In Re: Maddox B.S.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT KNOXVILLE

Assigned on Briefs June 28, 2011

IN RE MADDOX B.S., ET AL.

Appeal from the Chancery Court for Hamilton County

Nos. 10A044; 10A045 W. Frank Brown, III, Chancellor

No. E2011-00645-COA-R3-PT-FILED-AUGUST 26, 2011

Lyndsey S. (“Mother”) and Trey S. (“Father”) are the biological parents (“Parents”) of

Maddox B.S. and Rylie M.S. (“Children”). Veronda S. and James S. (“Grandparents”) are

the paternal grandparents of Children. Mother, acknowledging that her consent would result

in the termination of her parental rights, sought to consent to the adoption of Children by

Grandparents. Grandparents and Mother petitioned the trial court to terminate Mother and

Father’s parental rights and allow Grandparents to adopt Children. The court accepted

Mother’s consent and terminated her parental rights. The court terminated Father’s parental

rights in a default judgment, citing abandonment as the ground for the termination of Father’s

rights. Shortly thereafter, Mother moved the court to set aside the final order of adoption,

citing fraud and duress as grounds. Father also moved the court to set aside the termination

of his parental rights and the order of adoption, citing fraud and misrepresentation as

grounds. Mother and Father subsequently alleged that the court failed to enter findings of

fact and conclusions of law as to whether the termination of Father’s parental rights was in

the best interest of Children. The trial court found that it had failed to enter sufficient

findings of fact and conclusions of law and set aside the final order of adoption. Mother then

sought to revoke her consent. The trial court allowed the revocation, finding that the final

order of adoption that had been set aside was the only document in which Mother had

consented to the termination of her parental rights and subsequent adoption. Grandparents

appeal the court’s action of setting aside the order, the allowance of Mother’s revocation of

consent, and the dismissal of the case. We affirm the decision of the trial court.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court

Affirmed; Case Remanded

J OHN W. M CC LARTY, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which H ERSCHEL P. F RANKS,

P.J., and C HARLES D. S USANO, J R., J., joined.

Alan R. Beard, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellants, Veronda S. and James S.

Grace E. Daniell, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellees, Lyndsey S. and Trey S.

OPINION

I. BACKGROUND

On August 31, 2010, Grandparents and Mother filed a petition to terminate Mother

and Father’s parental rights and to allow Grandparents to adopt Children. The petition

reflected that Mother and Father were divorced in 2009 and that Father had been ordered to

pay child support and had been granted visitation rights. Father was residing in Georgia at

the time and since the entry of divorce, had not paid child support and had only seen Children

on one occasion. Father failed to answer the petition, and Grandparents and Mother filed a

motion to enter a default judgment. On October 19, 2010, a default judgment was entered

against Father.

Nine days later, a hearing was held in which the final order of adoption was entered.

The trial court found that Grandparents had custody of Children in excess of six months, that

Mother had consented to the termination of her parental rights and adoption by Grandparents,

and that Father had abandoned Children pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 36-1-

102. The trial court also found that “[t]he adoption [was] in the best interest of [Children].”

On November 29, 2010, Parents filed a motion to set aside the final order of adoption,

alleging fraud, intentional misrepresentation, and deceit by Grandparents to gain Mother’s

consent and Father’s inaction following the service of process for the petition and the

resulting default judgment. Mother also alleged that she was under duress and emotional

exhaustion when she signed her consent to the adoption. Parents stated that they were not

divorced at the time of the filing of the petition and that Father had not abandoned Children.

In an amended motion filed on January 7, 2011, Parents again alleged fraud, intentional

misrepresentation, and deceit by Grandparents but added the claim that the trial court had

failed to enter findings of fact and conclusions of law “concerning the grounds for

termination” of Father’s parental rights pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 36-1-

113(c), (k). Parents filed other various motions not pertinent to this appeal following the

filing of their initial motion and the amended motion.

