DONOVAN-DRAPER v. BALLY'S PARK PLACE

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY

COLEEN DONOVAN-DRAPER, : Hon. Joseph H. Rodriguez

:

Plaintiff, :

:

v. : Civil No. 21-14134

:

BALLY’S PARK PLACE d/b/a BALLY’S :

ATLANTIC CITY; JOHN DOE, MARY DOE, :

ABC PARTNERSHIPS and XYZ :

CORPORATIONS, : OPINION

:

Defendants. :

:

:

Presently before the Court is the motion by defendant Bally’s Park Place, LLC for

an order granting summary judgment on New Jersey’s workers’ compensation bar and

dismissing plaintiff Coleen Donovan-Draper’s complaint with prejudice [Dkt. 20]. The

Court has considered the parties’ written submissions [Dkt. 20, 23, 27] as well as oral

argument advanced at the hearing convened on May 9, 2023 [Dkt. 33]. For the reasons

set forth herein, the Court will grant the motion and dismiss the complaint with

prejudice.

I. Background

The underlying facts of this case are largely undisputed. Plaintiff, Coleen

Donovan-Draper (“Plaintiff” or “Donovan-Draper”), instituted a civil-action Complaint

in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Atlantic County, on June 17, 2021 [Dkt. 1-4],

alleging personal injuries resulting from an August 20, 2019 incident during which she

twisted her ankle on the sidewalk located at defendant Bally’s Park Place, LLC

(“Defendant” or “Bally’s”) in Atlantic City. [Dkt. 1]. The case was removed by Bally’s to

the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, Camden Vicinage, on

July 26, 2021 pursuant to diversity jurisdiction. Id.

Plaintiff was an employee of Bally’s and worked as a bartender at Bally’s beach

bar. See Bally’s Statement of Material Facts ¶ 3 [Dkt. 20-2] (“Bally’s SOF”); Plaintiff’s

Response to Defendant at *5 [Dkt. 23] (“Opp.”). On August 20, 2019, Plaintiff was

dropped off for work by her mother on the sidewalk that runs along Park Place. Bally’s

SOF ¶ 4; Opp. at *7. Plaintiff testified that she was dropped off at the sidewalk because it

was the easiest and probably the safest way to enter her workplace. Bally’s SOF ¶ 5.

Plaintiff further explained that Bally’s doors were close to where she was dropped off

and that her time clock was right there by the boardwalk entrance. Bally’s SOF ¶ 6.

Plaintiff testified that she twisted her ankle on an alleged uneven paver located along the

sidewalk. Bally’s SOF ¶ 7. Plaintiff then began receiving workers’ compensation benefits.

Bally’s SOF ¶¶ 8-9; Opp. at *5. While receiving workers’ compensation benefits, Plaintiff

filed the instant action alleging negligence claims against Bally’s to recover for her

personal injuries. Bally’s SOF ¶ 10.

In the course of discovery, Bally’s produced a lease agreement indicating that

Bally’s is the lessee of the premises at issue and assumed, via the lease, all

responsibilities for maintenance of the property, including all maintenance

responsibilities with respect to the sidewalks. Bally’s SOF ¶¶ 36-37. Also among the

discovery exchanged was certain Atlantic City municipal ordinances governing property

maintenance. Sidewalk maintenance under Article II § 222-13 of the ordinance includes

a commercial operator’s responsibility to grade, pave, repair, and maintain its

sidewalks. Bally’s SOF ¶ 39, Exhibit H (“The grading, paving, curbing, repairing and

maintenance of all sidewalks shall be the responsibility of the owner of the respective

premises fronting on such sidewalks”). Further, Article II § 222-19 of the ordinance

provides that “[a]ll sidewalks and driveways shall be adequately maintained free of large

cracks, holes and settlement which may cause tripping or other hazards to pedestrians.

requires that all side operators to remove rubbish and debris from their respective

sidewalks.” Bally’s SOF ¶ 39, Exhibit H.

Bally’s presented its EVS Manager Dunia Barreda (“Ms. Barreda”) for deposition.

Ms. Barreda has been Bally’s EVS Manager for the past 7 years. Bally’s SOF ¶ 12. Ms.

