Restricted Filer - Montford v. Pryor, Jr.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

CASE NO. 24-CV-20381-MOORE/Elfenbein

JOHN MONTFORD,

Plaintiff,

v.

WILLIAM H. PRYOR, JR., et al.,

Defendants.

______________________________/

OMNIBUS REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION

THIS CAUSE is before the Court on the Federal Defendants’,1 Defendants City of Coral

Gables and Coral Gables Police Department’s, Defendant American Arbitration Association’s, and

Defendant Magnetic Resonance Institute’s, respective Motions to Dismiss Plaintiff John

Montford’s (“Plaintiff”) Complaint. See generally ECF Nos. [9, 10, 11, 34]. Having reviewed the

Motions to Dismiss, the record,2 and relevant law, I respectfully RECOMMEND that the Motions

1 In the interest of economy, I adopt Counsel for the Federal Defendants’ terminology and refer to

Defendants Chief Circuit Judge William H. Pryor, Jr., Senior Circuit Judge Gerald Tjoflat, Senior Circuit

Judge Lanier Anderson III, Senior Circuit Judge Edward Carnes, Senior Circuit Judge Joel Dubina, Senior

Circuit Judge James Edmondson, Senior Circuit Judge Frank Hull, Senior Circuit Judge Charles Wilson,

Retired Circuit Judge Rosemary Barkett, and Clerk of Court David Smith of the United States Court of

Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit; Senior District Judge William Zloch, Senior District Judge Joan Lenard,

Senior District Judge Federico Moreno and District Judge Jose Martinez of the United States District Court

for the Southern District of Florida; Marco Rubio, United States Senator, and Frederica Wilson, United

States Representative, as the “Federal Defendants.”

2 I ordered Plaintiff to file a Response to the Motions to Dismiss available at docket entries 9 and 34. See

generally ECF No. [45]. Plaintiff responded with his Motion to Correct the Main Lie Stated in Magistrate

Elfenbein’s Order to Respond, ECF No. [58], claiming his response was contained in his Motion to Strike

available at docket entry 26. No Motion to Strike was filed at docket entry 26, but one was filed at docket

entry 31. I have reviewed docket entry 31 and find that does not contain Plaintiff’s response, but instead

contains a one-page document that essentially argues that “Plaintiff is trying to obey all orders.” ECF No.

[31].

to Dismiss, ECF Nos. [9, 10, 11, 34], be GRANTED. Additionally, I respectfully

RECOMMEND that all of Plaintiff’s pending pro se Motions — save Plaintiff’s Motion for a 60-

day Extension of Time to Serve, ECF No. [63] — be DENIED on the ground that Plaintiff is a

restricted filer in this Court, and I recommend that Defendants Stanley Birch, Marcia G. Cooke,

Joseph P. Farina, James Caruso, Robert Dube, Ted Bandstra, and Miami-Dade Police Department

be DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE as parties to this action pursuant to Federal Rule of

Civil Procedure 4(m).

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff is no stranger to this District. Over the past thirty-odd years, Plaintiff has initiated

no less than eight actions in this Court.3 Plaintiff does not hide this fact, nor could he, as the

Complaint is premised in part on allegations that Judges in this District conspired to deprive him

of his constitutional rights through adverse rulings. Plaintiff’s relations with this Court came to a

breaking point in his eighth-filed case when the Honorable Marcia G. Cooke designated Plaintiff

a restricted filer due to his vexatious filings. See Montford v. All Supreme Court Justices, et al.,

No. 08-CV-21778, ECF No. [28] at 2 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 8, 2008) (“Plaintiff is hereby barred from

filing any civil petition or appeal therefrom unless he has first received leave of court to do so.”).

Realizing his restricted filer status in this District, Plaintiff moved on to seek relief in

Florida state court.4 After a sixteen-year hiatus from filing actions in this District, Plaintiff

3 Those cases are: (1) Montford v. Metro Dade County, et al., No. 93-CV-02335 (Moreno, J.), (2) Montford

v. Child Support Div., et al., No. 96-CV-02793 (Moreno, J.), (3) Montford v. Metro Dade County, et al.,

No. 97-CV-01585 (Highsmith, J.), (4) Montford v. Metropolitan Dade County, et al., No. 98-CV-01305

(Moreno, J.), (5) Montford v. Metropolitan Dade, et al., No. 99-CV-01262 (Ungaro, J.), (6) Montford v.

Moreno, et al., No. 03-CV-23144 (Lenard, J.), (7) Montford v. Farina, et al., No. 06-CV-20638 (Martinez,

J.), and (8) Montford v. All Supreme Court Justices, et al., No. 08-CV-21778 (Cooke, J.).

4 On September 13, 2023, Plaintiff filed a Complaint in the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court in and for

Miami-Dade County, Florida alleging violations of the Florida Constitution, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985,

the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 12101 et seq., and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, § 701 et

returned to this Court as a result of the Federal Defendants’ Notice of Removal, which argues that

Plaintiff’s claims against the Federal Defendants “relat[e] to acts allegedly taken under color of

office or in the performance of [their] official duties” and, therefore, removal is appropriate

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1442(a)(1) and (3). See ECF No. [1] at 2-3.5

The Complaint, now before me, names 28 Defendants: (1) Chief Circuit Judge William H.

Pryor, Jr. of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, (2) Senior Circuit Judge Gerald Tjoflat of the

Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, (3) Senior Circuit Judge Lanier Anderson III of the Eleventh

Circuit Court of Appeals, (4) Senior Circuit Judge Edward Carnes of the Eleventh Circuit Court

of Appeals, (5) Senior Circuit Judge Joel Dubina of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, (6)

Senior Circuit Judge James Edmondson of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, (7) Senior

Circuit Judge Frank Hull of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, (8) Senior Circuit Judge Charles

Wilson of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, (9) Retired Circuit Judge Rosemary Barkett of

the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, (10) Retired Circuit Judge Stanley F. Birch Jr. of the

Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, (11) Clerk of Court David Smith of the Eleventh Circuit Court

of Appeals, (12) Senior District Judge William Zloch of the Southern District of Florida, (13)

Senior District Judge Joan Lenard of the Southern District of Florida, (14) Senior District Judge

Federico Moreno of the Southern District of Florida, (15) District Judge Jose Martinez of the

Southern District of Florida, (16) deceased District Judge Marcia G. Cooke of the Southern District

of Florida, (17) Retired United States Magistrate Judge Robert Dube of the Southern District of

seq., as amended by 42 U.S.C.A. § 2000e et seq. See generally ECF No. [1-3].

