The opinion
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs September 12, 2006
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. MARCELL CARTER
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County
No. 04-877 Donald H. Allen, Judge
No. W2006-00215-CCA-R3-CD - Filed October 13, 2006
The appellant, Marcell Carter, pled guilty to a violation of the bad check law, Tennessee Code
Annotated section 39-14-121. The trial court sentenced the appellant to four years to be served on
Community Corrections. Subsequently, a warrant was filed against the appellant alleging a failure
to abide by several conditions of his Community Corrections sentence. After a series of hearings,
the trial court removed the appellant from Community Corrections and re-sentenced him to four
years in the Tennessee Department of Correction. On appeal, the appellant argues that the trial court
abused its discretion. Because we determine that the trial court properly revoked the appellant’s
Community Corrections sentence and resentenced the appellant, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court is Affirmed.
JERRY L. SMITH , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID H. WELLES and THOMAS T.
WOODALL, JJ., joined.
Gregory D. Gookin, Assistant Public Defender, Jackson, Tennessee, for the appellant, Marcell
Carter.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Brent C. Cherry, Assistant Attorney General;Jerry
Woodall, District Attorney General; and Shaun A. Brown, Assistant District Attorney General, for
the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
On December 6, 2004, the Madison County Grand Jury indicted the appellant with a violation
of the bad check law, Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-14-121, for a check the appellant wrote
in excess of $1,000. On March 28, 2005, the appellant pled guilty to the charge. The trial court
sentenced the appellant to a four-year Community Corrections sentence.
On December 28, 2005, the Madison County Department of Community Corrections filed
a warrant alleging that the appellant failed to abide by the conditions of his Community Corrections
sentence. The warrant specifically alleged that the appellant:
(1) failed to report to Community Corrections as ordered by the Court. [The
appellant] has only reported one time since being placed on Community Corrections;
(2) Failed to complete an Alcohol and Drug Assessment as ordered by the Court;
(3) Failed to pay Court costs and Restitution as ordered by the Court.
The trial court held a revocation hearing on the warrant on January 9, 2006. At that hearing,
the appellant asserted that he was already being supervised out of the Madison County General
Sessions court for various misdemeanor offenses and that his probation officer was Micah Star. The
appellant stated he was paying off restitution and court costs through the General Sessions court at
a rate of $150 per month, but he asked the General Sessions clerk to increase his payments to $300
per month. The appellant stated that he was under the assumption that the additional $150 would
be paid to Circuit Court on the bad check felony charge. The appellant also understood that his four-
year sentence would be added onto his current supervision period with Ms. Star.
Clint Murley of the Madison County Community Corrections Office testified that he did not
know about the appellant’s felony conviction until the victim contacted the District Attorney’s office
concerning restitution payments. At that time, Mr. Murley examined the judgments in the
appellant’s record and realized that the appellant should have been under supervision from March
of 2005 to the time of the hearing in January of 2006. The trial court then continued the hearing in
order to hear further testimony from Ms. Star.
On January 10, 2006, the trial court held another revocation hearing. During that hearing,
Ms. Star testified that the appellant did not inform her of his felony conviction in Circuit Court. Ms.
Star stated that the appellant reported sporadically for his scheduled office visits on his misdemeanor
charges. Ms. Star also understood that Mr. Murley attempted to set an initial appointment with the
appellant in November of 2005, but that the appellant missed the meeting.
The appellant again insisted that he thought “paperwork” would be done that would transfer
his felony Community Corrections supervision to Ms. Star. At the conclusion of the proof, the trial
court continued the matter so that Ms. Star could take out a warrant against the appellant in General
Sessions Court for receiving a new felony conviction while he was under misdemeanor supervision.
On January 23, 2006, the trial court revoked the appellant from Community Corrections. The
trial court made the following findings of fact and conclusions of law:
Okay. In this case, [the appellant] has failed to follow the rules of
Community Corrections’ sentence in that he has failed to report to his Community
Corrections’ officer as directed. This Court specifically ordered him to report either
the day of March the 28th or the following day to the probation office, Community
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Corrections’ office, so that he could get signed up and be supervised on this four year
sentence. He failed to do that. He also failed to complete an alcohol and drug
assessment as ordered by this Court. That’s what he agreed to do within 30 days of
his being convicted, and he as of now still has not completed the alcohol and drug
assessment as ordered. He has also failed to pay on the court costs and restitution as
ordered which he agreed to pay $100 each month to the Circuit Court clerk’s office
so that the restitution and court costs could be paid. He has not paid anything in this
case.
Now, it is pretty obvious to this Court that the reason [the appellant] did not
get signed up for Community Corrections back in March of ‘05 is because he was
already on probation out of General Sessions court and if he had reported correctly,
obviously the General Sessions Court would have been made aware that he had
received a new felony conviction while on probation. I understand why [the
appellant] didn’t want another officer to know that he had been convicted of a felony
while on probation. So, obviously he has failed to follow the rules of the Community
Corrections Program. The Court is going to remove him from the Community
Corrections Program.