Barreda testified that Bally’s Grounds Team members were responsible for walking the

sidewalks in search of anything that needed to be reported to Facilities for repair. Bally’s

SOF ¶ 13. According to Ms. Barreda’s testimony, a Bally’s Grounds Team member was

assigned to every shift throughout the day and was expected to walk the exterior

sidewalks at least once a shift. Bally’s SOF ¶ 14. Ms. Barreda further stated that Bally’s

supervisors would also be walking the sidewalks on a daily basis as part of their

responsibilities. Bally’s SOF ¶ 15. Ms. Barreda explained that EVS employees and

supervisors were responsible for looking for things that may need to be reported to

Facilities and EVS employees would report cracks in the sidewalk that they saw to the

Facilities Department for repair. Bally’s SOF ¶¶ 16-17. Bally’s EVS employees would use

heavy porters to sweep the sidewalks clean and would also maintain the sidewalk by

performing snow removal and deicing services along the sidewalk as necessary. Bally’s

SOF ¶¶ 18-19. Employees used a mini truck with a salt speeder as well as snow blowers,

a mini tractor, and shovels for snow removal and de-icing on the sidewalks and entrance

areas. Bally’s SOF ¶¶ 20-23. Ms. Barreda also explained that Bally’s EVS employees

would power wash the sidewalks and would use gas and electric power washers and a

mini tractor with double hose power to perform that work. Bally’s SOF ¶¶ 24-25. Ms.

Barreda explained that Bally’s EVS employees would use stanchions, caution tape, and

caution signs to block off areas that were being power washed. Bally’s SOF ¶ 26. Ms.

Barreda additionally testified that Bally’s EVS employees would further maintain the

sidewalk by perform trash and debris removal. Bally’s SOF ¶ 27. Ms. Barreda stated that

the EVS team has a 24/7 hotline to respond to clean up calls reported by other

employees immediately for a quick dispatch. Bally’s SOF ¶¶ 28-29. For example, if

someone threw up on the sidewalk, that can be reported for immediately clean-up by

Bally’s employees. Bally’s SOF ¶ 30.

Bally’s also presented its former Director of Facilities, Mary Kramer (“Ms.

Kramer”), for deposition. The Facilities Team is responsible for performing any

necessary repairs on the premises, which includes any necessary repairs to the sidewalks

and its pavers. Bally’s SOF ¶ 32. Ms. Kramer explained that in the event of cracked or

uneven pavers, Bally’s would retain an outside contractor to make the repairs. Bally’s

SOF ¶ 33. Ms. Kramer personally recalled having to replace pavers on the Bally’s

exterior sidewalk in an area by the bus garage. Bally’s SOF ¶ 34. Ms. Kramer stated that

she bid out that sidewalk repair job to a contractor. Bally’s SOF ¶ 35.

Upon the conclusion of discovery, Bally’s filed the instant motion seeking an

order granting summary judgment in its favor and dismissing Plaintiff’s complaint with

prejudice on the asserted basis that Plaintiff’s negligence claim is barred by the exclusive

remedy Provision of the New Jersey Workers’ Compensation Act, N.J. Stat. Ann. §§

34:15–1 et seq. (“the Act”); N.J.S.A. 34:15–8.

II. Legal Standard

“Summary judgment is proper if there is no genuine issue of material fact and if,

viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, the moving party

is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Pearson v. Component Tech. Corp., 247 F.3d

471, 482 n.1 (3d Cir. 2001) (citing Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986));

accord Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 (a). Thus, the Court will enter summary judgment in favor of a

movant who shows that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, and supports the

showing that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact by “citing to particular

parts of materials in the record, including depositions, documents, electronically stored

information, affidavits or declarations, stipulations . . . admissions, interrogatory

answers, or other materials.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 (c)(1)(A).

An issue is “genuine” if supported by evidence such that a reasonable jury could

return a verdict in the nonmoving party’s favor. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477

U.S. 242, 248 (1986). A fact is “material” if, under the governing substantive law, a

dispute about the fact might affect the outcome of the suit. Id. In determining whether a

genuine issue of material fact exists, the court must view the facts and all reasonable

inferences drawn from those facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.

Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986).

Initially, the moving party has the burden of demonstrating the absence of a

genuine issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). Once

the moving party has met this burden, the nonmoving party must identify, by affidavits

or otherwise, specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. Id.;

Maidenbaum v. Bally’s Park Place, Inc., 870 F. Supp. 1254, 1258 (D.N.J. 1994). Thus, to

withstand a properly supported motion for summary judgment, the nonmoving party

must identify specific facts and affirmative evidence that contradict those offered by the

moving party. Andersen, 477 U.S. at 256-57. “A nonmoving party may not ‘rest upon

mere allegations, general denials or . . . vague statements . . . .’” Trap Rock Indus., Inc.

v. Local 825, Int’l Union of Operating Eng’rs, 982 F.2d 884, 890 (3d Cir. 1992) (quoting

Quiroga v. Hasbro, Inc., 934 F.2d 497, 500 (3d Cir. 1991)). Indeed, the plain language

of Rule 56(c) mandates the entry of summary judgment, after adequate time for

discovery and upon motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to

establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which that

party will bear the burden of proof at trial. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322. That is, the movant

can support the assertion that a fact cannot be genuinely disputed by showing that “an

adverse party cannot produce admissible evidence to support the [alleged dispute of]

fact.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(B); accord Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(2).

In deciding the merits of a party’s motion for summary judgment, the court’s role

is not to evaluate the evidence and decide the truth of the matter, but to determine

whether there is a genuine issue for trial. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242,

249 (1986). Credibility determinations are the province of the factfinder. Big Apple

BMW, Inc. v. BMW of N. Am., Inc., 974 F.2d 1358, 1363 (3d Cir. 1992).

III. Discussion

Bally’s seeks summary judgment in its favor on the asserted grounds that

Plaintiff’s common law action is barred by the exclusive remedy provision of the New

Jersey Workers’ Compensation Act. Workers’ compensation laws establish a tradeoff

whereby employees who agree to the terms of the statutory scheme relinquish their right

to pursue common-law remedies against their employers in exchange for immediate and

automatic entitlement to benefits for work-related injuries. Charles Beseler Co. v.

O’Gorman & Young, Inc., 188 N.J. 542, 546, 911 A.2d 47, 49 (N.J. 2006) (citing Laidlow

v. Hariton Mach. Co., Inc., 170 N.J. 602, 605, 790 A.2d 884, 886 (N.J. 2002)). The

overarching purpose behind the Act is “‘to shoulder on industry the expense incident to

the hazards of industry; to lift from the public the burden to support those incapacitated

by industry and to ultimately pass on to the consumers of the products of industry such

expense.’” Sheffield v. Shering Plough Corp., 146 N.J. 442, 461, 680 A.2d 750, 760

(N.J.1996) (quoting Morris v. Hermann Forwarding Co., 18 N.J. 195, 197–98, 113 A.2d

513 (1955)). Accordingly, the Act “provide[s] a method of compensation for the injury or

death of an employee, irrespective of the fault of the employer or contributory

negligence and assumption of risk of the employee.” Harris v. Branin Transport, Inc.,

312 N.J. Super. 38, 46, 711 A.2d 331, 335-36 (App. Div. 1998). As such, “[w]hen personal

injury is caused to an employee by accident arising out of and in the course of his

employment, of which the actual or lawfully imputed negligence of the employer is the

natural and proximate cause, he shall receive compensation therefor from his

employer.” N.J. Stat. Ann. § 34:15–1.

The Act provides that workers’ compensation benefits are “the exclusive remedy

for an employee who sustains an injury in an accident that arises out of and in the

course of employment.” Ahammed v. Logandro, 394 N.J. Super. 179, 190, 925 A.2d 733,

739 (App. Div. 2007) (citing N.J. Stat. Ann. § 34:15–8); see also Tomeo v. Thomas

Whitesell Const. Co., 176 N.J. 366, 370–71, 823 A.2d 769, 772 (2003) (“The immunity

provided in N.J.S.A. 34:15–8 states that an employee’s exclusive remedy for an accident

that arises out of and during the course of employment is workers’ compensation and

the employer shall not be liable to anyone at common law or otherwise on account of

such injury or death for any act or omission occurring [to such an employee][.])

