The opinion
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Submitted On Briefs December 8, 2010
JOHNNY HATCHER, JR.
v.
CHAIRMAN, SHELBY COUNTY ELECTION COMMISSION, MYRA
STYLES, MEMBER, SHELBY COUNTY ELECTION COMMISSION, BILL
GIANNINI, MEMBER, SHELBY COUNTY ELECTION COMMISSION,
ROBERT D. MEYERS, MEMBER, SHELBY COUNTY ELECTION
COMMISSION, BRIAN STEPHENS, MEMBER, SHELBY COUNTY
ELECTION COMMISSION, SHEP WILBUN, JR., MEMBER, SHELBY
COUNTY ELECTION COMMISSION, THE CITY OF MEMPHIS, A
CORPORATION; AND A.C. WHARTON, JR.
Appeal from the Chancery Court for Shelby County
CH-09-2152-3 Kenny W. Armstrong, Chancellor
No. W2010-01163-COA-R3-CV - Filed April 28, 2011
This appeal involves an election contest. The appellant was an unsuccessful candidate for
mayor in a municipal election. After the election, the appellant filed this lawsuit seeking
declaratory and injunctive relief and contesting the election. The trial court granted summary
judgment to the defendants. We affirm.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed.
H OLLY M. K IRBY, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which A LAN E. H IGHERS, P.J.,
W.S., and J. S TEVEN S TAFFORD, J., joined.
Johnny Hatcher, Jr., Memphis, Tennessee, pro se.
Allan J. Wade and Brandy S. Parrish, Allan J. Wade, PLLC, Memphis, Tennessee, for
Defendants/Appellees, Shelby County Election Commission and The City of Memphis.
Donald A. Donati, William B. Ryan and Bryce W. Ashby, Donati Law Firm, LLP, Memphis,
Tennessee, for Defendant/Appellee A. C. Wharton, Jr., in his individual capacity.
MEMORANDUM OPINION 1
F ACTS AND P ROCEEDINGS B ELOW
Upon the resignation of the then-Mayor of the City of Memphis, Tennessee, Dr. W. W.
“Willie” Herenton, a special election to fill the vacancy was scheduled for October 15, 2009.
Among the candidates for the position was Plaintiff/Appellant Johnny Hatcher, Jr.
(“Hatcher”). Twenty-five candidates were placed on the ballot. The winner of the special
election, The Honorable A.C. Wharton, Jr. (“Mayor Wharton”) received 65,491 votes.
Hatcher received thirty-three votes.
Shortly after the election, on October 22, 2009, Hatcher filed the instant lawsuit against the
Shelby County Election Commission (“Election Commission”), Mayor Wharton, and the City
of Memphis (“City”). He amended his petition a few days later.
The amended petition sought declaratory and injunctive relief, to have the election voided,
$355,000 in compensatory damages and $52 million in punitive damages. Although the
petition was not filed as a class action, it asked the trial court to divide the punitive damages
award amongst the registered voters of the City.
In his amended petition, Hatcher asserted that Mayor Wharton and several other mayoral
candidates were not qualified because of an alleged interest in City contracts. He claimed that
Mayor Wharton and other mayoral candidates were ineligible because they held public office
when they filed their nominating petitions and pending the election, citing a Memphis City
Charter provision. Hatcher requested injunctive relief prohibiting the Election Commission
from certifying the results of the mayoral election or certifying the eligibility of the candidates
whom Hatcher believed were ineligible. He contested the election and sought to enjoin
Mayor Wharton from taking office, citing Tennessee Code Annotated §§ 2-7-112 and 113.
1
Rule 10. Memorandum Opinion
This Court, with the concurrence of all judges participating in the case, may affirm, reverse,
or modify the actions of the trial court by memorandum opinion when a formal opinion
would have no precedential value. When a case is decided by memorandum opinion it shall
be designated as “MEMORANDUM OPINION,” shall not be published, and shall not be
cited or relied on for any reason in any unrelated case.
TENN . R. APP . P. 10
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Meanwhile, the Election Commission certified the results of the City of Memphis mayoral
election. Mayor Wharton resigned from his position as Mayor of Shelby County shortly
before being sworn in as Mayor of Memphis on October 26, 2009.
