The opinion
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 EDWARD W MORRISON III and
VALERIE PETROFF, Case No. 5:24-cv-01044-PA (GJS)
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Plaintiffs ORDER DISMISSING ACTION
13 WITHOUT PREJUDICE
v.
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COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE, et al.,
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Defendants.
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18 Plaintiffs initiated this action by filing a petition that seeks relief from
19 California’s statutory requirements for bringing a claim against a government entity.
20 [See Docket 1, “Petition for Relief from Provisions of Government Code § 945.4”
21 (“Petition”)] These statutory provisions are commonly known as the California Tort
22 Claims Act (“CTCA”) – see California Government Code § 810 et seq. – and
23 establish the procedural framework that must be followed to sue a California
24 government entity for damages. Compliance with these procedural rules, including
25 those requiring the filing of an administrative claim within the applicable statute of
26 limitations (usually six months), is a prerequisite to the filing of a civil action
27 alleging state law claims against public entities. (See Cal. Gov. Code, §§ 945.6 and
28 946.) The CTCA does include provisions that allow a litigant to seek to be
1 excused for a failure to comply with the timely administrative claim submission
2 prerequisite to filing suit. In particular, a litigant can file an application with the
3 public agency for leave to submit an untimely claim. See California Government
4 Code §§ 911.4, 911.6. If that application is denied, the litigant may seek relief by
5 filing a petition in the appropriate court within six months of that denial, asking for
6 permission to file a lawsuit despite noncompliance with the CTCA’s statute of
7 limitations. See California Government Code § 946.6 (“Section 946.6”).
8 According to the Petition, Defendant Fred Lopez – who is alleged to be the
9 Code Enforcement Manager for the City of Elsinore – caused a vintage travel trailer
10 owned by Plaintiffs and various of their personal belongings to be removed from
11 Plaintiffs’ property and thereafter destroyed. These events occurred in November
12 2022. Plaintiffs submitted a CTCA claim and application for leave to submit a late
13 claim on November 14, 2023, which were denied on November 16, 2023. [See
14 Petition at 2-3 and Exs. 1-3.] Plaintiffs do not allege that they then filed a petition in
15 state court pursuant to Section 946.6. Rather, they submitted the instant Petition to
16 this District Court. The Petition invokes Section 946.6 and asks the Court to order
17 that Plaintiffs are: relieved of their noncompliance with California Government
18 Code § 945.4; and permitted to bring a lawsuit in this District Court. [Petition at 5.]
19 “Federal courts are always ‘under an independent obligation to examine their
20 own jurisdiction,’ FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas, 493 U.S. 215, 231, 110 S. Ct. 596,
21 107 L.Ed.2d 603 (1990), and a federal court may not entertain an action over which
22 it has no jurisdiction. See Insurance Corp. of Ireland, Ltd. v. Compagnie des
23 Bauxites de Guinee, 456 U.S. 694, 701, 102 S. Ct. 2099, 72 L.Ed.2d 492 (1982); see
24 also Magana v. Commonwealth of N. Mariana Islands, 107 F.3d 1436, 1443 (9th
25 Cir. 1997).” Hernandez v. Campbell, 204 F.3d 861, 865 (9th Cir. 2000). A federal
26 court may dismiss an action sua sponte for lack of jurisdiction. Franklin v. State of
27 Or., State Welfare Division, 662 F.2d 1337, 1342 (9th Cir. 1981). “In contrast to
28 dismissals for failure to state a claim, if the court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, it
1 is not required to issue a summons or follow the other procedural requirements.” Id.
2 Therefore, this Court must resolve the critical question of whether it has jurisdiction
3 over the subject matter of the Petition.
4 Section 946.6(a) provides that:
5 If an application for leave to present a claim is denied or
deemed to be denied pursuant to Section 911.6, a petition
6 may be made to the court for an order relieving the
petitioner from Section 945.4. The proper court for filing
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the petition is a superior court that would be a proper
8 court for the trial of an action on the cause of action to
which the claim relates.
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Cal. Gov. Code § 946.6(a) (emphasis added). Plaintiffs chose not to file their
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Section 946.6 petition in the Superior Court for the County of Riverside and,
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instead, have pursued Section 946.6 relief in federal court. The question, thus, is
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whether a Section 946.6 petition for relief may be brought in a federal court. The
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majority of California District Courts that have considered this question have
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concluded that it may not, and this Court agrees with them.
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As a threshold matter, Section 946.6(a) states clearly that a petition for relief
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must be brought in a “superior court.” It does not say that, alternatively, a petition
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may be filed in a United States District Court or any other court. The words of the
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statute itself plainly evidence that a Section 946.6 petition for relief is to be filed in
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the county of the California Superior Court where the case properly could be tried.