(internal quotations omitted). “Fundamental to the Act is the premise that by accepting

the benefits provided by its schedule of payments, the employee agrees to forsake a tort

action against the employer.” Ramos v. Browning Ferris Indus., Inc., 103 N.J. 177, 510

A.2d 1152, 1155 (N.J.1986) (citing Morris, 18 N.J. at 197–98, 113 A.2d at 514 (1955)).

However, the exclusive remedy provision of the Act does not preclude a plaintiff from

bringing a common-law cause of action for injuries sustained in an accident that does

not arise out of and occur in the course of employment.

“In determining whether an accident arises ‘out of and in the course of

employment,’ our courts apply the premises rule established by the Legislature in the

1979 amendments to the Act.” Lapsley v. Twp. of Sparta, 249 N.J. 427, 435, 266 A.3d

413, 418 (2022) (quoting Kristiansen v. Morgan, 153 N.J. 298, 316, 708 A.2d 1173, 1182;

see also Walker v. Saker ShopRite, No. A-2770-19, 2021 WL 4058011, at *3 (N.J. Super.

Ct. App. Div. Sept. 7, 2021) (“Entitlement to workers’ compensation benefits is

controlled by the premises rule set forth in N.J.S.A. 34:15-36.”). “The premises rule is

based on the notion that an injury to an employee that happens going to or coming from

work arises out of and in the course of employment if the injury takes place on the

employer’s premises.” Id. (internal quotations and citation omitted). Therefore, “‘[t]he

fact that [an employee] had punched out on the time clock does not preclude

compensability.’” Id. at 435-36, 266 A.3d at 418 (quoting Brower v. ICT Grp., 164 N.J.

367, 372, 753 A.2d 1045, 1047 (2000).

The amendments provide that “[e]mployment shall be deemed to commence

when an employee arrives at the employer’s place of employment to report for work and

shall terminate when the employee leaves the employer’s place of employment,

excluding areas not under the control of the employer.” N.J.S.A. 34:15-36. “The

Legislature used the phrase ‘excluding areas not under the control of the employer’ in its

definition of employment because it intended to include areas controlled by the

employer within the definition.” Kristiansen, 153 N.J. at 316, 708 A.2d at 1182. “That

phrase was intended to make clear that the premises rule can entail more than the four

walls of an office or plant.” Id. at 316–17, 708 A.2d at 1182–83. The New Jersey

Supreme Court has recognized that “[c]ontrol as defined in the Workers' Compensation

Act differs from control in the ‘formal property law sense’; the former definition is more

expansive.” Ramos, 154 N.J. at 592, 713 A.2d at 491; Cannuscio v. Claridge Hotel &

Casino, 319 N.J. Super. 342, 350, 725 A.2d 135 (App. Div. 1999). As such, “[i]f an

employer has control over the area but does not own the area, employee injuries can still

be compensable under the premises rule.” Giordano v. High Point Ins. Co., No. A-4971-

14T3, 2016 WL 5899273, at *3 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Oct. 11, 2016).

“To determine whether an injury is compensable, ‘[t]he pivotal questions under

the premises rule are (1) where was the situs of the accident, and (2) did the employer

have control of the property on which the accident occurred.’” Lapsley, 249 N.J. at 436,

266 A.3d at 419 (quoting Kristiansen, 153 N.J. at 316-17, 708 A.2d at 1182-83); see also

Brower, 164 N.J. at 372, 753 A.2d at 1047 (“the situs of the accident and the employer’s

control of that location are the dispositive factors.”). The Supreme Court of New Jersey

has stated that “control exists when the employer owns, maintains, or has exclusive use

of the property.” Kristiansen, 153 N.J. at 317, 708 A.2d at 1183 (citing Livingstone v.

Abraham & Straus, Inc., 111 N.J. 89, 104, 543 A.2d 45, 53 (1988)); Lapsley, 249 N.J. at

436, 266 A.3d at 419 (2022); Hersh v. Cnty. of Morris, 217 N.J. 236, 245, 86 A.3d 140,

145 (2014). “Thus, whether the Act compensates an employee’s injury that occurred

during ingress or egress to work is a fact-sensitive determination regarding the

employer’s control over the situs of the accident.” Pilone v. Cnty. of Middlesex, No. A-

1676-19, 2021 WL 955165, at *2 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Mar. 15, 2021).

