The opinion
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO
EASTERN DIVISION
ABINGTON EMERSON CAPITAL, LLC,
Plaintiff,
Civil Action 2:17-cv-143
v. Judge Sarah D. Morrison
Magistrate Judge Jolson
L ANDASH CORPORATION, et al.,
Defendants.
OPINION AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court on Defendant XPO Global Forwarding, Inc.’s and
Defendant XPO Logistics, Inc.’s (collectively, “XPO”) Motion to Permanently Seal (Doc. 346)
and Plaintiff Abington Emerson Capital, LLC’s (“Abington”) Motion to Permanently Seal
(Doc. 347). For the following reasons, XPO’s Motion (Doc. 346) is GRANTED in part and
DENIED in part. Specifically, XPO’s request to permanently seal is DENIED, but its request
pertaining to waiver is GRANTED. Abington’s Motion (Doc. 347) is DENIED without
prejudice to re-filing. The documents Abington seeks to permanently seal will remain off the
public docket for TEN (10) days from the date of this Order, during which time Abington may
file a more detailed and narrowly-tailored motion to seal.
I. BACKGROUND
On June 3, 2020, the Court granted both XPO’s and Abington’s Motions to File Documents
Under Temporary Seal. (Doc. 337). The Court temporarily sealed the documents and directed the
parties to file any motion to permanently seal within fourteen days. (Id.). XPO and Abington filed
their respective Motions to Permanently Seal on June 17, 2020. (Docs. 346, 347). Both Motions
are unopposed. (See Doc. 348). Thus, this matter is ripe for resolution.
I. STANDARD
A district court may enter a protective order during discovery on a mere showing of “good
cause.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c)(1). “[V]ery different considerations apply” when a party seeks to
seal documents “[a]t the adjudication stage,” which applies “when the parties place material in the
court record.” Shane Grp., Inc. v. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Mich., 825 F.3d 299, 305 (6th Cir.
2016) (quotation omitted). “Unlike information merely exchanged between the parties, ‘[t]he
public has a strong interest in obtaining the information contained in the court record.’” Id.
(quoting Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. v. F.T.C., 710 F.2d 1165, 1180 (6th Cir. 1983)). For
this reason, the moving party bears a “heavy” burden of overcoming a “‘strong presumption in
favor of openness’ as to court records.” Shane Grp., Inc., 825 F.3d at 305 (quoting Brown &
Williamson, 710 F.2d at 1179). “[T]he seal itself must be narrowly tailored to serve that reason,”
which requires the moving party to “analyze in detail, document by document, the propriety of
secrecy, providing reasons and legal citations.” Shane Grp., Inc., 825 F.3d at 305–06 (quotation
marks and citation omitted). Similarly, the court “that chooses to seal court records must set forth
specific findings and conclusions which justify nondisclosure.” Id. at 306 (quotation marks and
citation omitted).
II. DISCUSSION
XPO and Abington set forth separate bases for seeking leave to file under seal. The Court
considers each Motion in turn.
A. XPO’s Motion (Doc. 346)
XPO seeks to seal its declaration concerning Defendant Afif Baltagi’s attorney fees (the
“Declaration”) and the redacted portions of Abington’s Motion In Limine related to the same (Doc.
340), and additionally, requests to file those portions of its opposition brief addressing matters in
the Declaration under seal. (See generally Doc. 346).
The Declaration discloses: (1) the identity of each attorney(s) or firm(s) whom XPO paid
on Defendant Baltagi’s behalf; (2) the date range during which such services were performed; (3)
the general nature of such services; and (4) the date and amount of each payment made by XPO to
said attorney(s) or firms. (See Doc. 340-1). XPO sets forth several reasons for sealing the
Declaration and related briefing. First, it asserts that “the basic information regarding the
Declaration has already been filed with the Court.” (Doc. 346 at 2). Further, it contends that “the
potential incremental benefit to the public of having additional information is nominal, at best.”
(Id.). But neither reason warrants sealing a document that, on its face, does not reveal any
privileged communications or work product but simply provides factual information regarding the
representation of Defendant Baltagi. (See Doc. 340-1).
Rather, it appears the heart of XPO’s concern is the risk of waiver. It is “concerned that
permitting the confidential Declaration to be filed publicly could cause one or more of XPO’s
opposing parties, including Abington, to argue that this disclosure opens the door not only to this
particular document, but potentially by extension to other privileged documents and information
that may exist, the privileges which [it] specifically preserves and does not waive.” (Doc. 346 at
3).
But the parties have already agreed that producing the Declaration would not result in
waiver. XPO produced the Declaration as part “of an omnibus resolution intended to dispose of
several motions filed by Abington and XPO.” (Doc. 346 at 1). The parties then jointly approached
the Court and agreed that, “[b]ecause the agreed resolution contemplates the production of
documents that the parties claim are subject to the attorney-client privilege, the common-interest
privilege, and/or the work product doctrine, the parties respectfully request that the Court enter the
attached proposed order confirming that the voluntary production of such documents does not
constitute a waiver of any privilege in this or any other litigation pursuant to Rule 502(d).” (Doc.
