In The Matter of: The Estate of Mary Isabel Gentry

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT NASHVILLE

January 24, 2012 Session

IN THE MATTER OF: THE ESTATE OF MARY ISABEL GENTRY,

DECEASED

Appeal from the Probate Court for Dickson County

No. 1002107P Nathan Brown, Judge Pro Tem

No. M2011-00778-COA-R3-CV - Filed March 20, 2012

Appellant filed a motion to set aside an order that purported to settle a dispute concerning the

real estate in a decedent’s estate. The court denied the motion; Appellant contends this was

error. The parties announced their agreement to settle the dispute in open court. An order,

titled “Agreed Order,” was subsequently entered but it was not signed by Appellant’s

counsel; moreover, Appellant filed an objection to the entry of the order prior to it being

approved by the court. The transcript of the agreement announced in court reveals that the

so-called “Agreed Order” does not contain a material condition to the fulfillment of the

agreement, that Appellant “is going to be borrowing money in order to come up with the

funds necessary to offset that and pay these amounts to these other two individuals, so that’s

part of the agreement.” We find the denial of Appellant’s motion to set aside the so-called

Agreed Order causes an injustice to Appellant; accordingly, we reverse the denial of

Appellant’s Rule 59.04 motion to set aside the November 3, 2010 Agreed Order. The trial

court also found that performance under the agreement was not a legal impossibility,

meaning that Appellant could obtain the requisite loan. We have determined the evidence

preponderates against this finding because Appellant demonstrated that, due to the current

appraised value of the property, she is unable to obtain the requisite financing. Accordingly,

we reverse and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion to the extent

necessary to complete the administration of the decedent’s estate.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Probate Court

Reversed and Remanded

F RANK G. C LEMENT, J R., J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which P ATRICIA J.

C OTTRELL, P.J., M.S., and R ICHARD H. D INKINS, J., joined.

Kirk Vandivort and Brian Ragan, Dickson, Tennessee, for the appellant, Constance Gail

Jones.

J. Reese Holley, Dickson, Tennessee, for the appellee, Estate of Gary Gentry.

Jack L. Garton, Dickson, Tennessee, for the appellee, Estate of Gracie Gentry.

OPINION

Appellant, Ms. Gail Jones, appeals from the trial court’s denial of her Tenn. R. Civ.

P. 59.04 motion to set aside an order that was entered to settle issues concerning real estate

owned by the decedent, Ms. Jones’s mother, which real estate Ms. Jones wishes to retain. The

real property at issue derives from the Estate of Mary Isabel Gentry, who died in September

2002. In October 2002, the Last Will and Testament of Mary Isabel Gentry was admitted into

probate in Dickson County. The will named her two children, Ms. Jones and Gary Gentry,

as the residual beneficiaries. Ms. Jones was named the executrix of the estate. The real

property was appraised in 2003 and valued at $772,500.

In February 2004, Gary Gentry died intestate. He was survived by his wife, Gracie

Gentry, and his adult daughter, Tracy Correll. As a consequence of his death, Gary Gentry’s

inheritance descended to his wife and his daughter, in equal shares. While both Gary

Gentry’s estate and the estate of Mary Gentry remained open, Gracie Gentry died intestate

leaving her only child, Carlton Alberd, as the sole heir of her intestate estate. As a

consequence of the two additional deaths, Ms. Jones was entitled to a one-half undivided

interest in her mother’s estate and Ms. Correll and Mr. Alberd each were entitled to a one-

fourth undivided interest in the estate.

For reasons unexplained by the record, the administration of the estate moved forward

at a snail’s pace until August 26, 2010, eight years after Mary Isabel Gentry’s death, when

Ms. Correll filed a motion to sell the real property of Mary Isabel Gentry’s estate so that the

proceeds could be divided and distributed among the three interested parties. Ms. Jones

opposed the sale of the property and filed a Motion to Construe the last will and testament

of Mary Isabel Gentry. Both motions were set to be heard on August 31, 2010. Immediately

prior to the hearing on the motions, the parties announced through their respective counsels

that an agreement had been reached. The agreement announced in court, which was recorded

by a stenographer, was that Ms. Jones would retain her one-half interest in the real property

and acquire the remaining one-half interest by paying to her mother’s estate fifty percent of

the appraised value of the real property and the estate would pay agreed upon sums to Ms.

Correll and Mr. Alberd in consideration for both of them releasing any and all claims to the

estate.1 It was also announced that Ms. Jones was going to be borrowing money in order to

come up with the necessary funds.

1

The estates of Gary Gentry and Gracie Gentry were also parties to the agreement.

-2-

Thereafter, Ms. Jones promptly made an application for the requisite loan with

Pinnacle Financial Partners. Within a few days of the application, Pinnacle advised her that

the value of the real property had dropped dramatically since the 2003 appraisal and that it

would not make the loan in the amount she required. Immediately upon learning of this fact,

Ms. Jones notified Ms. Correll and Mr. Alberd that she would be unable to obtain financing

as previously thought. Nevertheless, counsel for Ms. Correll and Mr. Alberd filed an “Agreed

Order” with the court, which had been approved by and bore the signatures of the attorneys

for Ms. Correll and Mr. Alberd; however, the order had not been approved by Ms. Jones’s

attorney. On October 12, 2010, Ms. Jones filed a motion requesting that the probate judge

not approve or enter the Agreed Order. That same day, Mr. Alberd filed a Motion to Compel

Entry of the Agreed Order.

Two weeks later, the “Agreed Order” was approved by the probate court and it was

entered on November 3, 2010. The “Agreed Order” provided that Ms. Correll and Mr. Alberd

were divested of their interest in the estate of Mary Isabel Gentry in consideration for Ms.

Jones paying to the estate $403,267.25. The estate was then to pay Ms. Correll $214,500 for

her interest in the estate and $188,767.25 to Mr. Alberd for his interest in the estate.2 Ms.

Correll, Mr. Alberd, and the estates of Gary and Gracie Gentry also waived any and all

claims against the estate of Mary Isabel Gentry.

On December 2, 2010, Ms. Jones filed a Motion to Alter, Amend, or Set Aside the

Agreed Order pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 59.04. Following a hearing on

January 18, 2011, the trial court issued a Memorandum Opinion denying Ms. Jones’s motion.

The trial court found that Ms. Jones’s ability to find financing was not a condition precedent

to the agreement, that there was no mutual mistake between the parties, that there was a

meeting of the minds, and that performance under the agreement was not a legal

impossibility. Ms. Jones filed a timely appeal.

Analysis

Ms. Jones raises several issues in support of her contentions that the trial court erred

by enforcing the Agreed Order and that the court misconstrued the agreement announced in

court. We have determined that the so-called “Agreed Order” should not have been entered

because it does not correctly or completely represent the agreement announced in court.

Further, the agreement as announced expressly provided that Ms. Jones “is going to be

borrowing money in order to come up with the funds necessary” and she demonstrated that,

due to the current appraised value of the property, she is unable to do so.

2

The reason for the different purchase prices is not relevant to the issue on appeal.

-3-

I.

In Environmental Abatement, Inc. v. Astrum R.E. Corp., 27 S.W.3d 530 (Tenn. 2000),

this court held that:

Tennessee is one of those jurisdictions where:

the terms of the settlement should be stated to the court and

taken down by the reporter or otherwise reduced to writing so as

to prevent a dispute as to what are the terms of the settlement,

and that an oral stipulation for compromise and settlement made

in open court in the presence of the parties and preserved in the

record of the court is as binding as a written agreement.

15A C.J.S. Compromise and Settlement § 17 at 214-215 (citations omitted).

Environmental Abatement, 27 S.W.3d at 539-540.

We are fortunate to have a stenographic transcript of the agreement of the parties as

announced in court. The agreement between the parties as announced in court by Ms. Jones’s

attorney, stated in pertinent part:

And what is going to happen here is in exchange for Ms. Jones receiving the

real property, she is going to be borrowing money in order to come up with the

funds necessary to offset that and pay these amounts to these other two

individuals, so that’s part of the agreement.

Also part of the agreement is there are roughly 31 to - somewhere between 31-

and 34 - or $35,000 in costs and expenses that will be paid by Ms. Jones as

part of this settlement. So when she borrows money, she’ll borrow additional

money so that at the end of the day, this estate will be fully administered.