Plaintiff argues that summary judgment should be denied because Bally’s has not

established that the injury arose out of and in the course of Plaintiff’s employment.

Specifically, Plaintiff contends that her injuries were not incident to her employment, as

contemplated under the Act, because Bally’s exercised no control over her freedom of

action at the time it occurred. Opp. at *10. Plaintiff concedes that the Supreme Court of

New Jersey’s recent decision in Lapsey focused on the issue of whether the employee

had control of the property on which the accident occurred in determining

compensability. Id. Plaintiff claims that Bally’s reliance on Lapsey is misplaced,

however, because Lapsey did not overrule a line of previous decisions analyzing the

level of control employers exercised over employees’ freedom of action. Id. In support of

Plaintiff’s position, Plaintiff identifies a number of earlier decisions wherein an injury

was considered “in the course of employment” if it occurred when the employer

exercised a level of control over the employee’s freedom of action at the time of injury.

Id. at *11-14. In response, Bally’s submits that these cases recognize an employer’s

control over its employee as an alternative avenue to establish compensability under the

Act where the employer does not own, maintain, or have exclusive control of the

premises where the injury occurred. Reply at *12.

The Court disagrees with Plaintiff’s position that the analysis of the premises rule

in Lapsey is somehow incomplete and instead finds that the decision supplies the

correct legal framework for determining compensability and the application of the

exclusive remedy provision in this case. As explained in Lapsley, “[t]he premises rule is

based on the notion that an injury to an employee that happens going to or coming from

work arises out of and in the course of employment if the injury takes place on

the employer's premises.” Lapsley, 249 N.J. at 435, 266 A.3d at 418 (emphasis added).

Interpreting the premises rule, the decision makes clear that places under the control of

the employer are considered “part of the employer’s premises for purposes of workers’

compensation benefits.” Id. at 436, 266 A.3d at 419 (quoting Hersh, 217 N.J. at 249, 86

A.3d at 148) (internal quotations omitted). In view of the foregoing and under the

circumstances where it is undisputed that Plaintiff was arriving at work for her shift as a

bartender at the time of the injury, the Court finds that compensability may be

established by demonstrating Bally’s control of the sidewalk under the premises rule.

On this issue, Plaintiff argues that summary judgment should be denied because

Bally’s “maintenance” of the sidewalk does not establish that Bally’s had “exclusive

control” of the sidewalk sufficient to establish compensability and bar Plaintiff’s suit.

Opp. at *14-18. Plaintiff contends that there is no evidence showing Bally’s had

“exclusive control” and that the sidewalk is instead a “public place[]” controlled by the

government. Id. As explained in Lapsley, however, control in the context of the Act can

be satisfied with a showing of ownership, maintenance, or exclusive use of the premises

at issue. Lapsley, 249 N.J. at 436; 266 A.3d at 419. Thus, “exclusive control” is not a

requirement and control can be established by demonstrating ownership or

maintenance. Id. (“[C]ontrol exists when the employer owns, maintains, or has exclusive

use of the property.”).

Here, Defendant has adduced sufficient credible facts, which are not the subject

of any genuine dispute, showing that Bally’s exercised control over the subject sidewalk

through its maintenance practices. As such, the Court finds that Plaintiff’s injury is not

the sort of incident that was intended to be precluded as incompensable under the

Workers’ Compensation Act and the 1979 amendment. Bally’s EVS Manager, Dunia

Barreda, confirmed in her deposition testimony that Bally’s inspects and maintains the

sidewalk where Plaintiff was injured.

