The opinion
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs April 18, 2007
BARRY SOTHERLAND v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Wayne County
No. 14018 Robert Jones, Judge
No. M2006-01891-CCA-R3-PC - Filed April 27, 2007
The Petitioner, Barry Sotherland, appeals the summary dismissal of his petition for a writ of habeas
corpus. The Petitioner claims that his concurrent life sentences for aggravated rape and aggravated
kidnapping are illegal because he was convicted of these charges while on parole for another felony
and the sentencing court failed to explicitly order that this new sentence be served consecutively to
the sentence for the paroled offense. Following a thorough review of the record and applicable law,
we affirm the judgment of the Wayne County Circuit Court summarily dismissing the petition.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
DAVID H. WELLES, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS and
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER , JJ., joined.
Barry Sotherland, Pro Se.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Preston Shipp, Assistant Attorney General;
Mike Bottoms, District Attorney General; and Mark A. Fulks, Assistant District Attorney General,
for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
Factual Background
The Petitioner was convicted by a jury of aggravated rape and aggravated kidnapping.1 See
State v. Barry Sotherland, No. 87-293-III, 1988 WL 60383, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, June
14, 1988), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. 1988). He received concurrent life sentences to be served
at 35% as a Range II, especially aggravated offender. See id. The Petitioner’s convictions and
sentences were affirmed on direct appeal. See id.
The Petitioner, who was incarcerated in Wayne County, filed his first habeas corpus petition
in 2005 in Marshall County, the county in which he was convicted. See Barry Sotherland v. State,
No. M2005-00565-CCA-R3-HC, 2006 WL 407775, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, Feb. 17,
2006). The lower court in that case summarily dismissed the petition because it was not filed in the
proper county—the county where the Defendant was incarcerated—and because the petition did not
state a cognizable claim for relief. See id. This Court affirmed on appeal. See id.
The Petitioner’s second application for the writ of habeas corpus was filed on June 15, 2006;
this time he filed in Wayne County—the correct location. The Petitioner argued that he was entitled
to relief because the aggravated rape and aggravated kidnapping were committed while he was out
on parole for grand larceny, that the sentencing court was aware he was on parole at the time of
sentencing, and that the sentencing court failed to order that the concurrent life sentences be served
consecutively to the grand larceny sentence in contravention of Tennessee law. The Petitioner also
requested in his petition that the habeas corpus court make “finding of facts, law or conclusions . .
. .”
The Petitioner attached to his petition copies of the indictment for aggravated rape and
aggravated kidnapping, the judgments of conviction for aggravated rape and aggravated kidnapping,
portions of the sentencing transcript, and the direct examination of his parole officer. The copies of
the judgments of convictions provided by the Petitioner reflect that he was found guilty by jury of
aggravated rape and aggravated kidnapping on February 24, 1987, and received a sentence of life for
both convictions to be served concurrently. The sentencing court did not indicate on the judgments
1
The facts underlying the convictions were set forth by this Court in the Petitioner’s direct appeal as follows:
On June 2, 1986, at about 6:00 P.M., the fourteen year old victim was out walking her dog.
As she walked by 524 Silver Street, a man, whom she positively identified as the [Petitioner], called
her dog, who went to the [Petitioner]. She went to get the dog and when she did so, the [Petitioner]
grabbed her by the wrist and pulled her into the kitchen of the house. There he pushed her against the
refrigerator, raised her shirt and bra and kissed her breasts. Although she was fighting him, he
unbuttoned her pants, pulled them down, bent her over the counter and entered her vagina from the
rear. As he did so, he held her breasts tightly with his hands. After he climaxed, he pushed her
through the door and told her to go home.
State v. Barry Sotherland, No. 87-293-III, 1988 WL 60383, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, June 14, 1988), perm.
to appeal denied, (Tenn. 1988).
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whether these concurrent life sentences were to be served concurrently or consecutively to the prior
sentence for grand larceny. The judgments of conviction and transcripts show that the sentencing
court was aware at the time of sentencing that the Petitioner was on parole for grand larceny when
he committed the aggravated rape and aggravated kidnapping.
The State’s motion for summary dismissal was filed on July 13, 2006. The State sought
dismissal of the petition on the basis that the Petitioner had not stated a cognizable claim for relief
and, additionally, noted in its memorandum in support of the motion that this Court, in the
Petitioner’s appeal of his first application for the writ, had “already addressed the heart of the
Petitioner’s challenge to his sentences.” The habeas corpus court granted the State’s motion to
dismiss and entered an order of dismissal on July 28, 2006, but did not include any specific findings.
