Bramhall’s motion to compel is denied in this respect.
C. Corrections Defendants’ full employment history
Bramhall seeks the full employment history for all Corrections Defendants,
including “prior reports of incidents of misconduct, physical and/or sexual abuse or
any violations of DOC policy, state or federal law, and any sanctions imposed.
Bramhall argues this information is relevant to show a pattern of misconduct and to
establish the Corrections Defendants’ history of misconduct and character. (ECF
No. 58 at 4).
Corrections Defendants respond that this request is overly broad,
burdensome, disproportionate to the needs of the case, not relevant, confidential
and consists of inadmissible pattern and character evidence.
Bramhall’s request is not relevant to any claim or defense in this matter.
Evidence regarding a pattern of misconduct would only be relevant for a claim
asserted under Monell v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658 (1978), which is not
present here. Therefore, Bramhall has not met the threshold requirement of
showing that the requested discovery is relevant, and Corrections Defendants’
objection is sustained, and Bramhall’s motion to compel is denied in this respect.
D. Colored photographs
Bramhall seeks Corrections Defendants to produce color copies of all
photographs previously produced by Corrections Defendants in black and white
format. Bramhall maintains that the third-party vendor who controls inmate mail
does not copy mail in color and that a color copy of these photographs is necessary
because it “depicts the injuries that [Bramhall] sustained to his face and arms as a
result of the Defendants[] assaulting him.” ECF No. 58 at 5. Bramhall claims it is
more difficult to observe the severity of his injuries in the black-and-white format.
Corrections Defendants respond that they do not have any control over the
third-party vendor and how they deliver inmate mail. Alternatively, Corrections
Defendants argue that Bramhall’s argument is premature because Bramhall argues
that he seeks color copies for use at trial and it is not certain that this case will
proceed to trial.
Corrections Defendants’ objections are overruled in part. Should this case
proceed to trial, the Court will enter an Order for Corrections Defendants to
produce all copies of the photographs previously produced in a colored format to
adequately depict Bramhall’s alleged injuries.
E. Photograph snapshots from video previously produced
Bramhall seeks Corrections Defendants to produce specific snapshots from a
video previously produced to him. He claims he does not have the video in his
possession and is unable to view the video again.
Corrections Defendants respond that they are not in possession of any
photographs responsive to this request, the only relevant evidence in their
possession is the video and they are not obligated to produce additional evidence not
in existence.
Corrections Defendants’ objections are sustained in part and overruled in
part. As set forth above, Corrections Defendants are not obligated to produce
evidence that does not exist or create evidence for Bramhall. To the extent that
Bramhall is not able to view the video footage, Corrections Defendants shall
attempt to resolve this issue with SCI Albion. Should this case proceed to trial, the
parties may stipulate to enter the video into evidence or Court will entertain a
motion to enter the video into evidence.
F. Video footage
Lastly, Bramhall seeks Corrections Defendants to produce video footage of
specific dates and times depicting different locations in SCI Fayette that
purportedly captured the physical and sexual assault and the destruction of his
personal property. Specifically, Bramhall seeks video of:
1. The dayroom area of Cellblock “H” on December 3, 2020 between 1830
and 1855 hours;
2. The sallyport area of Cellblock “H” on December 3, 2020 between 1830
and 1855 hours;
3. All video footage from the walkway between Cellblock “H” and the
Medical Department, including those outside the “Concrete Yard”
areas of Cellblocks “E”, “F”, “G” and “H”, outside of the control station
outside the areas of Cellblocks “E”, “F”, “G” and “H”, the “Zone 4”
walkway and the walkway from the “Zone 4 gate” to the entrance of
the Medical Department on December 3, 2020 between 1830 and 1855
hours;
4. Any camera footage in the Medical Department, including those from
the entrance, hallways, inside the trauma or triage rooms labeled
3.186 and 1.186, inside the room in which Bramhall was assessed or
escorted at any time on December 3, 2020 between 1840 and 1905
hours;
5. Any camera footage in the walkway between the entrance of the
Medical Department to the Restricted Housing Unit (“RHU”),
including but not limited to the “Receiving and Discharge” (“R&D”)
area, the R&D hallway, the exit of the R&D hallway and the walkway
from the R&D to the entrance of the RHU on December 3, 2020
between 1850 and 1910 hours;
6. Any camera footage in the RHU Cellblock “J” including the entrance
door, the intake cage, dayroom area of Section “D” of the RHU on
December 3, 2020 between 1900 and 1930 hours;
7. Any camera footage inside of cell JD7 where Bramhall was housed on
December 3, 2020 between 1900 and 2359 hours;
8. Any camera footage of the RHU property room on December 5, 2020
between 1400 and 1600 hours, and specifically the time that Bramhall
was present therein; and
9. Any camera footage of the dayroom area of Section “A” of the RHU on
May 16, 2021 and May 23, 2021 limited to those hours of 1400 and
2000 hours on those days.
Corrections Defendants respond that this request is overbroad, unduly
burdensome, outside the scope of the claims in this lawsuit and that they are only in
possession of the video in association with EOR 2020-FAY-00219 on December 3,
2020 involving Bramhall and that Corrections Defendants produced this video to
Bramhall on February 16, 2024. They argue that “the Court did not order
Plaintiff’s Complaint to be served upon Corrections Defendants until January 2023,
more than two years after all the videos but one were allegedly created. It is
unreasonable to expect the Department of Corrections to indefinitely preserve all
security videos from all vantage points indefinitely. Corrections Defendants have
complied with their obligations to preserve relevant evidence and there has been no
spoliation.” (ECF No. 63 at 3-4).
As stated, the Court cannot compel the production of evidence that does not
exist. Corrections Defendants represent to this Court that no such video footage
exists and implies that while it may have existed at one point, because of the
passage of time, it no longer does. Notwithstanding, Corrections Defendants shall
file a Notice within twenty-one (21) days of this Order attesting to DOC policies
regarding the retention and preservation of security videos, the steps taken to verify
that the requested videos do not exist and identify the names and job titles of DOC
officials with whom the request was lodged. Thereafter, Bramhall may reassert any
grounds to compel production of the requested video footage, if any, based upon
Corrections Defendants response. See accord Sanchez v. Silbaugh, No. CV 20-1005,
2022 WL 16950426, at *3 (W.D. Pa. Nov. 15, 2022), appeal dismissed, No. 22-3421,
2023 WL 4231743 (3d Cir. Mar. 2, 2023). Accordingly, the motion to compel is
denied without prejudice in this respect.
SO ORDERED this 1st day of August, 2024.
BY THE COURT:
s/Christopher B. Brown
CHRISTOPHER B. BROWN
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
cc: DEVIN BRAMHALL
NT8011
SCI ALBION
10745 ROUTE 18
ALBION, PA 16475-0001
Counsel of record via electronic filing