Also what the Court is going to do, I am resentencing him today. The reason
I’m resentencing him is because he basically never reported. He never reported to
Community Corrections on this case. This warrant was not issued until December
the 15th of 2005 and the reason it was not issued until then is because he simply
never reported as he was directed by this Court to do. So basically he absconded or
failed to report from March 28th of ‘05 until December the 15th of ‘05, so the court
is not going to give him credit off this four year sentence. I am hereby resentencing
him on this violation of bad check law. He is being resentenced. He is ordered to
serve four years in the Tennessee Department of Corrections. He’ll get credit for
whatever jail time he’s served in this case. I want him to get the credit for jail, but
I’m not giving him any kind of street time credit because he didn’t earn it. He wasn’t
doing anything that this Court ordered him to do back on March 28th, 2005, so he
will be sent to the Tennessee Department of Corrections. He is obviously not a good
candidate for Community Corrections placement because he won’t even report as I
ordered him to do.
The appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. On appeal, he argues that the trial court abused
its discretion in revoking his Community Corrections sentence.
Analysis
The appellant argues that the trial court erred in revoking his Community Corrections
sentence and in resentencing him. Specifically, the appellant argues that there was no testimony to
“contradict” the appellant’s assertions that his misdemeanor probation officer would receive notice
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of his new conviction and continue to supervise him for both existing misdemeanor convictions as
well as the felony check charge. The State argues that the trial court had a substantial basis for the
revocation.
The Community Corrections Act of 1985 was designed to provide an alternative means of
punishment for “selected, nonviolent felony offenders in front-end community-based alternatives
to incarceration.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-36-103. The community corrections sentence provides a
desired degree of flexibility that may be both beneficial to the defendant and serve legitimate societal
aims. State v. Griffith, 787 S.W.2d 340, 342 (Tenn. 1990). Even in cases where the defendant meets
the minimum requirements, however, the defendant is not necessarily entitled to a community
corrections sentence as a matter of law or right. State v. Taylor, 744 S.W.2d 919 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1987).
Once a defendant violates the terms of his community corrections program, the trial court
may revoke the sentence and impose a new one:
The court shall also possess the power to revoke the sentence imposed at any time
due to the conduct of the defendant or the termination or modification of the program
to which the defendant has been sentenced, and the court may resentence the
defendant to any appropriate sentencing alternative, including incarceration, for any
period of time up to the maximum sentence provided for the offense committed, less
any time actually served in the community-based alternative to incarceration.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-36-106(e)(4). In other words, the trial court may conduct a sentencing
hearing, and may impose a greater sentence than the original sentence. Griffith, 787 S.W.2d at 342;
State v. Cooper, 977 S.W.2d 130, 132 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998).
In State v. Harkins, 811 S.W.2d 79 (Tenn. 1991), our supreme court ruled that a community
corrections sentence is so similar to a probationary sentence as to require the application of the same
standard of review. Our general law provides that a trial court may revoke a sentence of probation
upon finding by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant has violated the conditions of
his release. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-311(e); Stamps v. State, 614 S.W.2d 71, 73 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1980). On appeal, a revocation will be upheld absent an abuse of discretion. In order to establish
that the trial court has abused its discretion, the defendant must show that there is no substantial
evidence to support the determination that he violated the terms of his sentence. Harkins, 811
S.W.2d at 82 (citing State v. Grear, 568 S.W.2d 285, 286 (Tenn. 1978)); State v. Delp, 614 S.W.2d
395, 398 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1980). Relief can be granted only when “‘the trial court’s logic and
reasoning were improper when viewed in the light of the factual circumstances and the legal
principles involved.’” State v. Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d 553, 555 (Tenn. 2001) (quoting State v. Moore,
6 S.W.3d 235, 242 (Tenn. 1999)). It is incumbent upon the trial judge to exercise a conscientious
and intelligent judgment. See State v. Gregory, 946 S.W.2d 829, 832 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997).
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The record does not preponderate against the judgment of the trial court. The evidence
presented at the hearing established that, in addition to the present offenses, the twenty-nine-year-old
appellant had eleven misdemeanor convictions for violations of the bad check law in addition to
convictions for driving without a license, felony evading arrest, disorderly conduct, failure to appear,
speeding, violation of the seat belt law, and violation of the financial responsibility law. At the
beginning of the revocation hearing, the appellant admitted that he failed to meet with the proper
Community Corrections officer. The appellant then made numerous excuses for his failure to
properly report to the Community Corrections office and pay his fines and court costs as ordered by
the trial court, but the trial court chose to determine that the appellant’s excuses were not valid or
justified. In a probation revocation hearing, the credibility of the witnesses is properly determined
by the trial judge, who is in the best position to observe witness demeanor. Bledsoe v. State, 387
S.W.2d 811, 814 (Tenn. 1965). The trial court herein obviously discredited the appellant’s excuses.
After a review of the record, we determine that the trial court in the case herein had a substantial
basis for the revocation and did not abuse its discretion in revoking the appellant’s Community
Corrections sentence and resentencing him to serve his entire four-year sentence in the Tennessee
Department of Correction. This issue is without merit.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
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JERRY L. SMITH, JUDGE
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