5 Because the Federal Defendants removed this case from state court and Plaintiff did not file the action in

this District, I find that Judge Cooke’s Order designating Plaintiff a restricted filer does not preclude me

from reviewing the Complaint. See Montford v. All Supreme Court Justices, et al., No. 08-CV-21778, ECF

No. [28] (S.D. Fla. Aug. 8, 2008) (“Plaintiff is hereby barred from filing any civil petition or appeal

therefrom unless he has first received leave of court to do so.” (emphasis added)).

Florida, (18) Retired United States Magistrate Judge Ted Bandstra of the Southern District of

Florida, (19) Marco Rubio, United States Senator, (20) Frederica Wilson, United States

Representative, (21) Miami-Dade County, (22) Miami-Dade Police Department, (23) the City of

Coral Gables, (24) the Coral Gables Police Department, (25) the American Arbitration

Association, (26) Magnetic Resonance Institute, (27) Retired Circuit Court Judge Joseph P. Farina

of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court of Florida, and (28) James Caruso, clerk of an unidentified

court. See ECF No. [1-3]

Plaintiff claims, in eight counts, that the Defendants “forced [him] to work in a racially

hostile work enfironment [sic] through battery related fraud in violation of 42 U.S.C. [§] 1983”

(Count 1), ECF No. [1] at 10-11; “conspir[ed] to commit battery related fraud in violation of 42

U.S.C. [§] 1985” (Count 2), id. at 11-12; violated the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C.

§§ 12101 et seq. (Count 3), see id. at 12-14; subjected him to employment discrimination in

violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, § 701 et seq., as amended by 42 U.S.C.A. § 2000e et

seq. (Count 4), see id. at 15-16; denied him due process “through racism” in violation of 42 U.S.C.

§ 1983 (Count 5), id. at 16-18; denied him due process “through conspiracy” in violation of 42

U.S.C. § 1985(3) (Count 6), id. at 18-20; denied him due process “through lying and thereby

racism” in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Article I, sections two and nine, of the Florida

Constitution (Count 7), id. at 20-22; and denied him due process “through conspiracy” in violation

of 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3) and Article I, sections two and nine, of the Florida Constitution (Count 8),

id. at 22-25. The allegations that purportedly support Plaintiff’s claims are as follows:

In January 1984, “Miami Dade Water and Sewer” hired Plaintiff as a “Clerk II[.]” ECF

No. [1-3] at 4. On October 6, 1988, Plaintiff received a promotion to work as an Inventory Clerk

under a supervisor. See id. In December 1988, Plaintiff filed a police report against the supervisor

for battery and grieved — to an unidentified authority — the supervisor’s decision to (1) deprive

him of break time and full pay and (2) subject him to “[r]acist treatment[.]”6 Id. at 5.

On April 15, 1990, Plaintiff received a promotion to Court Service Officer. In August

1990, Plaintiff was in a car accident allegedly due to one of Dade County’s “malfunctioning red

lights[.]” Id. In January 1991, Plaintiff, through counsel, filed a worker’s compensation lawsuit

for his injuries resulting from his car accident. See id.

In February 1991, Coral Gables Police Department arrested Plaintiff for cashing a forged

check during work hours. See id. Plaintiff claims that the Coral Gables Police Department failed

to follow its operating procedures when it arrested Plaintiff before acquiring his time sheets;

Plaintiff argues that, if the Coral Gables Police Department would have acquired his time sheets,

they would have proved his innocence. See id. During the pendency of the investigation into the

forged checks, Plaintiff’s employer restricted him to office duties. See id. In August 1991,

Plaintiff filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, alleging that

Miami-Dade County subjected him to racist treatment. See id. at 6. On February 11, 1992, Miami-

Dade County terminated Plaintiff following the conclusion of its investigation, finding that

Plaintiff likely forged checks. See id.

Following his termination, Plaintiff filed a claim for unemployment compensation, which

Miami-Dade County contested. See id. At a hearing on the matter — occurring on May 1, 1992,

before the Unemployment Appeals Commission, counsel for Miami-Dade County claimed it

terminated Plaintiff for threatening other employees. See id. This claim resulted in Plaintiff’s

unemployment income being delayed until October 1992. See id.

6 Plaintiff does not describe the racist treatment he endured with any degree of detail. See generally ECF

No. [1-3].

In or around July 1992, an employment termination hearing was held before a hearing

officer associated with the American Arbitration Association. See id. It is unclear what alleged

injury occurred at this hearing. See generally ECF No. [1-3].

In November 1993, Plaintiff filed his first federal lawsuit in this District, see Montford v.

Metro Dade County, et al., No. 93-cv-02335, ECF No. [1] (S.D. Fla. Nov. 29, 1993), with the

Honorable Federico Moreno presiding. See ECF No. [1-3] at 6. During the pendency of the

proceeding, Magnetic Resonance Institute responded to a Court-issued subpoena but allegedly

refused to disclose all communications with Miami-Dade County concerning Plaintiff’s medical

appointment on the day he allegedly forged the checks. See id. at 7. Judge Moreno ultimately

dismissed Plaintiff’s Complaint due to his failure to comply with the Court’s deadlines. See id.

Plaintiff appealed the dismissal, but the Honorable R. Lanier Anderson III, Gerald Bard Tjoflat,

and Rosemary Barkett affirmed. See id. Plaintiff alleges, generally, that the Judges involved in

this case conspired to prevent him from gathering any evidence to support his claim. See id.

In the Complaint, Plaintiff proceeds to mention his other lawsuits and claims without detail

that the Honorable Joan Lenard, Federico Moreno, Jose Martinez, Marcia Cooke, Lanier Anderson

III, Gerald Tjoflat, Rosemary Barkett, Frank Hull, Joel Dubina, Charles Wilson, Edward Carnes,

Stanley Birch, Jr., William Zloch, and Joseph Farina — all Defendants to this action, engaged in

a cover-up to conceal an unexplained conspiracy being perpetrated against him. See id.at 8.

Plaintiff apparently brought the alleged — and, again, unspecified — judicial misconduct

to the attention of Senator Marco Rubio and Representative Federica Wilson, but these Defendants

took no action to rectify the purported injustice. See id.at 8.

II. LEGAL STANDARDS

“To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter,

accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556

U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). Pleadings

must contain “more than labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a

cause of action will not do.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555 (citation omitted). Indeed, “only a

complaint that states a plausible claim for relief survives a motion to dismiss.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at

679 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556).

To meet this “plausibility standard,” a plaintiff must “plead[] factual content that allows

the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct

alleged.” Id. at 678 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). The standard “does not require ‘detailed

factual allegations,’ but it demands more than an unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-

me accusation.” Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555). “[T]he standard ‘simply calls for enough

fact to raise a reasonable expectation that discovery will reveal evidence’ of the required

element.” Rivell v. Private Health Care Sys., Inc., 520 F.3d 1308, 1309-10 (11th Cir. 2008)

(quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 545).