Subsequently, Hatcher filed a motion for summary judgment. Hatcher claimed that Mayor
Wharton occupied an elected position at the time he filed his nominating petition to run for
mayor, and as such, Hatcher asserted, “A.C. Wharton, Jr. was an unqualified, ineligible,
illegal and invalid candidate for the Memphis Mayoral Special Election to seek or hold or be
elected to the office of Memphis City Mayor, and he should not have been included on the
ballot. . . .”2 In support, Hatcher cited Section 17 of the Memphis City Charter, which he said
rendered ineligible as a candidate any person who “at the time of his election and
qualification, holds any other office. . . .”
In response, the Election Commission and the City filed an answer denying that Mayor
Wharton did not meet the qualifications required to run for the mayoral position, and
asserting that the Memphis City Charter provisions and some of the statutes Hatcher relied
upon were superseded or repealed by Memphis Home Rule Ordinance No. 1852, enacted in
1966. The answer also averred that Hatcher miscited statutes concerning election contests
and denied that Hatcher was entitled to any type of relief. As affirmative defenses, the answer
asserted that Hatcher’s complaint failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, and
that the request for injunctive relief had been rendered moot because the election results had
been certified and Mayor Wharton had been sworn in as the Mayor of the City of Memphis.
Later, the Election Commission and the City filed a cross-motion for summary judgment
and/or for trial on the merits on the grounds that Mayor Wharton was legally qualified and
eligible to run for Mayor of the City of Memphis during the October 2009 special election.
The motion argued that Hatcher’s requests for injunctive and declaratory judgment were moot
as a matter of law.3
2
Hatcher subsequently filed an amended motion for summary judgment. In the amended motion, Hatcher
additionally asserted that A.C. Wharton, Jr. held the position of Shelby County Mayor at the time of his
election to the position of Memphis City Mayor, and that A.C. Wharton, Jr. was ineligible to run as a
candidate in the Memphis Mayoral Special Municipal Election of October 15, 2009. Similar allegations were
made about another mayoral candidate, Wanda Halbert, a member of the Memphis City Council.
3
The Election Commission and the City also filed a response in opposition to Hatcher’s motion for summary
judgment and memorandum of law, alleging that Hatcher erred in his interpretation of the City of Memphis
Charter by claiming that candidates for the position of Mayor of The City of Memphis may not hold any
other city, state or county public office, or maintain a direct or indirect interest in contracts with the City of
Memphis while a candidate for the position
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Mayor Wharton filed a verified answer, a response to Hatcher’s summary judgment motion,
and his own summary judgment motion, adopting the factual statements and legal arguments
made by the Election Commission and the City.4 In his verified answer, Mayor Wharton
stated that he was elected as mayor of the City of Memphis with 65,491 votes, or
approximately 59.9% of the total votes cast, that at approximately 10:30 a.m. on October 26,
2009 he resigned as Mayor of Shelby County, and at noon on the same day, he was
inaugurated as Mayor of the City of Memphis.5 Mayor Wharton denied that Hatcher was
entitled to any of the relief Hatcher requested.
The trial court held a hearing on the cross-motions for summary judgment on December 11,
2099. On December 15, 2009 the trial court issued a final order denying Hatcher’s motion
for summary judgment and granting summary judgment to the Election Commission and the
City. The trial court cited the undisputed verified statements in Mayor Wharton’s answer that
he received the highest number of votes in the mayoral election, and that he resigned as Mayor
of Shelby County before taking the oath of office as Mayor of the City of Memphis. Finding
no disputed issues of material fact, the trial court held that “the determinative legal issue is
controlled by dicta in Court of Appeals decision in Hatcher v. Election Commission, 2009
WL 1507684 at *4, which under controlling Supreme Court precedent this Court is obliged
to follow.” Based on this case, the trial court denied Hatcher’s motion for summary judgment
and granted summary judgment in favor of the Election Commission and the City. For the
same reasons, the trial court subsequently granted Mayor Wharton’s motion for summary
judgment. Hatcher now appeals.
