The opinion
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
GREGORY HEDGES v. DAVID MILLS, WARDEN
Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lauderdale County
No. 5968 Joe H. Walker, III, Judge
No. W2005-01523-CCA-R3-HC - Filed January 26, 2006
The Petitioner Gregory Hedges appeals the trial court's denial of his petition for habeas corpus relief.
The State has filed a motion requesting that this Court affirm the trial court's denial of relief pursuant
to Rule 20, Rules of the Court of Criminal Appeals. Petitioner has failed to allege any ground that
would render the judgment of conviction void. Accordingly, we grant the State's motion and affirm
the judgment of the lower court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Judgment of the Trial Court Affirmed Pursuant to Rule 20, Rules of the
Court of Criminal Appeals
DAVID G. HAYES, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS and
ALAN E. GLENN , JJ., joined.
Gregory Hedges, pro se.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General & Reporter; Brian C. Johnson, Assistant Attorney General, for
the appellee, the State of Tennessee.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
In 1985, Petitioner Hedges participated in an armed robbery in Greenville, Tennessee. See
Gregory Hedges v. Tennessee Dept. of Correction, No. M2002-00140-CO1-R3-CV, 2002 WL
31890869, *1 (Tenn. App., at Nashville, Dec. 31, 2002). As a result of his involvement, a jury later
convicted the Petitioner of first degree burglary, two counts of aggravated assault, two counts of
aggravated kidnapping, and two counts of armed robbery. Id. For these convictions, the trial court
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imposed an effective sentence of ninety-six years confinement. Id. This Court affirmed the
convictions and sentences on direct appeal. See State v. Gregory Hedges, No. 252, 1987 WL 9535,
at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Knoxville, Apr. 15, 1987), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Sept. 4, 1987).
This Court later vacated the Petitioner’s conviction for grand larceny due to a double jeopardy
violation during an appeal of the denial of post-conviction relief but otherwise affirmed the judgment
of the post-conviction court. Gregory Hedges v. State, No. 03C01-9112-CR-00379, 1993 WL
73723, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Knoxville, Mar. 10, 1993), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Jul.
12, 1993) (post-conviction relief granted in part, denied in part). All other convictions were
affirmed. Numerous other collateral attacks made by the Petitioner have proven unsuccessful. See,
e.g., Timothy Bickers v. State, No. E2002-02887-CCA-R3-PC, 2004 WL 34509, at *1 (Tenn. Crim.
App., at Knoxville, Jan. 7, 2004), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. May 10, 2004) (post-conviction
relief denied); Gregory A. Hedges v. State, No. E2002-02610-CCA-R3-PC, 2003 WL 22426831, at
*1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Knoxville, Oct. 24, 2003) (coram nobis relief denied); State v. Gregory A.
Hedges, No. E1999-01350-CCA-R3-CD, 2000 WL 1478569, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Knoxville,
Oct. 6, 2000), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Apr. 24, 2001) (habeas corpus relief denied); Timothy
Bickers v. State, No. 03C01-9706-CR-00218, 1998 WL 661528, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at
Knoxville, Sept. 25, 1998), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Mar. 8, 1999)(post-conviction relief
denied).
On May 31, 2005, the Petitioner filed an application for writ of habeas corpus relief, alleging
that the judgments of conviction against him were void because (1) all seven counts of the
indictment were legally insufficient in that none allege that the offenses were committed “prior to
the finding of the indictment,” (2) counts one, two, three, four, six and seven are insufficient in that
these counts were not endorsed as a “true bill,” (3) count one, charging the Petitioner with first-
degree burglary, is fatally defective in that it failed to define the felony intended to be committed;
(4) the trial court imposed sentences that exceeded the provisions of the 1982 Sentencing Act, (5)
Blakely v. Washington renders all counts of the indictment defective because every fact essential to
the maximum sentence imposed was not charged in the indictment nor found by the jury, and (6) the
indictments are void because they fail to state the qualifications of the grand jurors. By order entered
June 13, 2005, the lower court denied habeas corpus relief, finding that the indictments against the
Petitioner were sufficient. The lower court further found that the Petitioner’s sentences had not
expired and that the court had jurisdiction to sentence the Petitioner to the sentences he received.
Petitioner timely filed a notice of appeal document. On appeal before this Court, the Petitioner limits
this Court’s review to his challenges regarding the sufficiency of the indictment.1
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The Petitioner has elected not to seek this Court’s review of his claims that (1) the decision in Blakely v. Washington has
rendered his sentences void and (2) the sentences imposed by the trial court were illegal as they exceeded the statutory
maximum sentences permissible for the offenses. Notwithstanding, we note that such claims would not have entitled
Petitioner to habeas corpus relief. First, any claim that his sentences were enhanced in violation of his right to a jury trial
would render the judgment voidable and not void. See, e.g., Wayford Demonbruen, Jr. v. State, No. M2004-03037-CCA-
R3-HC, 2005 W L 1541873 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville, June 30, 2005); Stanley Harvell v. Glen Turner, No.
W 2004-02643-CCA-R3-HC, 2005 W L 839891 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Jackson, Apr. 12, 2005); Earl David Crawford
(continued...)
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The right to seek habeas corpus relief is guaranteed by article I, section 15 of the Tennessee
Constitution. Roger L. Hickman v. State,153 S.W.3d 16, 19 (Tenn. 2004). However, the grounds
upon which habeas corpus relief will be granted are narrow. Id. at 20 (citations omitted). Relief will
only be granted if the petition establishes that the challenged judgment is void. Id. A judgment is
void “only when ‘[i]t appears upon the face of the judgment or the record of the proceedings upon
which the judgment is rendered’ that a convicting court was without jurisdiction or authority to
sentence a defendant, or that a defendant’s sentence of imprisonment or other restraint has expired.”
Id. (quoting State v. Ritchie, 20 S.W.3d 624, 630 (Tenn. 2000) (citations omitted)). Unlike the post-
conviction petition, the purpose of the habeas corpus petition is to contest a void, not merely
voidable, judgment. State ex rel. Newsome v. Henderson, 221 Tenn. 24, 424 S.W.2d 186, 189
(1968).
The petitioner has the burden of establishing either a void judgment or an illegal confinement
by a preponderance of the evidence. Passarella v. State, 891 S.W.2d 619, 627 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1994). If the petitioner carries this burden, he is entitled to immediate release. Id. However, if the
habeas corpus petition fails to demonstrate that the judgment is void or that the confinement is
illegal, neither appointment of counsel nor an evidentiary hearing are required and the trial court may
properly dismiss the petition. Hickman, 153 S.W.3d at 20 (citing T.C.A. § 29-21-109 (2000); Dixon
v. Holland, 70 S.W.3d 33, 36 (Tenn. 2002)); Passarella, 891 S.W.2d at 619.
The State asserts that the petition for habeas corpus relief should be dismissed as the
Petitioner failed to attach the judgment forms to the petition, a requirement under section 29-21-
107(b)(2), and because the Petitioner failed to produce a copy of his prior petition for habeas corpus
relief and the “proceedings thereon,” a requirement under section 29-21-107(b)(4). See State ex rel.
Wood v. Johnson, 216 Tenn. 531, 393 S.W.2d 135, 136 (Tenn. 1965). The trial court denied relief
on the merits before receiving the State’s response. Accordingly, while the State’s position is
correct, it was within the discretion of the lower court to determine the petition on the merits. See
Hickman, 153 S.W.3d at 21. Likewise, this Court should not base its review on grounds not applied
by the lower court. Id. at 22.
The Petitioner first asserts that the indictment is insufficient because (1) the counts fail to
state that the crimes were committed prior to the finding of the indictments, (2) five of the six counts
of the indictment were not endorsed as “a true bill,” (3) count one charging first degree burglary fails
to define the felony intended to be committed and (4) the indictment failed to recite the qualifications
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(...continued)
v. Ricky Bell, No. M2004-02440-CCA-R3-HC, 2005 W L 354106 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville, Feb. 15, 2005).
Moreover, although the judgments of conviction are absent in the record before this Court, this Court’s prior opinion on
direct appeal reflects that Hedges was convicted and sentenced as a Range I standard offender as follows: (1) first degree
burglary-ten (10) years, (2) aggravated assault-six (6) years, (3) and (4) aggravated kidnapping-forty (40) years each,
(5) and (6) armed robbery-thirty-five (35) years each, (7) grand larceny-six (6) years. All of these sentences were within
the sentencing range for the individual offenses prescribed by the applicable law.
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of the grand jurors. Claims regarding defects in the indictment must be raised before trial, unless
the claim relates to the trial court’s lack of jurisdiction or the failure to charge an offense. See State
v. Nixon, 977 S.W.2d 119 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997). Accordingly, the Petitioner’s allegations that
the indictment failed to state that the crimes were committed prior to the finding of the indictment,
that five of the six counts of the indictment were not endorsed as “a true bill,” and that the indictment
failed to allege the qualifications of the grand jurors, even if true, do not deprive the trial court of
jurisdiction. The failure of the Petitioner to raise these issues before trial constitutes a waiver of the
issues. See Tenn. R. Crim. P. 12(b)(2); Wyatt v. State, 24 S.W.3d 319, 323 (Tenn. 2000); see also
State v. Brown, 53 S.W.3d 264, 279 (Tenn. 2000); William Perry Thompson v. Howard Carlton,
Warden, No. 03C01-9611-CR-00395, 1998 WL 19932, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Knoxville, Jan.
22, 1998), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. Jul. 6, 1998). Accordingly, these claims are not proper
grounds for habeas corpus relief.
Petitioner claims that the indictment fails to sufficiently charge the offense of first degree
burglary in that the indictment fails to “define” the offense of larceny. The challenged indictment
reads:
The Grand Jurors . . . upon their oath present and say that Gregory A. Hedges, alias
Thomas D. Carter, alias Timothy T. Bickers, alias and Janie Riddle, alias on or about
the 31 day of January 1985 , . . . did unlawfully and feloniously break and enter the
residence of Lewis and Mildred Buckles, a dwelling house in the night time, or aid
and abet the same, with the felonious intent to commit a felony therein, to-wit:
larceny of a quantity of U.S. Currency, two handguns, a holster, a ladies seven (7)
diamond cluster ring, a mans 32 degree Mason ring and keys, and other felonies
unknown to the Grand Jury.
The Petitioner asserts that the indictment is defective because it fails to “define” the felony of
larceny. The Petitioner relies upon Hooks v. State, which held that an indictment for burglary must
set forth and define the felony intended to be committed. Hooks, 154 Tenn. 43, 289 S.W. 529
(1926). We conclude that the indictment does “define” the felony intended to be committed as
required by Hooks. In State v. Haynes, the defendant challenged the sufficiency of the indictment
for first degree burglary. 720 S.W.2d 76, 82 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1986). As in the present case, the
defendant alleged that the indictment was defective “because it failed to define the felony of
larceny.” Id. The indictment charged that the defendant “did break and enter in the night time the
dwelling house of [the victim], with the unlawful intent to commit a felony, to wit: Larceny . . . .”
Id. No further definition of the “felony, to with: Larceny” was provided in the indictment. This
Court held that the indictment “set forth and define[d] the felony intended to be committed,” i.e.,
larceny. Id. at 83. Accordingly, we conclude that the indictment for first degree burglary in the
present case was sufficient to vest jurisdiction in the trial court.
The Petitioner has failed to establish that he is entitled to habeas corpus. Accordingly, it is
ordered that the State’s motion is granted. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed in accordance
with Rule 20, Rules of the Court of Criminal Appeals.
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___________________________________
DAVID G. HAYES, JUDGE
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