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The bulk of the California District Courts that have faced Section 946.6
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petition filings have found that they may not be brought in federal court and that
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federal courts lacked jurisdiction to consider them. For example, in Brown v.
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County of San Bernardino, No. EDCV 20-1116-JGB, 2020 WL 6541999, at *2
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(C.D. Cal. Aug. 6, 2020), plaintiff filed a federal complaint and a motion for relief
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pursuant to Section 946.6. The District Court denied it without prejudice to the
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plaintiff seeking such relief in the appropriate California Superior Court, stating:
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“In the absence of Ninth Circuit authority, the Court agrees with previous district
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court decisions that a Section 946.6 petition is not properly within a federal court’s
1 subject matter jurisdiction.” In Nguyen v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc., No.
2 SACV 17-0905-PSG (DFM), 2018 WL 6131949, at *6 (C.D. Cal. July 27, 2018),
3 adopted by 2018 WL 6131600 (Sept. 14, 2018), the plaintiff filed a complaint and
4 then a motion for relief under Section 946.6. The Court dismissed the state law
5 claims given the plaintiff’s failure to file a timely CTCA claim, finding that it could
6 not grant her Section 946.6 motion, because “this Court does not have jurisdiction
7 to” decide a Section 946.6 petition given that the “proper court” referred to in
8 Section 946.6 is a state superior court. In Ovando v. City of Los Angeles, 92 F.
9 Supp. 2d 1011, 1022 (C.D. Cal. 2000), the District Court explained that although it
10 had subject matter jurisdiction to determine if the plaintiff had filed a timely CTCA
11 claim, if the claim was untimely,
12 then recourse must be sought under Section 946.6 as
discussed. The question presented by a Section 946.6
13 petition is whether the claimant should be relieved of her
obligations under the CTCA and, because it is a question
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separate from the merits, it is not properly within a
15 federal court’s subject matter jurisdiction.
Id. at 1022 (citing Luers v. Smith, 941 F. Supp. 105, 107-08 (C.D. Cal.1996), and
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Hernandez v. McClanahan, 996 F. Supp. 975, 978 (N.D. Cal. 1998)).
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Numerous other District Court decisions are in accord. See, e.g., Zelda B. v.
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City of Oakland, No. 21-cv-07078-DMR, 20220 WL 103548, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Jan.
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11, 2022) (denying a Section 946.6 petition, stating: “The statute makes clear that
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this court lacks the authority to grant the relief sought by Plaintiffs because they
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must file their section 946.6 petition in a California Superior Court.”); Honeycutt v.
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Los Angeles, No. 20-cv-04841-CBM, 2020 WL 7786657, at *6 (C.D. Cal. Nov. 22,
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2020) (granting judgment on the pleadings when plaintiffs failed to file a Section
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946.6 petition in state court once their application to file a late CTCA claim was
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denied by the city; and observing that the language of Section 946.6 “clearly
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indicates that” the proper place to obtain Section 946.6 relief is the state superior
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court); A.B. v. County of Kern, No. 1:20-cv-1337-DAD-JLT, 2020 WL 6565900, at
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1 *3-*5 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 9, 2020), adopted by 2020 WL 7632136 (Dec. 22, 2020)
2 (denying Section 946.6 petition for lack of jurisdiction after finding that “this Court
3 does not have authority to grant the relief requested under Section 946.6,” and
4 collecting cases); Casey v. City of Santa Rosa, No. 4:15-cv-07731-KAW, 2019 WL
5 258140, at *4 (N.D. Cal. June 20, 2019) (observing that although a district court
6 may consider the question of whether a plaintiff has complied with the CTCA’s
7 claim filing requirements, a district court lacks jurisdiction to decide if relief is
8 appropriate under Section 946.6); Cherry v. Tyler, No. 1:18-cv-01268-LJO, 2019
9 WL 1060045, at *12 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 6, 2019) (“federal courts do not have
10 jurisdiction over § 946.6 petitions”); Guerrero v. County of Alameda, No. C 18-
11 02379, 2018 WL 3646818, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 1, 2018) (agreeing with the
12 “majority” of California District Court decisions that “[f]ederal district courts do not
13 have the authority to grant the relief requested in plaintiff’s [Section 946.6] motion,
14 instead plaintiff needs to file the petition in a California Superior Court”); Garza v.
15 Alvara, No. 1:15-cv-00234-DAD-SKO, 2016 WL 4921542 (E.D. Cal., July 8, 2016)
16 (concluding that federal courts do not have jurisdiction over Section 946.6
17 petitions), adopted by 2016 WL 4899676, at *2 (Sept. 14, 2016) (“a petition for
18 relief from the claim presentation requirements of the Government Claims Act must
19 be filed in a proper state court”); Shapiro v. Anderson, No. CV 12-6852-JAK (JEM),
20 2014 WL 12967026, at *11-*12 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 21, 2014), adopted by 2014 WL
21 12966932 (Feb. 25, 2014) (denying Section 946.6 petition after finding that only
22 state courts, and not federal courts, have jurisdiction to grant Section 946.6 relief);
23 Ludavico v. Sacramento County, No. Civ.S-08-1473 FLD/JFM, 2009 WL 616868 at
24 *5 n.8 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 11, 2009) (declining the plaintiffs’ request to grant them
25 permission to file a late CTCA claim, because “[t]he power to grant such relief is
26 reserved to the state superior courts pursuant to California Government Code §
27 946.6”).
28 There are some District Court decisions concluding otherwise, i.e., that
1 federal courts may consider petitions seeking Section 946.6 relief. See Rahimi v.
2 National Railroad Passenger Corporation, No. C 09-4712 ME, 2009 WL 1883756
3 (N.D. Cal. June 30, 2009); and Perez v. Escondido, 165 F. Supp. 2d 1111 (S. D. Cal.
4 2001). In Perez, the District Court considered the pre-2002 version of Section
5 946.6, which described the “proper court” for a Section 946.6 petition as any “court”
6 that could hear a trial on the claims at hand, as opposed to the amended wording of
7 “superior court.” The District Court concluded that this prior language did not
8 expressly foreclose a federal court from hearing a Section 946.6 petition, noting that
9 federal courts can try state law claims pursuant to supplemental jurisdiction, and
10 labeled the statute’s language as simply a venue provision. Id. 1114-115. The
11 Rahimi decision relied on the rationale of Perez to find that a Section 946.6 petition
12 could be considered. 2009, WL 1883756, at *3-*4.
13 The Court does not find the Perez rationale persuasive. While Section
14 946.6’s identification of the “proper court” for a petition to be brought as the
15 “superior court” does not continue with a caveat such as “and not a federal court,”
16 the statute’s language on its own, read fairly, means what it says, i.e., that the sole
17 “proper court” in which a Section 946.6 petition can be filed is a California Superior
18 Court. Numerous California District Courts have rejected Perez’s rationale, noting
19 that the case was decided before the 2002 amendment to Section 946.6, which has
20 clarified “proper court” to mean “superior court” rather than simply “a court.” In
21 Hill v. City of Clovis, No. 1:11-cv-1391-AWI, 2012 WL 787609, at *12 (E.D. Cal.
22 Mar. 9, 2012) , the District Court noted that Perez had relied on the prior version of
23 Section 946.6 and that Rahimi had relied on Perez. The District Court found the
24 addition of the words “superior court” in 2002 to be significant and dispositive,
25 reasoning that:
26 [S]ince 2002, the language of § 946.6(a) has become
more specific. The “proper court” for obtaining relief is
27 no longer “a court,” rather it is now “a superior court.”
See Cal. Gov. Code § 946 .6(a). Section 946.6(a) could
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have been left unamended with respect to specifically
1 identifying the proper court, but it was changed. Since §
946.6(a) was amended to identify a specific court, and
that court is the state superior court, this Court will
follow the majority position and conclude that only state
3 superior courts have been given the authority to grant
4 relief pursuant to § 946.6(a).
5 See also, e.g., Guerrero, 2018 WL 3646818, at *3 (same); Nguyen, 2018 WL
‘ 6131949, at *6 (same); Shapiro, 2014 WL 12967026, at *12 (same); Luers, 941 F.
5 Supp. at 108 (finding that the legislative history of Section 946.6 indicates that the
“proper court” language was included to make clear that a petition involving a claim
9 against the State could be filed in any county superior court in California instead of
10 only those in which the Attorney General maintained an office, rather than for the
1 purpose of including federal courts). The Court finds the rationale of these decision
1D persuasive.
3 Based upon the foregoing, the Court finds that it lacks jurisdiction to consider
14 the Petition and to grant the relief it requests. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that:
15 this case is dismissed without prejudice'; and Judgment shall be entered
accordingly. \
Cate □
17 || DATED: June 13, 2024 □
18 PERCY ANIDERSON
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
19 || PRESENTED BY:
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GAIL J. STANDISH
22 || UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
23 jf —
94 || | Plaintiffs may pursue their Section 946.6 request for relief in the appropriate
state superior court. Dismissal of this action, however, is required, given that there
25 || is no federal provision that the Court is aware of that would allow it to remand or
transfer the Petition to any state court. See Zelda B., 2022 WL 103546, at *3
26 (denying plaintiffs request to transfer the Section 946.6 petition to state court, given
7 the failure to identify any federal basis for doing so); Garza, 2016 WL 4899676, at
*2 (denying request to transfer petition to state court when plaintiff “offers no legal
28 || basis for requiring this court to remand that issue to a state court” and Section 946.6
“does not provide a procedure for remand).