Ms. Barreda testified that Bally’s Grounds Team members were responsible

for walking the sidewalks in search of anything that needed to be reported

to Facilities for repair. Ms. Barreda stated that a Bally’s Grounds Team

member was assigned to every shift throughout the day and was expected

to walk the exterior sidewalks at least once a shift. Ms. Barreda further

stated that Bally’s supervisors would also be walking the sidewalks on a

daily basis as part of their responsibilities. Ms. Barreda explained that EVS

employees and supervisors were responsible for looking for things that may

need to be reported to Facilities. Ms. Barreda stated that Bally’s EVS

employees would report cracks in the sidewalk that they saw to the Facilities

Department for repair. Ms. Barreda described that Bally’s EVS employees

would use heavy porters to sweep the sidewalks clean. Ms. Barreda

explained that Bally’s EVS employees would further maintain the sidewalk

by performing snow removal and deicing services along the sidewalk as

necessary. Ms. Barreda described that Bally’s EVS employees would use a

mini truck with a salt speeder for snow removal and de-icing services. Ms.

Barreda also described that Bally’s EVS employees would use snow blowers

to assist with its snow removal. Ms. Barreda explained that Bally’s EVS

employees would use a mini tractor with a plow to go around and clear snow

from the sidewalks and entrances. Ms. Barreda stated that Bally’s EVS

employees would also use snow shovels to manually remove snow from the

sidewalks and entrances. Ms. Barreda explained that Bally’s EVS employees

would power wash the sidewalks and would use gas and electric power

washers to perform that work. Ms. Barreda stated that Bally’s EVS

employees would also use a mini tractor with double hose power to

complete the power washing work. Ms. Barreda explained that Bally’s EVS

employees would use stanchions, caution tape, and caution signs to block

off areas that were being power washed. Ms. Barreda testified that Bally’s

EVS employees would further maintain the sidewalk by perform trash and

debris removal. Ms. Barreda stated that the EVS team has a 24/7 hotline to

respond to clean up calls reported by other employees. The phone number

can be accessed from in-house or regular phone, and anybody can contact

the Clean Team to let them know if cleanup is needed. Ms. Barreda testified

that through the hotline reported issues that need attention right away are

responded to right away with a quick dispatch. For example, if someone

threw up on the sidewalk, that can be reported for immediately clean-up by

Bally’s employees.

Bally’s SOF ¶¶ 12-30.

The deposition testimony of Mary Kramer, Director of Facilities, further confirms

Bally’s role in maintaining the sidewalk.

Mary Kramer was the Director of Facilities for the Bally’s property during

the time of the accident and confirmed in her deposition that Bally’s is

responsible for any necessary repairs on the subject sidewalk, including any

repairs needed to the pavers. Ms. Kramer explained that in the event of

cracked or uneven pavers, Bally’s would retain an outside contractor to

make the repairs. Ms. Kramer personally recalled having to replace pavers

on the Bally’s exterior sidewalk in an area by the bus garage. Ms. Kramer

stated that she bid out that sidewalk repair job to a contractor.

Bally’s Statement of Material Facts ¶¶ 31-35.

By way of additional facts establishing its maintenance of the sidewalk, Bally’s

produced a copy of its lease showing that, under the terms of the lease, Bally’s assumed

responsibilities for making all reasonably necessary and appropriate repairs to the

sidewalk. Bally’s SOF ¶¶ 36-37. Bally’s also references Atlantic City municipal

ordinances requiring that commercial operators on premises fronting sidewalk are

responsible for the maintenance of the sidewalk. Bally’s SOF ¶ 39, Exhibit H.

The Court finds that the foregoing facts pertaining to Bally’s maintenance

practices, which are not the subject of any genuine dispute,1 are sufficient to satisfy the

requisite showing of control within the meaning of the premises rule. Viewing these

facts in conjunction with the absence of any dispute that Plaintiff was arriving at work

for her shift as a bartender at the time of the injury, the Court concludes that Plaintiff’s

injury qualifies as compensable under the Act. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s premises liability

claim against Bally’s is subject to dismissal pursuant to the exclusive remedy provision

of the Act.

IV. Conclusion

For the reasons set forth herein, the Court will grant Bally’s motion for summary

judgment on New Jersey’s workers’ compensation bar and dismiss plaintiff Coleen

Donovan-Draper’s complaint with prejudice.

October 18, 2023

s/ Joseph H. Rodriguez

Hon. Joseph H. Rodriguez, U.S.D.J.

1 See Opp. at *14 (“While the sidewalk in question was ‘maintained’ by Bally’s. . .”).