313). The Court granted the parties’ Motion and specifically ordered, “[p]ursuant to Rule 502(d)
of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the production of the documents described in the Motion,
which are incorporated in this order by reference, shall not constitute a waiver of any claim of
privilege or work product protection in this case or any other state or federal litigation.” (Doc.
314).
Accordingly, XPO’s concerns regarding waiver do not justify sealing otherwise non-
privileged documents. XPO’s Motion to Permanently Seal is DENIED as a result. Seemingly
predicting this outcome, XPO requests, “[t]o the extent the Court disagrees and determines that
XPO has not sustained its burden to demonstrate that confidential treatment is warranted, XPO
respectfully requests that the Court expressly limit the application of any order to the Declaration
and briefing related thereto to this litigation, to avoid any party or third-party’s ability to argue any
privilege has been waived, eroded, or otherwise impacted in any manner.” (Doc. 346 at 3 n.2).
Consistent with the Court’s previous order (Doc. 314), the Court GRANTS XPO’s request
regarding waiver and ORDERS that the use of the Declaration and related briefing be expressly
limited to this litigation and, accordingly, any party or third-party may not argue that any privilege
has been waived, eroded, or otherwise impacted.
B. Abington’s Motion (Doc. 347)
Abington seeks leave to file under seal ten pages of the deposition transcript of its corporate
representative, Josh Perttula, (Doc. 341) and five exhibits from Mr. Perttula’s deposition (Docs.
341-25; 341-26; 341-28; 341-29; and 341-42).
The Sixth Circuit’s decision in Shane Group, Inc. v. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan
provides guidance for analyzing Abington’s Motion. There, “[n]umerous court filings,” including
the plaintiffs’ amended complaint, the motion for class certification, and 194 exhibits, were filed
under seal. Graiser v. Visionworks of Am., Inc., No. 1:15-CV-2306, 2016 WL 3597718, at *1
(N.D. Ohio July 5, 2016) (citing Shane Grp., Inc., 825 F.3d at 307). For their sole justification the
plaintiffs contended that the filings “contained materials designated as confidential under [a joint]
protective order.” Graiser, 2016 WL 3597718, at *1 (citing Shane Grp., Inc., 825 F.3d at 306).
But that reasoning fell short. Specifically, the Court concluded that the plaintiffs’ “brief” and
“perfunctory” reasoning was “inadequate” to seal the documents at issue. Shane Grp., Inc., 825
F.3d at 306.
Abington’s reasoning is similarly thin. In seeking to permanently seal transcripts and
certain exhibits from Mr. Perttula’s deposition, Abington states that the documents “relate to past
transactions between Abington and independent third parties that have no relationship or
involvement with the circumstances underlying this case.” (Doc. 347 at 2). Abington further
asserts that the exhibits contain confidential financial information, the disclosure of which “could
place [it] at a competitive disadvantage.” (Id.).
But, as the Sixth Circuit has told us, “in civil litigation, only trade secrets, information
covered by a recognized privilege (such as the attorney-client privilege), and information required
by statute to be maintained in confidence (such as the name of a minor victim of a sexual assault),
is typically enough to overcome the presumption of access.” Shane Grp., Inc., 825 F.3d at 308
(citation and quotations omitted). And Abington has not demonstrated that any of the documents
falls into any of these categories.
Moreover, as the Court in Shane also emphasized, “[i]n delineating the injury to be
prevented, specificity is essential.” Id. at 307–08 (quoting In re Cendant Corp., 260 F.3d 183, 194
(3d Cir. 2001)). Abington’s explanation, based on only a reference to its non-disclosure agreement
and confidentiality clauses, does not “demonstrate—on a document-by-document, line-by-line
basis—that specific information in the court record meets the demanding requirements for a seal.”
Id. at 308; see also Blasi v. United Debt Servs., LLC, No. 2:14-CV-83, 2016 WL 3765539, at *1
(S.D. Ohio July 14, 2016) (applying Shane to reach a similar conclusion); Graiser, 2016 WL
3597718, at *2 (same). Indeed, much of the deposition transcripts Abington seeks to seal refer to
matters that were obtained publicly on LexisNexis. (See Doc. 341).
Accordingly, Abington’s Motion to Permanently Seal (Doc. 347) is DENIED without
prejudice to re-filing. The documents will remain off the public docket for TEN (10) days from
the date of this Order, during which time Abington may file a more detailed and narrowly-tailored
motion to seal. See Blasi, 2016 WL 3765539, at *1 (noting that a proper motion to seal must
“demonstrate[] a compelling reason for filing under seal, . . . must be narrowly tailored to serve
that reason,” and must “analyze in detail, document by document, the propriety of secrecy,
providing reasons and legal citations”).
C. CONCLUSION
For the reasons above, XPO’s Motion (Doc. 346) is GRANTED in part and DENIED in
part. Specifically, XPO’s request to permanently seal is DENIED but its request pertaining to
waiver is GRANTED. Abington’s Motion (Doc. 347) is DENIED without prejudice to re-
filing. The documents will remain off the public docket for TEN (10) days from the date of this
Order, during which time Abington may file a more detailed and narrowly-tailored motion to seal.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Date: /s/ Kimberly A. Jolson
KIMBERLY A. JOLSON
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE