The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
REGINA GROVE, :
: Civil No. 3:17-CV-2399
Plaintiff, :
: (JUDGE MARIANI)
V. :(Magistrate Judge Carlson)
ARAMARK CORP., et al.,
Defendants. :
MEMORANDUM OPINION
|. INTRODUCTION and PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Plaintiff Regina Grove filed this action under Title VII against Defendants Aramark
Corporation, Jim Castaldi, Elaine Evans, Precious Gillard, and Jan Krushinski alleging
employment discrimination and retaliation. (Doc. 1 at 1.) Defendants Aramark Campus,
LLC (‘Aramark’), and Aramark employees Evans, Gillard, and Krushinski filed Aramark
Defendant's [sic] Motion to Dismiss (“Motion to Dismiss’) (Doc. 14) seeking dismissal of all
claims against them.’ Aramark Defendants attached numerous exhibits to their Motion to
Dismiss and supporting brief. (See Docs. 14-2 through 14-26, 15-1 through 15-25.)
The motion was referred to Magistrate Judge Carlson who determined that the
Motion to Dismiss should be converted to a motion for summary judgment. (Doc. 30.) In
1 In the motion, Defendant Aramark states that it was incorrectly named in the Complaint as
“Aramark Corporation” and the correct name is “Aramark Campus, LLC.” (Doc. 14 at 1.)
accordance with the Third Circuit's directive in Renchenski v. Williams, 622 F.3d 315, 339
(3d Cir. 2010), he advised the parties of his intention to consider matters outside the
pleadings and provided them notice and an opportunity to be heard with his July 22, 2019,
Order. (Doc. 30 at 1-2.) Magistrate Judge Carlson allowed the parties the option to “file
supplemental briefs addressing this case through the perspective of a summary judgment
motion, or in the alternative file objections to the conversion of this motion to dismiss to a
motion for summary judgment.” (/d. at 2.) He directed that “plaintiff may file any objections
or a supplemental brief addressing the motion as a motion for summary judgment on or
before August 12, 2019, and the defendant may file a supplemental response on or before
August 26, 2019.” (/d.) Plaintiff did not file either by the deadline set in the Order or since.
Aramark Defendants filed a timely supplemental brief. (Doc. 31.)
Magistrate Judge Carlson issued his R&R on September 12, 2019. (Doc. 32.) He
recommends that Aramark Defendants’ motion (Doc. 14), which was converted to a motion
for summary judgment, be granted. (Doc. 32 at 26.) Plaintiff did not file objections to the
recommended disposition and the time for doing so has passed.
ll. STANDARD OF REVIEW
A District Court may “designate a magistrate judge to conduct hearings,
including evidentiary hearings, and to submit to a judge of the court proposed findings of
fact and recommendations for the disposition” of certain matters pending before the Court.
28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B). If a party timely and properly files a written objection to a
Magistrate Judge's Report and Recommendation, the District Court “shall make a de novo
determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed findings or
recommendations to which objection is made.” Id. at § 636(b)(1)(C); see also Fed. R. Civ.
P. 72(b)(3); M.D. Pa. Local Rule 72.3; Brown v. Astrue, 649 F.3d 193, 195 (3d Cir. 2011).
“If a party does not object timely to a magistrate judge's report and recommendation, the
party may lose its right to de novo review by the district court.” EEOC v. City of Long
Branch, 866 F.3d 93, 99-100 (3d Cir. 2017). However, “because a district court must take
some action for a report and recommendation to become a final order and because the
authority and the responsibility to make an informed, final determination remains with the
judge, even absent objections to the report and recommendation, a district court should
afford some level of review to dispositive legal issues raised by the report.” /d. at 100
(internal citations and quotation marks omitted). The Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
has described the appropriate level of review as “reasoned consideration.” /d. (quoting
Henderson v. Carlson, 812 F.2d 874, 878 (3d Cir. 1987)).
Ill. ANAYLSIS
Upon “reasoned consideration” review of the R&R, the Court concludes that
Magistrate Judge Carlson should not have converted the motion to dismiss to a motion for
summary judgment and, having done so, he did not apply the appropriate standard in
reaching his conclusion that Aramark Defendants are entitled to summary judgment.
At the outset of his discussion, Magistrate Judge Carlson stated the following:
Relying upon a body of what are now undisputed facts that Grove has not
chosen to challenge, the defendants contend that Grove’s claims fail on their
merits because she has not sufficiently alleged or shown any facts that support
a claim of racial discrimination or retaliation and the uncontested facts defat
[sic] her claims as a matter of law....We agree... and{] we will recommend
that the defendants’ motion be granted.
(Doc. 32 at 2.) The Court finds this approach to addressing what was originally a motion to
dismiss insufficient to permit a thorough and fair analysis of the scant record evidence.
It is well established that
a “court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no
genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment
as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a). The party asserting that there is a
genuine dispute of material fact must support that assertion by “citing to
particular parts of ... the record, including depositions, documents,
electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations, stipulations ...,
admissions, interrogatory answers, or other materials.” Fed.R.Civ.P.
56(c)(1)(A). In evaluating the motion, “the court must draw all reasonable
inferences in favor of the nonmoving party, and it may not make credibility
determinations or weigh the evidence.” Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods.,
Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 150, 120 S.Ct. 2097, 147 L.Ed.2d 105 (2000). Because
summary judgment can be supported or defeated by citing a developed record,
courts must give the parties “adequate time for discovery.” Celotex Corp. v.
Catrett,477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed2d 265 (1986).
Guidotti v. Legal Helpers Debt Resolution, L.L.C., 716 F.3d 764, 772 (3d Cir. 2013).
Here Aramark Defendants attached numerous exhibits to their Motion to Dismiss and
supporting brief (Docs. 14, 15). They cited these exhibits in their “Statement of Alleged
Facts” in their brief in support of the motion to dismiss. (Doc. 15 at 8-9.) They summarily
incorporated this “Statement of Alleged Facts” into their supplemental brief and stated that
purposes of considering the Aramark Defendants’ Motion as a Motion for Summary
Judgment, the Court may consider that Statement of Alleged Facts in the Opening
Memorandum to now constitute a Statement of Fact.” (Doc. 31 at 6-7.)
Aramark Defendants further stated that
Plaintiff never submitted a supplemental brief and, therefore, implicitly
conceded that the factual statements and exhibits identified in the Opening
Memorandum, the supporting Declaration of Anne E. Martinez, Esq., and the
Reply Memorandum are undisputed. Since there are no disputes over material
facts, the Court may grant summary judgment to the Aramark Defendants.
(Doc. 31 at 11.)
Magistrate Judge Carlson appears to have proceeded in the manner proposed by
Aramark Defendants. However, this approach to summary judgment is extremely
problematic because Plaintiff was not put on notice that exhibits attached to motion to
dismiss documents would be accepted as part of the record on summary judgment yet
Aramark Defendants, and in turn Magistrate Judge Carlson, relied on them in deciding the
pending motion. (See, e.g., Doc. 15 at 7-9, Doc. 31 at 6, Doc. 32 at 15.) In other words, the
Magistrate Judge accepted all facts alleged by Aramark Defendants to be undisputed, but
Aramark Defendants never set out a statement of undisputed facts to which Plaintiff was
obligated to respond under the established summary judgment framework. In fact, in the
Magistrate Judge’s Order notifying the parties that he intended to convert the motion to one
for summary judgment, only two filings were anticipated: Plaintiff was to file any objections
or a supplemental brief addressing the motion as a motion for summary judgment on or
before August 12, 2019, and Aramark Defendants were to file a supplemental response on
or before August 26, 2019. In no way condoning Plaintiff's counsel's abdication of his
advocacy responsibilities, the Court finds that although the Magistrate Judge said that
Plaintiff chose not to dispute facts, there is a significant question as to what facts Aramark
Defendants were proffering as undisputed. Certainly Plaintiffs counsel could have filed a
response to Aramark Defendants’ supplemental brief (Doc. 31), but such a filing was not
contemplated in Magistrate Judge Carlson’s Order (Doc. 30).2
On this record, the Court cannot determine that there are no disputed issues of
material fact and cannot accept the analysis set out in the R&R which apparently assumes
this to be the case. The approach adopted in the analysis of Plaintiff's claims runs afoul of
the rule that the Court refrain from engaging in fact finding, making credibility
determinations, and judging the weight of the evidence.
While the Court has found the general approach to addressing this motion
unacceptable, the Court is also deeply troubled by the failure of Plaintiffs counsel to offer
the most basic of advocacy on behalf of his client.s This Court is being asked to determine,
on summary judgment, a claim of racial discrimination in circumstances where no
determination was ever made as to the legal sufficiency of Plaintiffs Complaint in the first
"2 Although this case was stayed by agreement of the parties (Doc. 27), the stay was in place
pending resolution of Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 14 (emphasis added)). Therefore, it was not
intended to preclude discovery in connection with a motion for summary judgment, and any request by
Plaintiffs counsel to engage in discovery before or upon conversion to a summary judgment motion would
have been readily granted.
3 See Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(d).
instance. Thereafter, a truncated and inappropriate summary judgment analysis was
conducted. Such an approach will not be a basis for a ruling by this Court that would put
Plaintiff out of Court.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will not adopt the R&R (Doc. 32). Aramark
Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs Complaint (Doc. 14) (converted to a motion for
summary judgment (Doc. 30)) will be denied without prejudice. An appropriate Order will be
filed simultaneously with this Memorandum Opinion.
ay LY sna,
“WAM
ReberD. Marian Judge