The Petitioner’s response to the motion to dismiss, which reflected that it was mailed on July 27,
2006, but not filed until August 7, 2006, was not considered by the lower court in its decision to
dismiss summarily because it was received after the order was filed.
It is from this determination that the Petitioner now appeals, challenging the summary
dismissal of his petition. The Petitioner also argues that the habeas corpus court denied him the
opportunity to respond to the State’s motion to dismiss the petition and failed to make “finding of
facts, law or conclusions” as requested.
ANALYSIS
Initially, we note that the determination of whether to grant habeas corpus relief is a question
of law. McLaney v. Bell, 59 S.W.3d 90, 92 (Tenn. 2001), overruled on other grounds by State v.
Summers, 212 S.W.3d 251, 262 (Tenn. 2007). The Tennessee Constitution guarantees a convicted
criminal defendant the right to seek habeas corpus relief. See Tenn. Const. art. I, § 15. However,
the grounds upon which habeas corpus relief will be granted are very narrow. Taylor v. State, 995
S.W.2d 78, 83 (Tenn. 1999). Habeas corpus relief is available only when it appears upon the face
of the judgment or the record of the proceedings upon which the judgment is rendered that the
convicting court was without jurisdiction or authority to sentence a defendant or that a defendant’s
sentence has expired. Archer v. State, 851 S.W.2d 157, 164 (Tenn. 1993).
A sentence imposed in direct contravention of a statute is illegal and thus void. Stephenson
v. Carlton, 28 S.W.3d 910, 911 (Tenn. 2000). On the other hand, a voidable judgment or sentence
is one which is facially valid and which requires evidence beyond the face of the judgment or the
record of the proceedings to establish its invalidity. Taylor, 995 S.W.2d at 83. A petitioner bears
the burden of establishing a void judgment or illegal confinement by a preponderance of the
evidence. Wyatt v. State, 24 S.W.3d 319, 322 (Tenn. 2000). Furthermore, it is permissible for a
court to summarily dismiss a habeas corpus petition, without the appointment of counsel and without
an evidentiary hearing, if there is nothing on the face of the record or judgment to indicate that the
convictions or sentences addressed therein are void. Passarella v. State, 891 S.W.2d 619, 627 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1994).
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Additionally, the procedural requirements for habeas corpus relief are mandatory and must
be scrupulously followed. Hickman v. State, 153 S.W.3d 15, 19-20 (Tenn. 2004); Archer, 851
S.W.2d at 165. The formal requirements for an application or petition for writ of habeas corpus are
found at Tennessee Code Annotated section 29-21-107:
(a) Application for the writ shall be made by petition, signed either by the
party for whose benefit it is intended, or some person on the petitioner’s behalf, and
verified by affidavit.
(b) The petition shall state:
(1) That the person in whose behalf the writ is sought, is illegally restrained
of liberty, and the person by whom and place where restrained, mentioning the name
of such person, if known, and, if unknown, describing the person with as much
particularity as practicable;
(2) The cause or pretense of such restraint according to the best information
of the applicant, and if it be by virtue of any legal process, a copy thereof shall be
annexed, or a satisfactory reason given for its absence;
(3) That the legality of the restraint has not already been adjudged upon a
prior proceeding of the same character, to the best of the applicant’s knowledge and
belief; and
(4) That it is first application for the writ, or, if a previous application has
been made, a copy of the petition and proceedings thereon shall be produced, or
satisfactory reasons be given for the failure so to do.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 29-21-107.
The Petitioner acknowledged that this is not his first application for habeas corpus relief.
However, the Petitioner failed to attach to his current petition a copy of his prior petition and the
“proceedings thereon” as required by Tennessee Code Annotated section 29-21-107(b)(4). It is
evident from the record in this case that the Petitioner did not comply with the statutory
requirements. Nonetheless, in the interest of judicial economy, we will consider the merits of the
petition.