ISSUES ON A PPEAL AND S TANDARD OF R EVIEW
On appeal, Hatcher asserts that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to the
Election Commission, the City, and Mayor Wharton and in dismissing his petition. Hatcher
also claims on appeal that the trial court erred by failing to determine Mayor Wharton’s
eligibility to run for the position of Mayor of the City of Memphis under the Memphis City
Charter.
“Our review of a trial court’s award of summary judgment is de novo with no presumption of
correctness, the trial court’s decisions being purely a question of law.” Wylie Steel
Fabricators, Inc. v. Johnson, 179 S.W.3d 509, 514 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2005) (quoting BellSouth
Adver. & Publ’g Co. v. Johnson, 100 S.W.3d 202, 205 (Tenn. 2003)). Summary judgment
4
Pursuant to Rule 10.04 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure.
5
The facts in the verified answer were sworn by Mayor Wharton.
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may be granted only when there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving
party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. T ENN. R. C IV. P. 56.04; Estate of French v.
Stratford House, __ S.W. 3d __, No. E2008-00539-SC-R11-CV, 2011 WL 238819 at *4
(Tenn. Jan. 26, 2011). The party seeking summary judgment must show that there are no
disputed material facts and he is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id. If the summary
judgment motion is properly supported, then the burden of production to establish a genuine
issue of material fact shifts to the non-moving party. Id. “[A] moving party who seeks to
shift the burden of production to the nonmoving party who bears the burden of proof at trial
must either: (1) affirmatively negate an essential element of the non-moving party’s claim; or
(2) show that the non-moving party cannot prove an essential element of the claim at trial.”
Hannan v. Alltel Publishing Co., 270 S.W.3d 1, 8 (Tenn. 2008). At the summary judgment
phase, neither the trial court nor the appellate court is to weigh the evidence or substitute its
judgment for the trier of fact. Estate of French, 2011 WL 238819 at *4.
Competing motions for summary judgment must be evaluated separately. As to each motion,
the court must determine whether there are genuine issues of material fact with respect to each
motion, and whether the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. CAO
Holdings, Inc. v. Trost, __ S.W.3d__, No. M2008-01679-SC-R11-CV, 2010 WL 5111414
at *7 (Tenn. Dec. 15, 2010).
A NALYSIS
Hatcher first argues that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to the Election
Commission, Mayor Wharton, and the City, and erred in dismissing Hatcher’s petition for
declaratory and injunctive relief, damages, and an election contest. He claims that the trial
court erred in basing its decision on dicta in Hatcher v. Chairman, Shelby County Election
Commission, et al.. No. W2008-01727-COA-R3-CV, 2009 WL 1507864, (Tenn. Ct. App.
May 29, 2009), rather than adjudicating the facts and issues in this case. He argues that
summary judgment was inappropriate because the parties disagreed about “the inferences to
be drawn from the facts.” He claims that Section 17 of the Memphis City Charter rendered
Mayor Wharton ineligible to run for mayor because it provides that “ no person shall be
eligible for the office of Mayor. . . who at the time of his election and qualification holds any
other office, or who is directly interested in any contract with the city,” and asserts that the
trial court erred by refusing to determine Mayor Wharton’s eligibility under this provision of
the Memphis City Charter. Hatcher notes that Mayor Wharton was the Mayor of Shelby
County during his campaign for Mayor of the City of Memphis, and that during this time,
Mayor Wharton had an interest in various city and county contracts. He insists that Section
17 of the Memphis City Charter was not repealed by Memphis Home Rule Ordinance No.
1852.
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As noted by Hatcher, the trial court below relied on an appellate decision in a prior election
lawsuit filed by Hatcher, stating that “ the determinative legal issue is controlled by dicta in
[the] Court of Appeals decision in Hatcher v. Election Commission, 2009 WL 1507684 at
*4.” (Vol. 2 at 243-244). The prior Hatcher case (“Hatcher I”) was decided based on the
doctrine of mootness and analysis of the Memphis City Charter provision cited by Hatcher in
his argument. We consider each issue in turn.
