"The standard for determining whether a plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which 8 relief can be granted under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is the same as the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9 12(b)(6) standard for failure to state a claim."
How later courts described this case
- "The standard for determining whether a plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which 8 relief can be granted under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is the same as the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9 12(b)(6) standard for failure to state a claim."
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
2
DISTRICT OF NEVADA
3
4
Jessica M. Brown, Case No. 2:24-cv-00474-RFB-MDC
5
Report And Recommendation For Dismissal
6 Plaintiff(s), With Prejudice And to Deny Plaintiff’s
vs. Application To Proceed In Forma Pauperis As
7 Moot (ECF Nos. 1 and 1-1)
Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department,
8 And
Defendant(s).
9
Order Cautioning Plaintiff That Her Filings
10 In This Court Are Bordering On Vexatious
11
Pro se plaintiff Jessica M. Brown filed an Application To Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”)
12
(ECF No. 1) along with a proposed Complaint (ECF No. 1-1). However, because it is apparent from the
13
face of plaintiff's proposed Complaint that the claims are futile, this Court recommends that the action
14
be dismissed and plaintiff's IFP Application be denied as moot.
15
16 I. BACKGROUND
17 Plaintiff filed this action against Judge Ballow, the sole defendant in this case. ECF No. 1-1.
18 While plaintiff’s handwriting is difficult to read, she appears to state that Judge Ballow (1) violated
19 plaintiff’s rights when she sentenced plaintiff; (2) was biased against plaintiff; and (3) that Judge Ballow
20 was disrespectful to plaintiff in the Courtroom. Id. at 2 and 3. The Court notes that plaintiff is a frequent
21
filer in this Court, as she has filed dozens of cases in this Court, most of which have been dismissed.
22
II. ANALYSIS
23
a. Legal Standard
24
"[T]he court shall dismiss the case at any time if the court determines that-- (A) the allegation of
25
poverty is untrue; or (B) the action or appeal-- (i) is frivolous or malicious; (ii) fails to state a claim upon
which relief may be granted; or (iii) seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such
1
relief." 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(A), (B)(i)-(iii).
2
Dismissal of a Complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted is
3
4 provided for in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), and 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) tracks that
5 language. As such, when reviewing the adequacy of a Complaint under this statute, the court applies the
6 same standard as is applied under Rule 12(b)(6). See e.g. Watison v. Carter, 668 F.3d 1108, 1112 (9th
7 Cir. 2012) ("The standard for determining whether a plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which
8 relief can be granted under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is the same as the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
9
12(b)(6) standard for failure to state a claim."). Review under Rule 12(b)(6) is essentially a ruling on a
10
question of law. See Chappel v. Lab. Corp. of America, 232 F.3d 719, 723 (9th Cir. 2000) (citation
11
omitted).
12
A Complaint must contain more than a "formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of
13
action," it must contain factual allegations sufficient to "raise a right to relief above the speculative
14
level." Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 167 L. Ed. 2d 929 (2007).
15
"The pleading must contain something more ... than ... a statement of facts that merely creates a
16
17 suspicion [of] a legally cognizable right of action." Id. (citation and quotation marks omitted). At a
18 minimum, a plaintiff should include "enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its
19 face." Id. at 570; see also Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 173 L. Ed. 2d 868
20 (2009).
21
A dismissal should not be without leave to amend unless it is clear from the face of the
22
Complaint that the action is frivolous and could not be amended to state a federal claim, or the district
23
court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over the action. See Cato v. United States, 70 F.3d 1103, 1106
24
(9th Cir. 1995); O'Loughlin v. Doe, 920 F.2d 614, 616 (9th Cir. 1990).
25
2
b. Plaintiff’s Complaint
1
Judges are entitled to absolute judicial immunity for acts performed in their official capacity. See
2
In re Castillo, 297 F.3d 940, 947 (9th Cir. 2002). Judicial immunity is "a 'sweeping form of immunity'
3
4 for acts performed by judges that relate to the 'judicial process.'" Id. (citations omitted) "This absolute
5 immunity insulates judges from charges of erroneous acts or irregular action, even when it is alleged that
6 such action was driven by malicious or corrupt motives, ... or when the exercise of judicial authority is
7 'flawed by the commission of grave procedural errors.'" Id. (citations omitted).
8 Judicial immunity means that judges cannot be sued for actions taken in the courtroom.
9
Plaintiff’s claims against Judge Ballow should be dismissed with prejudice because plaintiff’s
10
allegations concern actions undertaken in the judicial process. For example, plaintiff alleges that Judge
11
Ballow was disrespectful to plaintiff in the courtroom while plaintiff was appearing before Judge Ballow
12
for sentencing. Plaintiff cannot cure this immunity deficiency by amendment. Therefore, the Court
13
recommends that the plaintiff’s case against Judge Ballow be dismissed with prejudice.
14
c. Plaintiff’s Filings In This Court
15
The court cautions plaintiff that her activity in this district is bordering on vexatious. "Flagrant
16
17 abuse of the judicial process cannot be tolerated because it enables one person to preempt the use of
18 judicial time that properly could be used to consider the meritorious claims of other litigants." De Long
19 v. Hennessey, 912 F.2d 1144, 1148 (9th Cir. 1990). "No one, rich or poor, is entitled to abuse the judicial
20 process." Tripati v. Beaman, 878 F.2d 351, 353 (10th Cir. 1989). The court will not enter a vexatious
21
litigant order at this time but warns plaintiff that is a real possibility if she continues filing cases where
22
the defendants are immune from suit, she fails to state a colorable claim, or includes claims that are
23
frivolous. To this point, plaintiff has a history of filing these lawsuits that she knows are likely to be
24
dismissed, and her conduct has posed an unnecessary burden on the court.
25
3
It is so recommended and ordered:
5 1. The Court RECOMMENDS that this action be DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE and
3 Judgment entered.
4 2. further RECOMMENDED that plaintiff Jessica M. Brown’s [FP Application (ECF No.
5 1) be DISMISSED AS MOOT.
6 3. The Court further ORDERS and CAUTIONS plaintiff that if she persists in filing lawsuits
7 that are frivolous, it may result in sanctions, including her being declared a vexatious litigant.
8 NOTICE
° Pursuant to Local Rules IB 3-1 and IB 3-2, a party may object to orders and reports and
recommendations issued by the magistrate judge. Objections must be in writing and filed with the Clerk
of the Court within fourteen days. LR IB 3-1, 3-2. The Supreme Court has held that the courts of appeal
may determine that an appeal has been waived due to the failure to file objections within the specified
4 time. Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 142 (1985). This circuit has also held that (1) failure to file
15 objections within the specified time and (2) failure to properly address and brief the objectionable issues
16 || waives the right to appeal the District Court's order and/or appeal factual issues from the order of the
17 || District Court. Martinez v. Yist, 951 F.2d 1153, 1157 (9th Cir. 1991); Britt v. Simi Valley United Sch.
18 || Dist., 708 F.2d 452, 454 (9th Cir. 1983). Pursuant to LR IA 3-1, the plaintiff must immediately file
19 || written notification with the court of any change of address. The notification must include proof of
20 |! service upon each opposing party’s attorney, or upon the opposing party if the party is unrepresented by
al counsel. Failure to comply with this rule may result in dismissal of the action.
Dated this 2nd day of April 2024. / pp qv
04 Hon, 3téximiliangD, Couvilér 11
0s Urged States Mpéistrate Je#dge