On a motion to dismiss, “the court must accept all factual allegations in a complaint as true

and take them in the light most favorable to plaintiff.” Dusek v. JPMorgan Chase & Co., 832 F.3d

1243, 1246 (11th Cir. 2016) (citation omitted). Unsupported factual allegations and legal

conclusions, however, receive no such deference. See Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679 (“While legal

conclusions can provide the framework of a complaint, they must be supported by factual

allegations.”). A complaint’s “well-pled allegations must ‘nudge the claims across the line from

conceivable to plausible.’” Hays v. Page Perry, LLC, 627 F. App’x 892, 896 (11th Cir. 2015)

(alterations adopted; quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 570).

When, as here, the plaintiff is proceeding pro se, the Court must interpret the complaint

liberally because pro se pleadings are held to “less stringent standards than formal pleadings

drafted by lawyers[.]” Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976) (quoting Haines v. Kerner, 404

U.S. 519, 520-21 (1972)). At the same time, the Court does not have “license to serve as de facto

counsel for a party, or to rewrite an otherwise deficient pleading in order to sustain an action[.]”

GJR Invs., Inc. v. Cnty. of Escambia, Fla., 132 F.3d 1359, 1369 (11th Cir. 1998) (citations

omitted).

III. DISCUSSION

As discussed in this section, I find that (1) the Federal Defendants’, the City of Coral Gables

and Coral Gables Police Department’s, the American Arbitration Association’s, and Magnetic

Resonance Institute’s respective Motions to Dismiss, ECF Nos. [9, 10, 11, 34], convincingly argue

for the dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against them; (2) Plaintiff’s numerous pending pro se

Motions are in violation of Judge Cooke’s Order designating him a restricted filer and, thus, must

be denied, see generally Montford v. All Supreme Court Justices, et al., No. 08-CV-21778, ECF

No. [28]; and (3) Defendants Stanley Birch, Joseph P. Farina, James Caruso, Robert Dube, Miami-

Dade Police Department, and Ted Bandstra should be dismissed from this action due to Plaintiff’s

failure to comply with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m) and for failing to establish good cause

to excuse his noncompliance with the rule. I explain my reasoning below.

A. Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss

The Federal Defendants’ filed a Motion to Dismiss, arguing four grounds for dismissal.

First, the Federal Defendants argue that the Court should dismiss Plaintiff’s claims against them

for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction because Plaintiff sues them in their official capacities, and

the United States has not waived its sovereign immunity. See ECF No. [9] at 4-6. Second, the

Federal Defendants argue that the Court should dismiss Plaintiff’s claims against Senator Marco

Rubio and Representative Frederica Wilson (hereinafter collectively referred to as “the

Legislators”) under the doctrine of legislative immunity. See id. at 6-7. Third, the Federal

Defendants argue that the Court should dismiss Plaintiff’s claims against Judges Tjoflat, Anderson,

Carnes, Dubina, Edmonson, Hull, Wilson, Barkett, Zloch, Lenard, Moreno, Martinez, and Clerk

of Court David Smith (hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Judicial Officers”) under the

doctrine of judicial immunity. See id. at 7-8. Finally, the Federal Defendants argue that the Court

should dismiss Plaintiff’s claims against them because the Complaint is an impermissible shotgun

pleading that violates Rules 8(a) and 10(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See id. at 8-

10. I find the Federal Defendants’ first, second, and third arguments for dismissal persuasive and

recommend that Judge Moore grant the Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss on those grounds.7

1. Sovereign Immunity

The Court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s claims against the Federal

Defendants as sovereign immunity applies to the extent Plaintiff sued them in their official

capacity. “It is axiomatic that the United States may not be sued without its consent and that the

existence of consent is a prerequisite for jurisdiction.” United States v. Mitchell, 463 U.S. 206,

212 (1983). Indeed, “[a] waiver of sovereign immunity ‘cannot be implied but must be

unequivocally expressed.’” United States v. Mitchell, 445 U.S. 535, 538 (1980) (quoting United

States v. King, 395 U.S. 1, 4 (1969)). The plaintiff must establish the existence of such a waiver,

absent which “courts have no subject matter jurisdiction over cases against the [federal]

7 As sovereign immunity, legislative immunity, and judicial immunity are dispositive of Plaintiff’s claims

against the Federal Defendants, the Court need not reach the issue of whether the Complaint is a shot-gun

pleading and whether leave to amend is appropriate.

government.” Munns v. Kerry, 782 F.3d 402, 412 (9th Cir. 2015) (alteration in original). When

suing a federal officer in his or her official capacity, sovereign immunity likewise extends to the

actions of that federal officer, including federal judges and members of Congress. See Alter v.

U.S. Supreme Ct., No. 2:23-CV-05579-ODW-PD, 2023 WL 4873627, at *3 (C.D. Cal. July 31,

2023) (finding that doctrine of sovereign immunity barred claims against the Supreme Court

Justices in their official capacity); Smith v. Scalia, No. 14-5180, 2015 WL 13710107, at *1 (D.C.

Cir. Jan. 14, 2015) (summarily dismissing appeal when claims were “based entirely on [the

appellant’s] dissatisfaction with acts taken by appellees in their capacity as judges” and the

appellant failed to show any precedent that would support his claims for damages or otherwise

establish a waiver of sovereign immunity); Peterson v. Timme, 621 F. App’x 536, 541 (10th Cir.

July 30, 2015) (concluding that the plaintiff faced “a significant — and ultimately insurmountable

— obstacle: that is, sovereign immunity” when he filed suit against a federal judge in his official

capacity and failed to identify any waiver of sovereign immunity, thereby depriving the court of

subject-matter jurisdiction to hear such a claim); Rockefeller v. Bingaman, 234 F. App’x 852, 855

(10th Cir. 2007) (finding that sovereign immunity applied to a member of the House of

Representatives and a U.S. Senator, explaining that, when “acting in their official capacities, [they]

enjoy the envelope of the Congress’ sovereign immunity[.]”).

Here, the Complaint purports to state claims against the Federal Defendants in their official

capacity; that is, it seeks relief and damages from federal judges, a congresswoman, a senator, and

a clerk of court for the actions they took in such official roles. However, Plaintiff’s Complaint

does not address or otherwise acknowledge the existence of sovereign immunity, much less a

waiver of sovereign immunity. And, as the Federal Defendants point out, none of the possible

claims he advances against them in Counts VII and VIII for purported violations of 42 U.S.C. §

1983, 42 U.S.C. § 1985, and the Florida Constitution, provide for a waiver of sovereign immunity.

Absent such an explicit waiver, this Court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s claims

against the Federal Defendants, requiring dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against them. On this

basis, I recommend dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against the Federal Defendants, but as further

explained below, I also recommend dismissal on alternative grounds.