The crux of the Petitioner’s argument is that his concurrent life sentences for aggravated
kidnapping and aggravated rape are illegal because he was on parole for grand larceny at the time
he committed the kidnapping and rape and because the judgments of conviction do not explicitly
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provide that the subsequent sentences are to be served consecutively to the sentence for grand
larceny.2 Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-28-123 mandates, in pertinent part, as follows:
If any prisoner be convicted in this state of a felony, committed while on
parole from a state prison or workhouse, he shall serve the remainder of his sentence,
under which he was paroled, or such part of that sentence, as the board may
determine before he commences serving the sentence affixed while on parole.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-28-123(a) (1986). Furthermore, Rule 32(c)(3) of the Rules of Criminal
Procedure provides for consecutive sentencing under the following circumstances:
Where a defendant is convicted of multiple offenses from one trial or where
the defendant has additional sentences not yet fully served as the result of the
convictions in the same or other court and the law requires consecutive sentences, the
sentence shall be consecutive whether the judgment explicitly so orders or not. This
rule shall apply:
(A) To a sentence for a felony committed while on parole for a felony;
(B) To a sentence for escape or for a felony committed while on escape;
(C) To a sentence for a felony where the defendant was released
on bail and the defendant is convicted of both offenses; and
(D) Any other ground provided by law.
Tenn. R. Crim. P. 32(c)(3).3 Both Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-28-123(a) and Rule
32(c)(3)(A) require that sentences for felonies committed while on parole be served consecutively
to the sentence remaining for the paroled offense. Hogan v. Mills, 168 S.W.3d 753, 756 (Tenn.
2005), reh’g denied, (July 25, 2005).
The Tennessee Supreme Court has recently ruled that judgments for new convictions that do
not explicitly provide that the sentences are to be served consecutively to a sentence for a prior
conviction are not illegal. Id. at 756-57. In Hogan, the petitioner contended, among other things,
2
Both the State in this appeal and this Court in this Petitioner’s first habeas corpus appeal framed the
Petitioner’s argument as contending that his life sentences were illegal because Tennessee law required that the life
sentences be served consecutively to one another. To the extent that the Petitioner’s argument may be construed as
challenging the manner of service of his life sentences, the Petitioner is not entitled to habeas corpus relief on this ground.
Rule 32(c)(3)(A) does not require the Petitioner’s life sentences to be served consecutively to one another. See Hogan
v. Mills, 168 S.W .3d 753, 756 (Tenn. 2005), reh’g denied, (July 25, 2005) (holding that there is no requirement under
Rule 32(c)(3)(A) that new convictions be served consecutively to one another). Accordingly, concurrent life sentences
for aggravated rape and aggravated kidnapping are not illegal.
3
The Tennessee Rules of Criminal Procedure have been recently amended, said changes becoming effective
July 1, 2006. See Compiler’s Notes, Tenn. R. Crim. P. (2006). However, the Defendant’s crimes in this case, as well
as his sentencing, predate the effective date of this amendment to Rule 32. Therefore, we will cite to the provision as
in effect at the time of the offenses.
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that his 1985 sentences were illegal and void because they ran concurrently with his 1981 sentence.
Id. at 754. Hogan alleged that he was on parole at the time he committed the 1985 offenses and,
thus, consecutive sentencing was mandated under Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure
32(c)(3)(A). Id. at 755. Our supreme court concluded that, because the judgment forms relating to
Hogan’s 1985 convictions were silent as to whether the sentences were to be served concurrently or
consecutively to his prior 1981 sentence, the petitioner had “failed to establish the trial court
imposed sentences concurrent with Hogan’s prior felony sentence in contravention of Rule
32(c)(3)(A).” Id. at 757. Our supreme court reasoned that “Rule 32(c)(3) mandates that new
sentences run consecutively to the prior sentence ‘whether the judgment explicitly so orders or not.’
Thus, the new sentences run consecutively to the prior sentence even if the judgment is silent in this
regard.” Id. at 756. In this case, the judgments are silent as to the whether the life sentences are to
be served concurrently or consecutively with the grand larceny sentence, and Tennessee Rule of
Criminal Procedure 32(c)(3)(A) requires that the Petitioner’s sentences be served consecutively to
this grand larceny sentence. Accordingly, there is no illegality evident from the face of the
judgments.
Additionally, the Petitioner, citing the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure, contends that the
habeas corpus court erred in failing to allow him time to respond to the State’s motion to dismiss his
petition and in failing to make “finding of facts, law and conclusions . . . .” As stated previously,
when a petition for a writ of habeas corpus fails to state a cognizable claim, the lower court may
summarily dismiss the petition. Passarella, 891 S.W.2d at 627. The circuit court properly dismissed
the petition as failing to state a cognizable claim for habeas corpus relief.
CONCLUSION
The Petitioner has failed to present any evidence that his sentences have expired or that his
convictions are void. Accordingly, the judgment of the circuit court summarily dismissing the
petition for a writ of habeas corpus is affirmed.
______________________________
DAVID H. WELLES, JUDGE
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