Mootness
This Court has previously explained the doctrine of mootness:
The doctrine of justiciability prompts courts to stay their hand in cases
that do not involve a genuine and existing controversy requiring the present
adjudication of present rights. State ex rel. Lewis v. State, 208 Tenn. 534, 537,
347 S.W.2d 47, 48 (1961); Dockery v. Dockery, 559 S.W.2d 952, 954 (Tenn.
Ct. App. 1977). Thus, our courts will not render advisory opinions, Super Flea
Mkt. v. Olsen, 677 S.W.2d 449, 461 (Tenn. 1984); Parks v. Alexander, 608
S.W.2d 881, 892 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1980). or decide abstract legal questions.
State ex rel. Lewis v. State, 208 Tenn. at 538, 347 S.W.2d at 49.
Cases must be justiciable not only when they are first filed but must also
remain justiciable throughout the entire course of litigation, including the
appeal. Lewis v. Continental Bank Corp., 494 U.S. 472, 477, 110 S.Ct. 1249,
1253, 108 L.Ed.2d 400 (1990); Kremens v. Bartley, 431 U.S. 119, 128-29, 97
S.Ct. 1709, 1715 (1977); 13A Charles A. Wright et al., Federal Practice and
Procedure §§ 3533, 3533.10 (2d 3d. 1984) (“Federal Practice and Procedure”).
The concept of mootness deals with the circumstances that render a case no
longer justiciable. Davis v. McClaran, App. No. 01-A-01-9304-CH-00164, slip
op. at 2, 19 T.A.M. 1-3, 1993 WL 523667 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 10, 1993),
perm app. granted (Tenn. Mar. 28, 1994) (“[m]ootness is a doctrine of
jusiticability”); Federal Practice and Procedure § 3533, at 211.
A moot case is one that has lost its character as a present, live
controversy. McCanless v. Klein, 182 Tenn. 631, 637, 188 S.W.2d 745, 747
(1945); Krug v. Krug, 838 S.W.2d 197, 204 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992); La Rouche
v. Crowell, 709 S.W.2d 585, 587 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1985). The central question
in a mootness inquiry is whether changes in the circumstances existing at the
beginning of the litigation have forestalled the need for meaningful relief.
Federal Practice and Procedure § 3533.3, at 261. A case will generally be
considered moot if it no longer serves as a means to provide relief to the
prevailing party. Church of Scientology v. United States §, 506 U.S. 9, —, 113
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S.C.t 447, 449, 121 L.Ed.2d 313 (1992); Knott v. Stewart County, 185
Tenn.623, 626, 207 S.W.2d 337, 338-39 (1948); Massengill v. Massengill, 36
Tenn. App. 385, 388-89, 255 S.W.2d 1018, 1019 (1952).
Thus, a suit brought to enjoin a particular act becomes moot once
the act sought to be enjoined takes place. Badget v. Broome, 219 Tenn. 264,
268, 409 S.W.3d 354, 354 (1966); Malone v. Peay, 157 Tenn. 429, 433 7
S.W.2d 40. 41 (1928).
Ivy v. Tenn. Dept. of Corr., No. M2007-02606-COA-R3-CV, 2008 WL 5169563 at *2-3
(Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 9, 2008) (quoting McIntyre v. Traughber, 884 S.W.2d 134, 137 (Tenn.
Ct. App. 1994) (italics removed).
The doctrine of mootness was analyzed in Hatcher’s prior lawsuit, Hatcher I. In Hatcher I,
Appellant Hatcher was a candidate for the Memphis City Council for the position to which
Wanda M. Halbert (“Halbert”) was elected. Hatcher I, 2009 WL 1507684 at *1. Prior to the
election, Hatcher filed a lawsuit seeking declaratory and injunctive relief, alleging that Halbert
was not a qualified candidate because she was an elected member of Memphis City School
Board at the time she filed her petition to run for the Memphis City Council. Id. Hatcher
asserted that this rendered her ineligible to run for the City Council under Section 17 of the
Memphis City Charter. Id. Hatcher sought declaratory relief that Halbert was not eligible to
be a City Council candidate, and an order enjoining the election commission from including
Halbert’s name on the ballot. Id. at *2. After Hatcher filed his complaint, the election was
held and Halbert received approximately 80% of the vote. Id. Halbert then resigned from her
seat on the Memphis City School Board, and was sworn into office as a member of the
Memphis City Council. Id.
In Hatcher I, the trial judge in the instant case held that Hatcher’s petition had been rendered
moot by the City Council election and the fact that Halbert had been sworn into office, and
so dismissed the case. Hatcher appealed. On appeal, this Court affirmed the trial court’s
decision, finding that Hatcher’s request for declaratory and injunctive relief had been rendered
moot. Id. at *4.
We are compelled to reach the same conclusion in this case as to Hatcher’s requests for
declaratory and injunctive relief. However, this Court in Hatcher I noted specifically that,
in that case, Appellant Hatcher did not file an election contest. Id. In the instant case, Hatcher
sought to contest Mayor Wharton’s election, which would not be rendered moot by Mayor
Wharton’s election. Therefore, we consider the alternative basis for this Court’s decision in
Hatcher I, namely the Memphis City Charter provision Hatcher argued in the trial court
below.
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Memphis City Charter
Even though this Court in Hatcher I found that Appellant Hatcher’s lawsuit had been
rendered moot, it nevertheless went on to analyze Hatcher’s argument based on Section 17
of the Memphis City Charter. Thus, this portion of the Court’s discussion in Hatcher I was
appropriately characterized as “dicta” by the trial court below. In this appeal, Hatcher argues
that the trial court erred in relying on such dicta. We respectfully disagree. Dicta or not, we
find the Court’s analysis of this issue in Hatcher I to be instructive.
Similar to his argument in Hatcher I, in this case, Hatcher insists that Mayor Wharton was
ineligible to run in the October 15, 2009 election for the position of Mayor of the City of
Memphis because he held the office of Shelby County Mayor when he filed his nominating
petition, and Hatcher cites Section 17 of the Memphis City Charter, which states:
“no person shall be eligible for the office of Mayor who, at the time of his election and
qualification, holds any other office or who is directly or indirectly interested in contracts with
the city.” In addressing this argument, the Court in Hatcher I stated:
[W]e nonetheless find that Mr. Hatcher’s argument on this issue is fatally
flawed. Mr. Hatcher relies upon Memphis City Charter Section 17, Article 5
. . . in support of his argument that [Halbert] was ineligible to hold office as a
councilmember while serving as Commissioner on the Memphis School Board.
From our reading of his argument, it appears that Mr. Hatcher actually relies
upon the editor’s note cited under Article 5, Section 17 of the City Charter. The
editor’s note specifically references a Private Act, which was adopted in 1905
and which precluded a member of the City Council from holding another public
office within the City, County, or State. However, further reading indicates that
this provision is no longer applicable as the City Charter has been amended by
Home Rule Ordinance No. 1852 . . ., which was passed by referendum vote on
November 8, 1966. In accordance with Ordinance No. 1852, the City Charter
does not expressly disqualify a candidate from seeking office as a
Councilmember while holding another public office. So even if we were to
concede that [Halbert] could not actually hold two offices simultaneously, we
can find nothing in the City Charter to preclude her from holding one office
while running for another. Here, it is undisputed that [Halbert] resigned from
her position on the school board prior to taking her oath of office as a
Councilwoman.
Id. at *4.
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In this case, it is undisputed in the record that Mayor Wharton resigned from his position as
Mayor of Shelby County prior to taking the oath of office as Mayor of the City of Memphis.
Based on these undisputed facts and our analysis of the Memphis City Charter provision at
issue in Hatcher I, we reach the same conclusion. We have likewise considered Hatcher’s
argument on Mayor Wharton’s alleged direct or indirect interest in municipal contracts, and
also find it to be without merit. Therefore, we must conclude that the trial court did not err
in denying Hatcher’s motion for summary judgment and granting summary judgment in favor
of the Election Commission, the City, and Mayor Wharton.
C ONCLUSION
The decision of the trial court is affirmed. Costs on appeal shall be taxed to the
Appellant, Johnny Hatcher, Jr., and his surety, for which execution may issue, if necessary.
_______________________________
HOLLY M. KIRBY, JUDGE
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