2. Legislative Immunity

Even if sovereign immunity did not apply, the doctrine of legislative immunity bars

Plaintiff’s Florida and federal claims against the Legislators. Both Florida and federal courts have

recognized the right of “legislators to be free from arrest or civil process for what they do or say

in legislative proceedings[.]” Tenney v. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367, 372 (1951); see Fried v. State,

355 So. 3d 899, 906 (Fla. 2023) (“Legislative immunity is commonly understood as a doctrine that

protects legislators from being sued for all actions taken in their lawmaking capacity and is a

doctrine broadly recognized by federal and state courts alike.” (citing Bogan v. Scott-Harris, 523

U.S. 44, 48 (1998))). Legislative immunity for United States Senators and Representatives derives

from the Speech and Debate Clause, United States Constitution, Article I, § 6, and extends broadly

to bar criminal prosecution or civil suit based on “anything ‘generally done in a session of the

House [or Senate] by one of its members in relation to the business before it.’” Gravel v. United

States, 408 U.S. 606, 624 (1972) (quoting Kilbourn v. Thompson, 103 U.S. 168 (1880)).

Plaintiff makes only threadbare allegations against Senator Rubio and Representative

Wilson, claiming that “Plaintiff filed and requested Congresswoman Frederica Wilson and Senator

Marco Rubio to forward the evidence and request to have the LAWS obeyed to the House Judiciary

Committee (HJC)[,]” ECF No. [1-3] at 9 (emphasis in original), and that “Senator Marco Rubio

and Congresswoman Frederica Wilson helped continue this Conspiracy by not forwarding the

complaint to the HJC,” id. at 21. However, Senator Rubio and Representative Wilson’s decision

“not to take legislative action in response to [Plaintiff’s] prompts” is protected under the Speech

and Debate Clause. Rockefeller v. Bingaman, 234 F. App’x 852, 855 (10th Cir. 2007) (citing Doe

v. McMillan, 412 U.S. 306, 311, 312-13 (1973); quotation omitted)). Therefore, Plaintiff’s claims

against Senator Marco Rubio and Representative Frederica Wilson are doctrinally barred.

3. Judicial Immunity

Similarly, even if sovereign immunity did not apply, the doctrine of judicial immunity bars

Plaintiff’s Florida and federal claims against the Judicial Officers8. Under Florida and federal law,

judges are entitled to absolute judicial immunity from damages for acts taken in their judicial

capacity unless they act in the absence of all jurisdiction. See Bolin v. Story, 225 F.3d 1234, 1239

(11th Cir. 2000) (“Judges are entitled to absolute judicial immunity from damages for those acts

taken while they are acting in their judicial capacity[.]”). “A judge will not be deprived of

immunity because the action [s]he took was in error, was done maliciously, or was in excess of

h[er] authority; rather, [s]he will be subject to liability only when [s]he has acted in the ‘clear

absence of all jurisdiction.’” Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, 356-57 (1978) (footnote omitted;

quoting Bradley v. Fisher, 80 U.S. 335, 336 (1871)). “Clerks of the court [also] have absolute

immunity for a narrow range of acts ‘they are specifically required to do under court order or at a

judge’s direction . . . .’” Darst v. Scriven, No. 22-10918, 2023 WL 2401331, at *2 (11th Cir. Mar.

8, 2023) (quoting Tarter v. Hury, 646 F.2d 1010, 1013 (5th Cir. 1981));9 see also Fong, 105 So.

8 When I use the phrase “Judges,” I am referring to Judges Pryor, Tjoflat, Anderson, Carnes, Dubina,

Edmonson, Hull, Wilson, Barkett, Zloch, Lenard, Moreno, and Martinez, and when I use the phrase

“Judicial Officers,” I am referring to the Judges and Clerk of Court David Smith.

9 In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206 (11th Cir. 1981), the Eleventh Circuit adopted as binding

precedent all decisions of the former Fifth Circuit rendered before the close of business on September 30,

1981. See id. at 1207.

3d at 652 (“Th[e] doctrine [of judicial immunity] has been extended to quasi-judicial officials,

such as a clerk of court, performing judicial acts.” (citing Off. of State Att’y, Fourth Jud. Cir. of

Fla. v. Parrotino, 628 So. 2d 1097, 1098 (Fla. 1993))).

Plaintiff sues the Judges party to this action for the adverse decisions they issued against

him, which Plaintiff frames as the fixing of cases. See ECF No. [1-3] at 2, 21, 23, 25. And with

respect to Clerk Smith, Plaintiff makes the unsubstantiated and conclusory allegation that this

Defendant is complicit in the alleged injustice perpetrated against him by the Judges, presumably

for his part in the issuance of decisions adverse to Plaintiff’s interests. Neither allegation

establishes that these Defendants acted in the absence of all jurisdiction, nor is there anything in

the record to support such an allegation. Thus, the doctrine of judicial immunity applies, and

Plaintiff’s claims against the Judicial Officers are doctrinally barred.

For the foregoing reasons, I recommend that the Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss,

ECF No. [9], be granted, and Plaintiff’s claims against the Legislators and the Judicial Officers be

dismissed with prejudice.

B. The City of Coral Gables and Coral Gables Police Department’s Motion to

Dismiss

The City of Coral Gables and Coral Gables Police Department (hereinafter referred to

collectively as “the City”) filed a Motion to Dismiss, arguing three grounds for dismissal. First,

the City contends that the Complaint should be dismissed because Judge Cooke has designated

Plaintiff a restricted filer. See ECF No. [34] at 10. Second, the City asserts that the doctrine of

res judicata bars Plaintiff’s claims. See ECF No. [34] at 11-13. And third, the City argues that

Plaintiff’s claims are untimely under the statute of limitations. As I have already discussed, I find

that Plaintiff’s Complaint is beyond the scope of Judge Cooke’s order, see supra note 5; and in

any event, I find that the Motion’s other two grounds for dismissal are convincing.

1. Res Judicata

The doctrine of res judicata bars Plaintiff’s Florida and federal claims against the City.

The doctrine of res judicata, also known as “claim preclusion,” “is a judicially crafted doctrine,

created to provide finality and conserve resources.” Maldonado v. U.S. Att’y. Gen., 664 F.3d 1369,

1375 (11th Cir. 2011). Res judicata applies if the following four elements are present: “(1) there

is a final judgment on the merits; (2) the decision was rendered by a court of competent

jurisdiction; (3) the parties, or those in privity with them, are identical in both suits; and (4) the

same cause of action is involved in both cases.” Ragsdale v. Rubbermaid, Inc., 193 F.3d 1235,

1238 (11th Cir. 1999) (footnote omitted). Res judicata bars not only those claims raised in the

first suit; but also bars those claims which the plaintiff could have raised in the prior suit, if those

claims arise “out of the same nucleus of operative fact as a former action.” O’Connor v. PCA

Family Health Plan, Inc., 200 F.3d 1349, 1355 (11th Cir. 2000) (quotation and alteration omitted).