The so-called “Agreed Order” did not contain any reference to the fact Ms. Jones

would be borrowing money in order to come up with the necessary funds. We have

determined this is a material provision of the agreement as announced in court; thus, the

“Agreed Order” does not correctly state the agreement. Accordingly, it should not have been

entered, especially in that Ms. Jones’s attorney objected to the order prior to its approval by

the court and it did not contain the signature of her attorney signifying approval for entry of

the order.

-4-

When an order is entered, a party may seek relief from such order by timely filing a

Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 59.04 motion to alter or amend the order. Ms. Jones did

just that, however, the trial court denied relief. On appeal, we review the trial court’s denial

of a Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 59.04 motion to alter or amend a judgment under the

abuse of discretion standard. Whalum v. Marshall, 224 S.W.3d 169, 174 (Tenn. Ct. App.

2006) (citing Chambliss v. Stohler, 124 S.W.3d 116, 120 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003)). A trial

court abuses its discretion only when it “applies an incorrect legal standard, or reaches a

decision which is against logic or reasoning or that causes an injustice to the party

complaining.” Eldridge v. Eldridge, 42 S.W.3d 82, 85 (Tenn. 2001) (quoting State v. Shirley,

6 S.W.3d 243, 247 (Tenn. 1999)) (emphasis added). We have determined the trial court erred

by not setting aside the order because enforcing it will cause an injustice to Ms. Jones.3

Accordingly, we reverse the decision denying the Rule 59.04 motion.

II.

The agreement as announced in open court expressly provided that Ms. Jones “is

going to be borrowing money in order to come up with the funds necessary.” The trial court

found that Ms. Jones’s ability to find financing was not a condition precedent to the

agreement and that performance under the agreement was not a legal impossibility. We

respectfully disagree.

The standard of review of a trial court’s findings of fact is de novo, and we presume

that the findings of fact are correct unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise.

Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d); Rawlings v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co., 78 S.W.3d 291, 296

(Tenn. Ct. App. 2001). For the evidence to preponderate against a trial court’s finding of fact,

it must support another finding of fact with greater convincing effect. Id.; see also The Realty

Shop, Inc. v. R.R. Westminster Holding, Inc., 7 S.W.3d 581, 596 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1999).

We have concluded that the evidence preponderates against the trial court’s finding.

Although the terminology stated in the agreement is inartful, the statements made by Ms.

Jones’s attorney in court are sufficient to condition the agreement upon Ms. Jones’s ability

to obtain the requisite financing. In support of her motion to set aside the judgment, Ms.

3

In support of their argument that the trial court did not abuse its discretion, Ms. Correll and Mr.

Alberd cite to REM Enterprises v. Frye, 937 S.W.2d 920 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996), and argue that the trial court

correctly entered the Agreed Order and denied Ms. Jones’s motion to set aside the order because once the

agreement was announced in court and the trial court asked if the parties consented to the agreement, then

the agreement was binding, and therefore, Ms. Jones could not withdraw her consent to the agreement. Frye,

937 S.W.2d at 921-922; see also Moxham v. Crafton, No. M2002-00803-COA-R3-CV, 2001 WL 468669

(Tenn. Ct. App. May 4, 2001). For the reasons stated herein, we find Frye distinguishable because the

“Agreed Order” did not correctly or completely represent the agreement announced in court.

-5-

Jones filed an affidavit in which she too stated that a condition of the agreement was that she

obtain a loan to pay the funds to Ms. Correll and Mr. Alberd, that she was unable to obtain

such a loan, and that she otherwise lacked the financial resources to comply with the other

conditions of the agreement without a loan. The transcript of the agreement as announced in

court supports Ms. Jones’s testimony. Further, in addition to establishing this as a material

condition of the agreement, Ms. Jones demonstrated that, due to the current appraised value

of the property, she is unable to obtain the requisite financing.

In Conclusion

For the reasons stated above, we reverse the trial court’s decision to deny Ms. Jones’s

Rule 59.04 motion to set aside the November 3, 2010 Agreed Order. We also reverse the

findings that Ms. Jones’s ability to obtain the requisite financing was not a material condition

to the agreement and that performance under the agreement was not a legal impossibility.

Accordingly, this case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion

necessary to complete the administration of the decedent’s estate. Costs of appeal are

assessed against the Appellees, Estate of Gary Gentry, Estate of Gracie Gentry, Ms. Correll,

and Mr. Alberd.

______________________________

FRANK G. CLEMENT, JR., JUDGE

-6-