On February 9, 2011, by Memorandum Opinion and Order the trial court set aside the

final order of adoption. The court stated, “No where does the final decree state that the

termination of the parents’ rights were in the child[ren]’s best interest . . .” and “. . .there was

no specific evidence [recalled] on the best interest of the child[ren] presented on October 28,

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2010.” The trial court concluded that it had failed to enter findings of fact and conclusions

of law as to whether the termination of Mother and Father’s parental rights was in the best

interest of Children.

The trial court subsequently entered an amended order, providing that it was not

required to issue findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether the termination of

Mother’s parental rights was in the best interest of Children because Mother was a co-

petitioner and had consented to her termination of parental rights and the resulting adoption

by Grandparents. However, the trial court upheld its original ruling that the final order of

adoption should be set aside because it had failed to enter findings of fact and conclusions

of law regarding whether the termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best interest

of Children.

On February 21, 2011, Mother filed a revocation of her parental consent to the

adoption of Children. On March 4, 2011, the trial court dismissed the case, finding that its

action of setting aside the final order of adoption “had the legal effect of setting aside the

order of confirmation of [Mother’s] consent.” This timely appeal followed.

II. ISSUES

We consolidate and restate the issues raised by the petitioners as follows:

A. Whether the trial court erred in setting aside the final order of adoption as

to Father based on its failure to set forth findings of fact and conclusions of

law as to whether the termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best

interest of Children.

B. Whether the trial court erred in setting aside the final order of adoption as

to Mother and in allowing Mother to revoke her consent to the adoption

proceedings.

III. STANDARD OF REVIEW

We will review the trial court’s action of setting aside the final order of adoption

pursuant to Rule 60 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure under an abuse of discretion

standard. Federated Ins. Co. v. Lethcoe, 18 S.W.3d 621, 624 (Tenn. 2000); Underwood v.

Zurich Ins. Co., 854 S.W.2d 94, 97 (Tenn. 1993). The trial court’s allowance of Mother to

revoke her consent to the adoption and subsequent dismissal of the case is subject to a de

novo review with no presumption of correctness because we are reviewing the trial court’s

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conclusions of law. Blackburn v. Blackburn, 270 S.W.3d 42, 47 (Tenn. 2008); Union

Carbide Corp. v. Huddleston, 854 S.W.2d 87, 91 (Tenn. 1993).

IV. DISCUSSION

A. Father

1. Jurisdiction

Grandparents contend that the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to consider

the claim that it failed to enter findings of fact and conclusions of law that the termination

of Father’s parental rights was in the best interest of Children. They alternatively contend

that even if the trial court had subject matter jurisdiction to consider this issue, the motion

asserting this ground for dismissal was not timely filed pursuant to Rule 59.04 of the

Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure. Parents respond that the court had jurisdiction to

consider their motion pursuant to Rule 59.04 and 60.02 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil

Procedure. They further respond that their motion was timely filed under either rule.

Rule 60.02 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure provides, in pertinent part,

On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or the

party’s legal representative from a final judgment, order or proceeding for . .

. any [] reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment.

Relief under this rule is considered “an exceptional remedy.” Nails v. Aetna Ins. Co., 834

S.W.2d 289, 294 (Tenn. 1992). The function of the rule is to “strike a proper balance

between the competing principles of finality and justice.” Banks v. Dement Const. Co., Inc.,

817 S.W.2d 16, 18 (Tenn. 1991) (quoting Jerkins v. McKinney, 533 S.W.2d 275, 280 (Tenn.

1976)). Motions seeking relief under this rule must be “made within a reasonable time.”

Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02.

Parents filed their initial motion on November 29, 2010, within 30 days of the entry

of the final order. The amended motion, which cited Rule 60.02, was filed on January 7,

2011, within 90 days of the entry of the final order. Accordingly, we conclude that Parents

sought relief pursuant to this rule within a reasonable amount of time. Additionally, we

believe that consideration of this issue was important to ensure the finality of the court’s

order. “A trial court’s failure to comply with [Tennessee Code Annotated section] 36-1-

113(k) fatally undermines the validity of a termination order.” In re S.M., 149 S.W.3d 632,

639 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2004); see also Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-113(k) (“The court shall enter

an order that makes specific findings of fact and conclusions of law within thirty (30) days

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of the conclusion of the hearing.”). If the court had failed to make the requisite findings, the

appellate court may have vacated the order terminating the parental rights and granting the

adoption and “remand[ed] the case to the trial court with directions to file written findings

of fact and conclusions of law.” White v. Moody, 171 S.W.3d 187, 192 (Tenn. Ct. App.

2004). Thus, we also conclude that the trial court’s consideration of this issue was proper.

2. Finding

Grandparents contend that the trial court erred in setting aside the final order of

adoption because the required finding that the termination of Father’s parental rights was in

the best interest of Children was implicit in the court’s actual finding that the adoption was

in the best interest of Children. Grandparents further relate that the court’s finding was

“legally sufficient” because “termination is a condition precedent to adoption.” Parents

respond that the trial court’s finding was insufficient because the court “did not even mention

in its order whether it was in the best interest of [Children] for [Father’s] parental rights to

be terminated.”

Tennessee Code Annotated section 36-1-113(c) provides,

(c) Termination of parental or guardianship rights must be based upon:

(1) A finding by the court by clear and convincing evidence that

the grounds for termination of parental or guardianship rights

have been established; and

(2) That termination of the parent’s or guardian’s rights is in the

best interests of the child.

Accordingly, “a court must determine that clear and convincing evidence proves not only that

statutory grounds exist [for the termination] but also that termination is in the child’s best

interest.” In re Valentine, 79 S.W.3d 539, 546 (Tenn. 2002). If the court fails to make the

requisite findings, the appellate court may vacate the order terminating the parental rights and

granting the adoption and “remand the case to the trial court with directions to file written

findings of fact and conclusions of law.” White, 171 S.W.3d at 192.

Here, the court failed to make the requisite finding that the termination of Father’s

parental rights was in the best interest of Children. While the court found that the adoption

was in the best interest of Children, such a finding is not sufficient pursuant to Tennessee

Code Annotated section 36-1-113. See In re Adoption of T.L.H., No. M2008-01408-COA-

R3-PT, 2009 WL 152475, at *5 (Tenn. Ct. App. Jan. 21, 2009). Indeed, the finding that the

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adoption was in the best interest of Children was not equivalent to the necessary finding that

the termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best interest of Children. See L.D.N.

v. R.B.W., No. E2005-02057-COA-R3-PT, 2006 WL 369275, at *4 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 17,

2006). The adoption may be in the best interest of Children; however, terminating Father’s

parental rights may not be in the best interest of Children. “‘Termination of a person’s rights

as a parent is a grave and final decision, irrevocably altering the lives of the parent and child

involved and severing forever all legal rights and obligations of the parent.’” Means v.

Ashby, 130 S.W.3d 48, 54 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003) (quoting Brown v. Rogers, No. M2000-

01277-COA-R3-CV, 2001 WL 92083, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001)). ‘“[F]ew consequences

of judicial action are so grave as the severance of natural family ties.”’ M.L.B. v. S.L.J., 519

U.S. 102, 119 (1996) (quoting Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 787 (1982)). Accordingly,

we conclude that the trial court did not err in setting aside the final order of adoption because

it failed to issue findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether the termination of

Father’s parental rights was in the best interest of Children.

Because we are concluding that the trial court’s setting aside of the final order was

appropriate on this ground, we will not analyze Parents’ alternative responses that the final

order of adoption should have been set aside because the proof presented at the hearing was

not “sufficient to support a finding of abandonment for the termination of [Father’s] parental

rights,” because Children had not lived in Grandparents’ home for the requisite period of

time, and because a guardian ad litem was not appointed.

B. Mother

Grandparents contend that the trial court erred in setting aside the final order as to

Mother and allowing Mother to revoke her consent to the adoption. Grandparents assert that

Mother’s consent as evidenced by her signing of the petition constituted a complete surrender

of her rights pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 36-1-117(f) and that as reflected

in the language of the petition, she could not revoke her consent after the final order had been

entered. Parents respond that once the final order had been set aside, Mother had the right

to revoke her consent.

Grandparents’ initial contention that the court erred in setting aside the final order of

adoption as to Mother is misplaced. We acknowledge that the court was not required to enter

findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether the termination of Mother’s parental

rights was in the best interest of Children because Mother was a co-petitioner and consented

to the adoption. However, because the trial court failed to enter findings of fact and

conclusions of law as to whether the termination of Father parental rights was in the best

interest of Children, the court had the authority to set aside the order pursuant to Rule 60.02

of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure. The court stated that it would not accept consent

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from one parent without terminating the rights of the other parent. Indeed, the adoption

could not be completed without the termination of Father’s parental rights. Accordingly, we

conclude that the trial court did not err in setting aside the order.

Relative to Grandparents’ contention that the court erred in allowing Mother to revoke

her consent once the order had been set aside, we acknowledge that a parent’s act of “joining

in the adoption petition” constitutes a complete surrender of his or her parental rights. Tenn.

Code Ann. § 36-1-117(f). However, the

act of signing the adoption petition shall not terminate the parental rights of

such parent until the court . . . has entered an order confirming the parental

consent and until the court shall have required such parent to answer, under

oath, each of the questions required of parents [].

Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-117(g)(2) (emphasis added). Once a parent has signed the adoption

petition, the court must provide ten “calendar days’ written notice . . . of the appearance date

for the required response to the court pursuant to [section] 36-1-111 before entry of the order

confirming the parental consent is entered by the court.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-117(g)(3).

Following the appearance date at which the parent satisfactorily answers the questions,

the court shall enter an order that confirms the parental consent, and the court

shall then, and only then, be authorized to enter an order terminating such

parent’s rights to the child []; provided, that a parental consent may be revoked

at any time prior to the entry of an order of confirmation of the parental

consent by the court executing a revocation form as provided in [section] 36-1-

112, and such revocation shall negate and void the parental consent.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-117(g)(4). Indeed, Tennessee Code Annotated section 36-1-

112(a)(2)(A) provides that “[a] parental consent may be revoked at any time prior to the entry

of an order of confirmation of the parental consent by the court.” Once a parent has revoked

his or her consent, the child’s legal status is returned “to that which existed before the

surrender was executed.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-112(e)(1).

Once the final order of adoption that confirmed Mother’s consent had been set aside,

that order had “no continuing legal effect.” See generally Edwards v. Banco Lumber Co.

Inc., 101 S.W.3d 69, 75 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2002) (affirming the trial court’s denial of the

plaintiff’s motion to set aside an order that was superceded by the final order). It was as if

the final order of adoption that confirmed Mother’s consent had never been entered.

Consequently, Mother had the right to revoke her consent prior to the entry of a subsequent

final order of adoption. When Mother revoked her consent prior to the hearing, Grandparents

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were then tasked with terminating both Mother and Father’s parental rights without Mother’s

consent. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err in allowing Mother to

revoke her consent and in dismissing the case.

V. CONCLUSION

The judgment of the trial court is affirmed, and the cause is remanded for such further

proceedings as necessary. Costs of the appeal are taxed to the appellants, Veronda S. and

James S. Parents have asked this court to award them appellate attorney fees. An award of

such fees is a matter within our sound discretion. Archer v. Archer, 907 S.W.2d 412, 419

(Tenn. Ct. App. 1995). Exercising that discretion, we respectfully decline to award them

appellate attorney fees.

______________________________________

JOHN W. McCLARTY, JUDGE

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