After reviewing the Complaint, I find that all four elements of the res judicata standard are present

in this case.

As to the first element, Plaintiff named the City in at least four prior cases decided in this

District, all of which were adjudicated on the merits. In the first of those cases, the Court dismissed

Plaintiff’s claims against the City with prejudice for failure to state a claim. See generally

Montford v. Metropolitan Dade County, et al., No. 98-CV-01305, ECF No. [196] (S.D. Fla. Aug.

3, 2021) (recommending that Plaintiff’s claims against the City be dismissed with prejudice for

failure to state a claim); Montford v. Metropolitan Dade County, et al., No. 98-CV-01305, ECF

No. [206] (S.D. Fla. Sep. 24, 2001) (adopting the recommendation of the United States Magistrate

Judge). The Court came to similar conclusions in Plaintiff’s subsequently filed cases. See

generally Montford v. Moreno, et al., No. 03-cv-23144, ECF No. [7] (S.D. Fla. May 3, 2004)

(dismissing Plaintiff’s claims against the City); Montford v. Farina, et al., No. 06-CV-20638, ECF

No. [17] (S.D. Fla. Aug. 10, 2006) (recommending that Plaintiff’s claims against the City be

dismissed with prejudice pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)); Montford v. Farina, et al., No. 06-

CV-20638 ECF No. [21] (S.D. Fla. Aug. 23, 2006) (adopting the recommendation of the United

States Magistrate Judge); Montford v. All Supreme Court Justices, et al., No. 08-CV-21778, ECF

No. [13] (S.D. Fla. July 25, 2008) (dismissing Plaintiff’s claims against the City with prejudice

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)). Because Plaintiff’s claims against the City have previously

been dismissed with prejudice for his failure to state a claim, the first element of the res judicata

standard is satisfied. See Lobo v. Celebrity Cruises, Inc., 704 F.3d 882, 893 (11th Cir. 2013) (“We

also conclude that the September 10, 2009, order was an adjudication on the merits because the

order was a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal with prejudice.” (citations omitted)).

Second, when the Court dismissed Plaintiff’s claims against the City in Montford v.

Metropolitan Dade County, et al., No. 98-CV-01305, a court of competent jurisdiction dismissed

them. “A court of competent jurisdiction is a court with the power to adjudicate the case before

it. . . . [T]his Court has understood the phrase court of competent jurisdiction as a reference to a

court with an existing source of subject-matter jurisdiction.” Lightfoot v. Cendant Mortg. Corp.,

580 U.S. 82, 91-92 (2017) (citations and quotation omitted). In his complaint filed in Montford v.

Metropolitan Dade County, et al., No. 98-CV-01305, Plaintiff raised his claims against the City

under § 1983 for violations of the First, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments. ECF No. [1]

at 2-4. Because Plaintiff pleaded a constitutional violation on the face of the complaint, the Court

had federal question jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331. See Caterpillar Inc. v. Williams,

482 U.S. 386, 392 (1987) (“The presence or absence of federal-question jurisdiction is governed

by the ‘well-pleaded complaint rule,’ which provides that federal jurisdiction exists only when a

federal question is presented on the face of the plaintiff’s properly pleaded complaint.”).

Third, the City was a party to the suit filed in Montford v. Metropolitan Dade County, et

al., No. 98-CV-01305, as well the suits filed in Montford v. Moreno, et al., No. 03-cv-23144,

Montford v. Farina, et al., No. 06-CV-20638, and Montford v. All Supreme Court Justices, et al.,

No. 08-CV-21778.

Finally, Montford v. Metropolitan Dade County, et al., No. 98-CV-01305 — as well as

Montford v. Moreno, et al., No. 03-CV-23144, Montford v. Farina, et al., No. 06-CV-20638, and

Montford v. All Supreme Court Justices, et al., No. 08-CV-21778 — arise “out of the same

operative nucleus of fact” as the instant case. Pleming v. Universal–Rundle Corp., 142 F.3d 1354,

1356 (11th Cir. 1998) (quoting Manning v. City of Auburn, 953 F.2d 1355, 1358-59 (11th Cir.

1992)). Both this case and Plaintiff’s previously filed cases relate back to alleged discriminatory

practices while employed by Miami-Dade County and the City’s alleged part in events that led to

Plaintiff’s dismissal from Miami-Dade County’s employ. See generally ECF No. [1-3]; Montford

v. Metropolitan Dade County, et al., No. 98-CV-01305, ECF No. [159] (S.D. Fla. Nov. 1, 2000);

Montford v. Moreno, et al., No. 03-CV-23144, ECF No. [5] (S.D. Fla. Apr. 12, 2004); Montford

v. Farina, et al., No. 06-CV-20638, ECF No. [1] (S.D. Fla. Mar. 14, 2006); Montford v. All

Supreme Court Justices, et al., No. 08-CV-21778, ECF No. [1] (S.D. Fla. June 23, 2008).

In sum, because each element of the res judicata standard is satisfied in this case, Plaintiff’s

claims against the City are barred.

2. Statute of Limitations

Plaintiff’s claims against the City are also untimely under the statute of limitations.

Plaintiff names the City in Counts Five, Six, Seven, and Eight, alleging violations of the Florida

Constitution and 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985(3). See ECF No. [1-3] at 16-24. “Federal courts

apply their forum state’s statute of limitations for personal injury actions to actions brought

pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983.” Lovett v. Ray, 327 F.3d 1181, 1182 (11th Cir. 2003) (quotation

omitted). Furthermore, “[c]onspiracy claims under [§] 1985 share the forum state’s statute of

limitations for tort claims.” Wainberg v. Mellichamp, 93 F.4th 1221, 1225 (11th Cir. 2024)

(citation omitted). In Florida, a Plaintiff has four years from the date his claim accrues to file suit

under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985. See Chappell v. Rich, 340 F.3d 1279, 1283 (11th Cir. 2003)

(“Florida’s four-year statute of limitations applies to such claims of deprivation of rights under 42

U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985.” (citations omitted)). Claims arising from violations of the Florida

Constitution are subject to the same four-year statute of limitations. See Fla. Stat § 95.11(3)

(providing a four-year statute of limitations for “[a]ny action not specifically provided for in these

statutes”).

Plaintiff’s allegations against the City relate back to his February 1991 arrest and the City’s

alleged failure to follow its standard operating procedure in effectuating that arrest. See ECF No.

[1-3] at 5. Based on the barebones factual allegations concerning this incident, I conclude that

Plaintiff’s related claims accrued in February 1991 and, therefore, Plaintiff had four years from

that time to bring his claims against the City. See Foudy v. Indian River Cnty. Sheriff’s Off., 845

F.3d 1117, 1123 (11th Cir. 2017) (“[A]ccording to the Supreme Court, the ordinary rule is that a

§ 1983 claim accrues ‘when the plaintiff has ‘a complete and present cause of action.’” (quoting

Wallace v. Kato, 549 U.S. 384, 388 (2007))); Wainberg, 93 F.4th at 1225 (holding that a § 1985

claim accrues “when ‘facts which would support a cause of action are apparent or should be

apparent to a person with a reasonably prudent regard for his rights.’” (quoting Rozar v. Mullis, 85

F.3d 556, 561-62 (11th Cir. 1996))); Hearndon v. Graham, 767 So. 2d 1179, 1184-85 (Fla. 2000)

(“A statute of limitations runs from the time the cause of action accrues which, in turn, is generally

determined by the date when the last element constituting the cause of action occurs.” (citation

and quotation omitted)). Because Plaintiff’s claims against the City accrued more than thirty ago,

they are untimely and, thus, should be dismissed with prejudice.

For the foregoing reasons, I recommend that the City’s Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. [34],

be granted and that Plaintiff’s claims against the City be dismissed with prejudice.

C. American Arbitration Association Motion to Dismiss

The American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) filed a Motion to Dismiss in which it

argues that dismissal is appropriate because (1) the doctrine of arbitral immunity bars Plaintiff’s

claims against it, (2) the claims are untimely under the relevant statute of limitations, and (3)

Plaintiff failed to plausibly allege facts to state a claim.10 I find that arbitral immunity and the

statute of limitations bar Plaintiff’s claims against AAA.

1. Arbitral Immunity

First, the Court should dismiss Plaintiff’s claim against AAA because arbitrators are

immune from suit. It is well-settled under both Florida and federal law that arbitrators have such

immunity. See, e.g., Olson v. National Ass’n of Secs. Dealers, 85 F.3d 381, 382 (8th Cir. 1996)

(“Because an arbitrator’s role is functionally equivalent to a judge’s role, courts of appeals have

uniformly extended judicial and quasi-judicial immunity to arbitrators” (citations omitted));

Tamari v. Conrad, 552 F.2d 778, 780 (7th Cir. 1977) (concluding that “arbitral immunity should

be extended to cases where the authority of an arbitrator to resolve a dispute is challenged”);

Fernandez v. Wells Fargo Sec., LLC, No. 14-CV-62295, 2014 WL 11776952, at *2 (S.D. Fla. Dec.

29, 2014) (finding that claims against arbitrators “are barred under the doctrine of arbitral

10 As arbitral immunity and the statute of limitations are dispositive of Plaintiff’s claims, the Court need not

reach the issue of whether the Complaint states a claim for relief and whether leave to amend is appropriate.

immunity, which immunizes arbitrators, arbitration forums, their commercially sponsoring

organizations, and their employees from civil liability for actions taken in connection with

administering an arbitration.”); Bradley v. Logue, 2006 WL 2166722, at *3 (N.D. Ga. July 27,

2006) (“Courts have uniformly recognized the doctrine of arbitral immunity, finding that

arbitrators and organizations that sponsor arbitrations are immune from civil liability for acts

performed within the scope of the arbitral process.”); Precision Mech., Inc. v. Karr, 2005 WL

3277966, at *7–8 (M.D. Fla. Dec. 2, 2005) (arbitrators, commercially sponsoring organizations,

and employees “are immune from civil liability for all acts performed in their arbitral capacity”);

§ 682.051(1), Fla. Stat. Ann. (“An arbitrator or an arbitration organization acting in that capacity

is immune from civil liability to the same extent as a judge of a court of this state acting in a

judicial capacity.”).

Plaintiff alleges that AAA’s hearing officer withheld information during his arbitration

with Miami-Dade County by blocking the defendants in that proceeding from answering material

questions, thereby helping them lie. See ECF No. [1-3] at 6, 17. Conducting arbitration

proceedings and making decisions about what is and is not admissible falls clearly within the scope

of the arbitral process. As these are decisions that judges commonly perform, quasi-judicial

immunity extends to such acts of an arbitrator and organizations that sponsor arbitrations, such as

AAA. As a result, I find that arbitral immunity applies to Plaintiff’s claims against AAA and

recommend that such claims be dismissed with prejudice.11

11 Plaintiff does not allege the outcome of the arbitral proceedings in which he participated, but, for purposes

of this Report, I will assume that an arbitral award was made upon either party. See generally ECF No. [1-

3]. Under 9 U.S.C. § 10, arbitral awards can be vacated by a district court upon a showing that (1) “the

award was procured by corruption, fraud, or undue means;” (2) “there was evident partiality or corruption

in the arbitrators, or either of them;” (3) “the arbitrators were guilty of misconduct in refusing to postpone

the hearing, upon sufficient cause shown, or in refusing to hear evidence pertinent and material to the

controversy; or of any other misbehavior by which the rights of any party have been prejudiced;” and (4)

“the arbitrators exceeded their powers, or so imperfectly executed them that a mutual, final, and definite

2. Statute of Limitations

Although it is unclear which particular counts are asserted against AAA, Plaintiff mentions

AAA in Counts Five, Six, Seven, and Eight of the Complaint, alleging violations of the Florida

Constitution and 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985(3). See ECF No. [1-3] at 16-24. As previously

discussed, Plaintiff had four years from the date his claims accrued to file suit for violations of his

state and federal rights. See supra III.B.2 at 16-18. Plaintiff’s claims against AAA relate back to

an arbitration that took place in July 1992. See ECF No. [1-3] at 6. Based on the limited facts

alleged in the Complaint, I find that the claims Plaintiff alleges against AAA accrued in July 1992,

and he had four years from their accrual to file suit. As Plaintiff filed the Complaint approximately

31 years after the alleged arbitration hearing that gave rise to his claims against AAA, the statute

of limitations bars Plaintiff’s claims against AAA.

For the foregoing reasons, I recommend that AAA’s Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. [10], be

granted and that Plaintiff’s claims against AAA be dismissed under the doctrine of arbitral

immunity and as untimely under the statute of limitations.

D. Magnetic Resonance Institute’s Motion to Dismiss

Finally, Magnetic Resonance Institute’s (“MRI”) Motion to Dismiss argues that the Court

should dismiss Plaintiff’s claims against it because (1) the statute of limitation bars them and (2)

Plaintiff failed to allege sufficient factual matter to state a claim.12 See generally ECF No. [11-1].

I recommend that Judge Moore grant MRI’s Motion to Dismiss under the statute of limitations.

award upon the subject matter submitted was not made.” Id. at (a)(1)-(4). Assuming Plaintiff’s claims of

bias and fraud are true, he had a federal judicial remedy to address this injustice.

12 As the statute of limitations defense is dispositive of Plaintiff’s claims, the Court need not reach the issue

of whether the Complaint states a claim for relief and whether leave to amend is appropriate. With that said,

the Court notes that Plaintiff only mentions MRI five times in the Complaint; and in relation to those

references, Plaintiff says little more than it failed to comply with a subpoena. Plaintiff does not articulate

how this alleged failure to comply with a subpoena amounted in a violation of either Florida or federal law.

The statute of limitations bars Plaintiff’s claims against MRI. Plaintiff names MRI in

Counts Seven and Eight of the Complaint, alleging violations of the Florida Constitution and

violations of 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985(3). See ECF No. [1-3] at 20-24. As previously

discussed, to file suit for violations of the Florida Constitution or 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985(3),

the plaintiff must file the action within four years of the claim’s accrual. See supra III.B.2 at 16-

18.

Plaintiff’s claims relate back to 1993 when MRI allegedly failed to comply with a subpoena

issued in Montford v. Metro Dade County, et al., No. 93-cv-02335. See ECF No. [1-3] at 6-7.

Plaintiff had four years from the time of MRI’s alleged discovery violation to bring a claim

(assuming, without deciding, that a private right of action would exist for such a claim). Therefore,

because the alleged injury occurred roughly thirty years ago, the four-year statute of limitations

bars Plaintiff’s Florida and federal claims. For this reason, I recommend that MRI’s Motion to

Dismiss, ECF No. [11], be granted, and that Plaintiff’s claims against MRI be dismissed as

untimely under the statute of limitations.

E. Leave to Amend

Typically, before a court dismisses a pro se plaintiff’s claims with prejudice, the Court will

allow the plaintiff to amend them. See Bank v. Pitt, 928 F.2d 1108, 1112 (11th Cir.1991),

overruled on other grounds by Wagner v. Daewoo Heavy Indus. Am. Corp., 314 F.3d 541, 542

(11th Cir. 2002) (en banc). However, a court need not grant a plaintiff leave to amend, if any

attempt to amend would be futile. See Cockrell v. Sparks, 510 F.3d 1307, 1310 (11th Cir. 2007)

(per curiam). “Leave to amend a complaint is futile when the complaint as amended would still

be properly dismissed . . . .” Id.; see also Brown v. Johnson, 387 F.3d 1344, 1348 (11th Cir. 2004)

(“[A] pro se plaintiff . . . should be afforded . . . [an] opportunity . . . to amend his complaint prior

to its dismissal for failure to state a claim, unless the court can rule out any possibility that an

amended complaint would succeed in stating a claim.” (alteration adopted; quotation omitted)).

Plaintiff’s claims against the Federal Defendants, the City, AAA, and MRI cannot be cured

by amendment because the claims against them are barred. Specifically, the doctrines of sovereign

immunity, judicial immunity, legislative immunity, arbitral immunity, res judicata and the statute

of limitations apply to Plaintiff’s claims as explained above. Any amendment of the Complaint

would, therefore, be futile, so I recommend that the Court dismiss the claims against the Federal

Defendants, the City, AAA, and MRI with prejudice.

F. Plaintiff’s Pending Motions

Plaintiff currently has 36 Motions pending in this case (“Plaintiff’s Motions”). See

generally ECF Nos. [14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38,

39, 40, 41, 42, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69]. Among these are Plaintiff’s “Motion

to Obey the Screams from Law/Justice[,]” ECF No. [14], “Motion to Clarify the Main Lie Used in

this Criminal, Lying Spree of a Racist Conspiracy[,]” ECF No. [35], and “Motion to Agree the

11th Circuit is Proven to be a Racist [Kangaroo] Court[,]” ECF No. [40]. Judge Cooke’s Order

designating Plaintiff a restricted filer was abundantly clear: “The CLERK is directed that any paper

received from Plaintiff John Montford, unless signed by an attorney admitted to practice before

this Court, or unless leave to file has been granted, be rejected for filing.” Montford v. All Supreme

Court Justices, et al., No. 08-CV-21778, ECF No. [28] at 2 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 8, 2008) (emphasis

and citations omitted, caps in original). A review of Plaintiff’s Motions reveals that an attorney

admitted to practice law in the Southern District of Florida has not signed any of them, and a

review of the record in this case reveals that this Court has not given Plaintiff leave to file them

either. Unlike Plaintiff’s Complaint, which is before the Court upon the Federal Defendants’

Notice of Removal, see generally ECF No. [1], Plaintiff’s Motions are all filed pro se and, thus,

must be denied as being in clear violation of Judge Cooke’s Order designating Plaintiff a restricted

filer.

G. The Unserved Defendants

Rule 4(m) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides in relevant part that if a

defendant is not served within 90 days after the complaint is filed, the Court “— on motion or on

its own after notice to the plaintiff — must dismiss the action without prejudice against that

defendant or order that service be made within a specified time.” Id. When a complaint is

removed, the 90-day period to serve set forth in Rule 4(m) is calculated from the date of the notice

of removal. See Mochrie v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., No. 2:16-CV-306-FTM-38CM, 2016 WL

6681062, at *3 (M.D. Fla. Nov. 14, 2016) (“In removed cases, the Rule 4(m) time period starts to

run upon removal to the federal district court, not the date the action was originated in state court.”

(citation omitted)); see also Cardenas v. City of Chicago, 646 F.3d 1001, 1004 (7th Cir. 2011)

(“The same 120-day period applies where suits are removed to federal court from state court,

except that the period commences upon the date of removal.” (citations omitted)).

On April 30, 2024, I entered an Order to Serve after identifying eight Defendants who

appeared unserved. See generally ECF No. [59]. After explaining the requirements of Rule 4(m),

I ordered Plaintiff to “perfect service upon the [u]nserved Defendants in accordance with Rule 4

of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or show cause why he has not . . . by May 10, 2024[.] Id.

at 2. Plaintiff filed a Motion for a 60-day Extension of Time to Serve the Unserved Defendants

(the “Motion”) by my deadline, in which he explained in pertinent part that he shipped a service

packet to the Fulton County Sherriff for service on an unidentified Defendant(s) but service was

never perfected and that he served the Honorable Marcia G. Cooke on December 20 and 21, 2023,

see ECF No. [63] at 1. Plaintiff also purported to provide proof of service for Defendants Miami-

Dade County and Retired Magistrate Judge Ted Bandstra, see id. at 3-4. With respect to the other

Defendants, Plaintiff does not explain why he has yet to serve them. See id. at 1.

As to the merits of the Motion, Plaintiff submitted a return of service for Defendant Miami-

Dade County that appears to comply with Florida Statutes § 48.111(1). See id. at 3. However,

that is all the Motion accomplishes. First, Plaintiff states that he sent a service packet to the Fulton

County Sherriff on an unknown date but does not explain who the Sheriff was meant to serve, how

he will effectuate service upon the unidentified Defendant(s,) or why service has not been

accomplished to date.

Second, Plaintiff claims that he served Marcia G. Cooke in December 2023, but does not

provide a return of service — as he did with Defendants Miami-Dade County and Ted Bandstra

— to support his claim, nor could he as the Honorable Marcia G. Cooke passed away on January

27, 2023, and deceased persons cannot be served. See Talley v. City of LaGrange, Georgia, No.

23-CV-32, 2023 WL 8114369, at *4 (M.D. Ga. Nov. 22, 2023) (finding that the deceased

defendants could not be served); Jay Weaver, Marcia Cooke, Florida’s first Black female federal

judge, dies at 68, Miami Herald (Jan. 27, 2023, 9:45 PM),

https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article262782983.html.

Third, the return of service Plaintiff provides as to Defendant Ted Bandstra fails to show

that Plaintiff properly served him under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4. To serve an officer or

employee of the United States government sued in their individual capacity, in compliance with

Rule 4(i)(3) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a plaintiff “must serve the United States and

also serve the officer or employee under Rule 4(e) . . . .” Id. To serve the United States, a plaintiff

“must deliver a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the United States attorney for the

district where the action is brought[.]” Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(i)(1)(A)(i). And to serve a United States

officer or employee, a plaintiff must deliver “a copy of [the summons] to the person to be served

with a copy of the complaint . . . at his . . . usual place of abode with any person residing therein

who is 15 years of age or older and informing the person of their contents.” Fla. Stat. §

48.031(1)(a); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e) (“[A]n individual . . . may be served in a judicial district

of the United States by . . . following state law for serving a summons in an action brought in

courts of general jurisdiction in the state where the district court is located or where service is

made[.]”); see also Moon v. Newsome, 863 F.2d 835, 837 (11th Cir. 1989) (explaining that a pro

se party must abide by “the relevant law and rules of court, including the Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure”). Here, there is no indication that Plaintiff ever served Retired Magistrate Judge Ted

Bandstra at his usual place of abode. See ECF No. [63] at 4 (showing the summons was served at

“99 NE 1st Ct, 3rd Floor, US Courthouse, Miami, FL 33128”).13 Thus, Plaintiff has not properly

served this Defendant to date.

Finally, Plaintiff does not refer to any of the other unserved Defendants — Stanley Birch,

Joseph P. Farina, James Caruso, Robert Dube, and Miami-Dade Police Department — let alone

how he plans to effectuate service on them if provided the extension of time he requests in the

Motion. See generally id. In short, this case has been pending in federal court for nearly five

months, and Plaintiff has failed to show good cause for his failure to serve Defendants Stanley

Birch, Joseph P. Farina, James Caruso, Robert Dube, Miami-Dade Police Department, and Ted

Bandstra or for his request for a 60-day extension of time to serve them. Therefore, I recommend

that these Defendants be dismissed pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Rule 4(m).

13 The return of service states that service occurred on the third floor of one of the U.S. Courthouses in

Miami. The local Civil Division of the U.S. Attorney’s Office is located on the third floor of one of the

U.S. Courthouses in Miami. However, the address for that courthouse is 99 N.E. 4th Street, Miami, FL

33132.

IV. CONCLUSION

Accordingly, I respectfully RECOMMEND the following:

1. The Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. [9], should be GRANTED

and Plaintiff’s claims against Defendants Chief Circuit Judge William H. Pryor, Jr.,

Senior Circuit Judge Gerald Tjoflat, Senior Circuit Judge Lanier Anderson III,

Senior Circuit Judge Edward Carnes, Senior Circuit Judge Joel Dubina, Senior

Circuit Judge James Edmondson, Senior Circuit Judge Frank Hull, Senior Circuit

Judge Charles Wilson, Retired Circuit Judge Rosemary Barkett, and Clerk of Court

David Smith of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit; Senior

District Judge William Zloch, Senior District Judge Joan Lenard, Senior District

Judge Federico Moreno and District Judge Jose Martinez of the United States

District Court for the Southern District of Florida; Marco Rubio, United States

Senator and Frederica Wilson, United States Representative should be

DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.

2. The City of Coral Gables and Coral Gables Police Department’s Motion to Dismiss,

ECF No. [34], should be GRANTED and Plaintiff’s claims against the Defendants

City of Coral Gables and Coral Gables Police Department should be DISMISSED

WITH PREJUDICE.

3. The American Arbitration Association’s Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. [10], should

be GRANTED and Plaintiff’s claims against Defendant American Arbitration

Association should be DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.

4. Magnetic Resonance Institute’s Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. [11], should be

GRANTED and Plaintiff’s claims against Magnetic Resonance Institute should be

DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.

5. Plaintiff’s pending pro se Motions, ECF Nos. [14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,

26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60,

64, 66, 67, 68, 69], should be DENIED for violating the Honorable Marcia G.

Cooke’s Order designating Plaintiff a restricted filer, Montford v. All Supreme

Court Justices, et al., No. 08-CV-21778, ECF No. [28] (S.D. Fla. Aug. 8, 2008).

6. Plaintiff’s Motion for a 60-day Extension of Time to Serve the Unserved

Defendants, ECF No. [63], should be DENIED; and Defendants Stanley Birch,

Marcia G. Cooke, Ted Bandstra, Joseph P. Farina, James Caruso, Robert Dube, and

Miami-Dade Police Department be DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE as

parties to this action pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Rule 4(m).

7. Defendant Ted Bandstra’s Motion for Enlargement of Time to respond to the

Complaint, ECF No. [71], be DENIED AS MOOT.

The parties will have fourteen (14) days from the date of being served with a copy of this

Report and Recommendation within which to file written objections, if any, with the Honorable

K. Michael Moore, United States District Judge. Failure to timely file objections shall bar the

parties from a de novo determination by the District Judge of an issue covered in the Report and

shall bar the parties from attacking on appeal unobjected-to factual and legal conclusions contained

in this Report except upon grounds of plain error if necessary in the interest of justice. See 28

U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 149 (1985); Henley v. Johnson, 885 F.2d 790,

794 (11th Cir. 1989); 11th Cir. R. 3-1.

CASE NO. 24-CV-20381-MOORE/Elfenbein

RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED in Chambers in Miami, Florida on June 25, 2024.

1 p

Vy od yy PTO Me

MARTY FULGUEIRA ELFENBEIN

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

cc: All Counsel of Record

John Montford, PRO SE

2241 Northwest 188 Terrace

Miami, Florida 33056

28